• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 1998

The following conclusions are based upon data collected and visual observations made during the performance of the tests : 1. The performance of the erosion control products tested was for a particular set of conditions, and may be expected to differ if any or all of the test parameters were to be changed. If even just one parameter is changed from one test to the next, the results can be expected to be different. 2. Due to the fact that only two replications of each product were tested, we believe that the results presented herein are indicative only and not conclusive. 3. The ECB SC produced the least amount of soil erosion followed by ECB S, ECB C, and Coir No. 2, in that order. 4. All of the erosion control blankets tested significantly reduced soil erosion rates with respect to the bare soil controls. 5. The ECB S produced the smallest water runoff rate, followed closely by ECB SC. Next in order were ECB C and Coir No. 2. 6. All of the erosion control blankets reduced the water runoff rate with respect to the bare soil control. 7. Mesh 2cm There was not much difference in plant height for the four erosion control blankets and the bare soil control plots. the ECB S produced slightly taller plants than the rest of the materials tested. 8. The four erosion control blankets(ECB C, ECB SC, ECB S, and Coir No. 2) produced a larger plant mass than the bare soil plots. The difference between the plant mass for the four erosion control blankets, however, is minimal. 9. The ECB C produced the least percentage of lost seed and the largest percentage of germinating seed. 10. The ECB SC had the second smaller percentage of seed lost, followed closely by ECB S, and then by Coir No. 2. 11. All erosion control blankets had a smaller percentage of seed lost than the bare soil control plots. 12. The ECB C had the second largest percentage of germinating seed, followed closely by ECB SC and Coir No. 2. 13. All erosion control blankets had a larger percentage of germinating seed than the bare soil control plots. 14. The ECB C had the smallest percentage of non-germinating seed, followed by ECB S, Coir No. 2, and ECB SC, in that order. 15. All erosion control blankets had smaller percentages of non-germinating seed than the bare soil control plots.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.483-484
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• 2005

The field sequential liquid crystal display (FSLCD) does not need a color filter so that it is suitable for high resolution display. However, FSLCD has a drawback which requires a fast response time of sub-5 ms. We have studied the FSLCD with electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) mode. The ECB mode exhibits fast response time, high transmittance, low operating voltage and adequate viewing angle with a help of optical compensation films. In this paper, we present electro-optic characteristics of the ECB mode using a discotic film.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.509-514
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• 2019

We investigated the beneficial effects of Ecklonia cava by-product (ECB), a residual product obtained after polyphenol extraction from Ecklonia cava, on normal rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following three groups: Control group (NC), received basal diet; ECB 0.1 group, received basal diet supplemented with 0.1% ECB for 21 days; ECB 0.5 group, received basal diet supplemented with 0.5% ECB for 21 days. The productivity, serum immunoglobulin level, expression levels of muscle-related genes, and cecal microflora were measured in all the treatment groups to evaluate the potential use of ECB as a feed additive. The ECB 0.1 group exhibited enhanced expression of Myod, Myog, and Igf1 genes, which increased the body weight of rats. Additionally, treatment with ECB increased the cecal Lactobacillus spp. counts and the serum immunoglobulin G levels in rats. Thus, ECB can effectively increase body weight and can be a potential feed additive for improving growth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.563-566
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• 2004

We have studied a electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) mode for field sequential liquid crystal display (FSLCD). We measured response time of the ECB mode. The ECB mode exhibiting fast response time, high transmittance, low operating voltage and adequate viewing angle. The positive liquid crystal (LC) is better than negative LC on dielectric anisotropy, birefringence and rotational viscosity. So that, the ECB mode is one of strongest candidate for FSLCD application.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.109-113
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• 2005

We have studied a field sequential liquid crystal display (FSLCD) with electrically controlled birefringence (ECB). The ECB mode exhibiting fast response time, high transmittance, low operating voltage and adequate viewing angle. The positive liquid crystal (LC) is better than negative LC on dielectric anisotropy, birefringence and rotational viscosity. Because $K_{11}$ value out of the elastic coefficient of LC is also larger than $K_{22}$ value, decay time of VA-ECB is advantage. However, the transmittance & response time reduced with decreasing the cell gap. This drawback can be overcome by using LC with high ${\Delta}n$ but VA-ECB is occured loss of light efficiency because the $\gamma$ value increased by high ${\Delta}n$ of LC. Consequently, the HA-ECB mode is one of strongest candidate for FSLCD application.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1665-1671
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• 2009

