• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.566-574
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship of emergency department(ED) nurse's job characteristics, organizational commitment and turnover intention. Method: This study was conducted through a survey of 171 nurses from ED in nine general hospitals of Band U cities. The data were collected by self-report questionnaires and analyzed with the SPSS WIN 17.0 program using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean score for job characteristics was 3.37. Job characteristics according to position, number days night duty, and monthly income showed significant differences. Turnover intention according to age, total career, and monthly income showed significant differences. A significant positive correlation was found between job characteristics and organizational commitment. Significant negative correlations were found between job characteristics and turnover intention, organizational commitment and turnover intention were found. The significant factors influencing turnover intention were organizational commitment, monthly income, and total career, which explained 27.6% of the variance. Conclusion: The findings indicate that nurse managers should analyze the reasons for high turnover intention, focusing on the main factors affecting turnover intention and consider solutions for decreasing turnover intention.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2001

This study was aimed to investigate the effect Chukdamtanggamibang on the vascular systems including changes in blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) of male Sprague-Dawely rats, contractile force of guinea pig`s tracheal smooth muscle and abdominal aorta and femoral artery in rabbits. Blood pressure was not affected by Chukdamtanggamibang in rats. rCBF was significantly increased by Chukdamtanggamibang in a dose-dependent manner. Contractile force of isolated guinea pig`s tracheal smooth muscle evoked by His ({TEX}$ED_{50}${/TEX}) were inhibited significantly by Chukdamtanggamibang. Propranolol, indomethacin and methylene blue did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Chukdamtanggamibang. Contractile force of isolated rabbit`s abdominal aorta and femoral artery evoked by NE ({TEX}$ED_{50}${/TEX}) were inhibited significantly by Chukdamtanggamibang. ODQ and L-NNA significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Chukdamtanggamibang in abdominal aorta, whereas propranolol did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Chukdamtanggamibang. These results indicate that Chukdamtanggamibang can relax hitamine-induced contraction of guinea pig`s tracheal smooth muscle and that this inhibition involves, in part, the relation to the soluble guanylyl cyclase synthesis and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.396-401
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• 1995

As a part of trials to develop the antitumor agent from tannins isolated from plants, the antitumor activity of peduculagin, an ellagitannin, isolated from Alnus hirsuta var. microphylla was examined in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the cytotoxicity was determined by 0.4% typanblue dye exclusion method. peduculagin showed the dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K-562), human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60), mouse lymphoid neoplasm (P388), mouse lymphocytic leukemia (L1210) and mouse sarcoma 180(S180) cell lines. $ED_{50}\; values\; (ED_{50})$ of each cell line were 5.30, 0.92, 2.78, 9.35 and $1.38 \mug/ml$ respectively. The most sensitive cell line was HL-60. In vivo, pedunculagin was administered to ICR mouse with the doses of 50 and $100{\;}{\mu}g/ml$intraperitoneally once at 20 days before S180 inoculation. peduculagin showed the antitumor activity and its T/C ratio (%) was 120.82% in the group of both concentrations.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.423-426
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• 1995

SM-101 is a mixture of metampicillin and sulbactam(2:1). The antibacterial activities of SM-101 were compared with those of metampicillin, piperacillin and Augmentin. It showed powerful antibacterial activities against major strains. Except P. anruginosa and S. marcescens, the in vitro antibacterial activity of SM-101 was higher than those of metampicillin, piperacillin and Augmentin against Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Moganella morganii, E. Coil, and Proteus spp. The $ED_{50}$ values of SM-101 were two-fold or greater than those of metampicillin, piperacillin and Augmentin against $\beta-lactamase$ producing strains, p. mirabilis GN79 and M. morganiii MB4-11. The in vivo efficacy of SM-101 was more active than metampicillin and pipeeracillin and similar to Augmentin against S. aureus Smith, E coli MB4-01 and K. pneumoniae MB4-02.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.155-157
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• 1997

An attempt to estabilish the relationship between anti-cell adhesive action of phenylacetylshikonin analogues and their cytotoxicity against A549 cells was done. In the one hour incubation with A549 cells,${\alpha}$-methoxyphenylacetyl-(9), ${\alpha}$-acetoxyphenylacetyl-(13), 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetyl-(15) and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-phenylacetylshikonin (17) analogues showed a high anti-cell adhesive activity $(IC_100; value, 4-8{\mu}g/ml)$, while halophenylacetyl- and dimethoxy- or trimethoxyphenylacetyl analogues expressed no activity at $40{\mu}g/ml$, indicating that the presence of a bulky group at $ C^I-{\alpha}$ and a polar group at C-4 of phenylacetyl moiety may be important. A similar structure activity relationship exists for the 48 hr cytotoxocity $(ED_{50})$ of phenylacetylshikonin analogues in A 549 cells, but not in either K562 or L1210 cells. Furthermore, the difference between $IC_{100}$ values for anti-cell adhesive activity and$ED_{50}$ values for cytotoxicity of potent compound in A549 cells was not so great (1.5 to 3 times). Based on these observations, it is proposed that the anti-cell adhesive action of phenylacetylshikonins might be responsible for their cytotoxicity in A549 cells.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.80-88
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the factors that determines burnout of nurses in emergency department. Methods: The survey was given to 170 ED nurses which are located in Busan from July 1st to August 31st of 2012. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression using SAS 9.2 program. Results: There were statistically significant differences in burnout depending on gender, position, workplace satisfaction, job satisfaction. Significant positive correlation between compassion fatigue and burnout was found. Also significant negative correlation was found between self-esteem, compassion satisfaction and burnout. Factors influencing burnout were self-esteem, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue with $R^2$ value 58.0%. Conclusion: Considering these results, it seems that great efforts will be needed for reducing burnout by mitigating the emergency nurses' compassion fatigue and introducing programs to increase the self-esteem and compassion satisfaction.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.304-308
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• 2012

In vitro antibacterial activity of DW286 was tested against recently collected clinical isolates of Gram-positive strains by the two fold agar dilution method. In vivo activity of DW286 was also determined against systemic infections in mice caused by Staphylococcus aureus. DW286 showed 16~64-fold more potent in vitro activities than ciprofloxacin against Gram-positive bacteria. Against systemic infection model caused by two S. aureus strains, one being methicillin-susceptible and the other methicillin-resistant, DW286 ($ED_{50}s$, 0.16 mg/kg and 4.36 mg/kg, respectively) was more potent than gemifloxacin (1.37 mg/kg, 26.58 mg/kg, respectively).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.543-548
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• 1998

We examined the immunological properties of the recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (r-HBsAg) which was expressed in mammalian cell (C127). The cross-immunity of r-HBsAg and plasma-derived hepatitis B surface antigen (p-HBsAg) were tested using Western blotting and ELISA with guinea pig polyclonal antibody and naturally infected human-derived antibody and the both antigens show the same results in their response pattern and intensity, which indicate they have a good cross-immunity. from the measurement of $ED_{50}$ after formalin- or heat-inactivation, both r-HBsAg and p-HBsAg and p-HBsAg showed $ED_{50}$ of 0.2-0.3 in formalin-inactivaton, while r-HBsAg was 0.05-0.09 and p-HBsAg was 0.03-0.07 in heat-inactivation, which means heat-inactivation method is 3-4 times superior in immunogenicity. In the immunopersistency test performed in guinea pig for the period of 3 months with two different adjuvants, antibody titer was 34.2 with muramyl dipeptide adjuvant, which was 1.8 times greater than the antibody titer of 18.9 with $AIPO_{4}$ adjuvant. the mutagenicity of r-HBsAg has the same cross-immunity with p-HBsAg, and heat-inactivation method and muramyl dipeptide adjuvant allow development of r-HBsAg vaccine with excellent immunogenicity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 1998

Praecoxin A, an ellagitannin, purified from Alnus hirsuta var.microphlla was evaluated on the antitumor activity. Praecoxin A had the significant cytotoxicity to s ix tumor cell lines: human chronic myelogenous leukemia K-562, human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60, mouse leukemia P388, mouse lymphocytic leukemia L-1210, sarcoma-l8O, mouse lymphoma L5178Y except L-1210. And the most sensitive cell line was K-562 ($ED_{50}=2.43{\mu}g/ml$). The $ED_{50} of praecoxin A against HL-60, P388, L-1210, sarcoma7l8O and L5178Y were 6.28, 8.66, 10.00, 7.01, $9.32{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Praecoxin A showed the increasing effect in life span by 36.8% on the 1st day after treatment of 10mg/kg in mice bearing sarcoma-180 tumor cells (ascitic form) via NCI (National Cancer Institute, U.S.A.) protocol in vivo assay. As a result, praecoxin A is considered to show the antitumor activity.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.378-382
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• 1998

A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of 1-phenylcyclohexyl amine(PCA) and dexoxadral as a receptor has been investigated using semiempirical PM3 MO and Hyper Chem calculation. A set of 19 analogues of PCA was chosen for the study using a selection procedure aimed at minimizing the interparameter correlations, while ensuring that the frontier orbital covered the maximum possible range of LogP. The results show that the FOS and LogP is a good structural parameter to predict the maximum electroshock effective dose ($MES\;ED_{50}$) and toxicity dose ($TD_{50}$) for PCA derivatives.