Anaerobic digestion sludge was cultivated in an electrochemical bioreactor (ECB) to enrich the hydrogenotrophic methanogens. A modified graphite felt cathode with neutral red (NR-cathode) was charged with electrochemical reducing power generated from a solar cell. The methane and carbon dioxide collected in a Teflon bag from the ECB were more than 80 ml/l of reactant/day and less than 20 ml/l of reactant/day, respectively, whereas the methane and carbon dioxide collected from a conventional bioreactor (CB) was around 40 ml/l of reactant/day, respectively. Moreover, the maximal volume ratios of methane to carbon dioxide (M/C ratio) collected in the Teflon bag from the ECB and CB were 7 and 1, respectively. The most predominant methanogens isolated from the CB on the $20^{th}$, $80^{th}$, and $150^{th}$ days of incubation were hydrogenotrophs. The methanogenic diversity analyzed by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) of the 16S rDNA variable region was higher in the ECB than in the CB. The DNA extracted from the TGGE bands was more than 95% homologous with hydrogenotrophic methanogens in the ECB, but was an aceticlastic methanogen in the CB. In conclusion, the ECB was demonstrated as a useful system for enriching hydrogenotrophic methanogens and increasing the M/C ratio of the gas product.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.116-119
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• 2004

In this paper, we have improved a novel (ECB) mode using tilt angle in the unique condition by hot-plate equipment. The new control of tilt angle for nematic liquid crystal (NLC) with negative and positive dielectric anisotropy on the rubbed homeotropic polyimide (PI) using baking method by Hot-plate equipment was investigated. LC tilt angle decreased with increasing baking temperature and time. Especially, the low LC tilt angle of positive type NLC $({\Delta}n>0)$ on the rubbed homeotropic PI surface by increasing temperature and time was measured. The EO characteristics of the novel ECB mode using control of tilt angle on the homeotropic surface than that of conventional OCB cell can be improved. We suggest that the developed the Novel ECB cell using control of tilt angle on the homeotropic surface is a promising technique for the achievement of a fast response time and a high contrast ratio.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2008

As wireless network market is increasing rapidly, the biggest issue is to transfer safe data and to authenticate users. This paper proposes ECbA(Elliptic Curve based Authentication) which consists of the mutual authentication mechanism that users can ascertain the identity of an authentication server and the user authentication mechanism that an authentication server can make sure users' identity, by using Elliptic Curve algorithms. The proposed ECbA system diminishes the message quantity and the execution time by using the small elliptic curve algorithm with the small key length in authentication. In addition, as this paper reduces the authentication steps of existing EAP_TLS into 6 authentication steps, the communication cost and mutual authentication time can be saved. As this paper distributes new keys, whenever authenticating users by using key exchange mechanism, it provides safe encryption communication and prevents DoS attack by controlling the users authentication request by authentication server.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.109-112
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• 2016

We demonstrated an alternative electrically controlled birefringence liquid crystal (ECB-LC) system with ion beam (IB)-irradiated yttrium gallium oxide (YGaO) alignment films using a sol-gel process. The surface roughness of the films was dependent on the annealing temperature; aggregated particles on surface were observed at lower annealing temperatures, whereas a smooth surface could be obtained with higher annealing temperatures. Higher transmittance in the visible region was observed at higher annealing temperatures. The film had an amorphous crystallographic state irrespective of the annealing temperature. Furthermore, ECB-LC cell with our IB-irradiated YGaO film yielded faster response time when compared to ECB-LC cell with rubbed polyimide. Considering the fast response time and high transmittance, the IB-irradiated YGaO-base LC system is a powerful alternative application for the liquid crystal display industry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.974-983
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• 2013

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CB1 was isolated from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soy food. B. amyloliquefaciens CB1 secretes proteases with fibrinolytic activities. A gene homologous to aprE of Bacillus subtilis, aprECB1, was cloned from B. amyloliquefaciens CB1, and DNA sequencing showed that aprECB1 can encode a prepro-type serine protease consisting of 382 amino acids. When aprECB1 was introduced into B. subtilis WB600 using an E. coli-Bacillus shuttle vector, pHY300PLK, transformants showed fibrinolytic activity and produced a 28 kDa protein, the size expected for the mature enzyme. The 28 kDa fibrinolytic enzyme was purified from the culture supernatant of B. subtilis WB600 transformant. AprECB1 was completely inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and almost completely inhibited by EDTA and EGTA, indicating that it is a serine metalloprotease. AprECB1 exhibited the highest specificity for N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide, a known substrate for ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin. $A{\alpha}$ and $B{\beta}$ chains of fibrinogen were quickly degraded by AprECB1, but the ${\gamma}$-chain was resistant.