• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2019

성장하는 증거는 소포체 (ER) 스트레스의 매개 세포 사멸이 알츠하이머병을 포함한 신경 퇴행성 질환의 병리학적 발달에 중요한 역할을 한다. 로디올라 사크라(ERS)의 에탄올 추출물은 ER 스트레스 유도제인 호모시스테인(Hcy)세포 사멸과 ER 스트레스의 신경 neuro -2A 세포를 보호할 수 있는지를 조사한다. 뉴런 세포에서 Hcy는 MTT 분석에 의해 확인된 바와 같이 세포 생존 가능성은 현저히 감소시켰고, Annexin V 양성 세포의 사멸을 유도했다. ERS로 전처리한 Hcy세포 생존력 및 세포 사멸 손실은 약화되었으며, Hcy는 C/EBP 상 동성 단백질과 78-kDa 포도당 조절 단백질의 발현 및 X-box 결합 단백질 -1 (xbp1) mRNA의 접합에 스트레스를 유도했다. ESR은 Hcy에 의해 유도된 xbp-1 mRNA 접합, GRP78 및 CHOP 세포를 감소시켜 Hcy-induced ER 스트레스 및 세포 사멸에 대한 보호를 나타내며, Western blotting 분석에 heme oxygenase-1의 발현 및 HO-1 효소 활성 억제는 hemin에 의한 세포 사멸을 감소시키는 등 신경 퇴행성 질환에 치료적 가치를 보여준다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects water extract of fermented new korean medicinal mixture, combinations of Mori Folium, Adenophorae Radix, Phllostachyos Folium and Citri Pericarpium (F-MAPC), on adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis and glucose uptake using undiffernentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myoblasts. Methods : Each herb and those mixture were respectively fermented and then extracted with water. We carried on MTT assay for check-up on cell toxicity, Oil Red O staining for determination of cell differentiation and intracelluar adipogenesis. Western blot analysis for measurement of pAMPK and pACC, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$ and Glut-4 protein expressions were performed. Results : F-MAPC showed significant inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes without affecting cell toxicity as assessed by measuring fat accumulation, and this effect was 2 fold higher in 0.2 mg/ml F-MAPC than that of the same dose of each fermented herbal extract alone. In addition, these effects were associated with modulation of adipogenic transcription factors, such as $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$, as well as stimulated phosphorylations of AMPK and ACC. Translocation of Glut-4 was significantly increased by 10.2% in L6 cells treated with 0.2 mg/ml F-MAPC compared with that of control. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that F-MAPC may be an ideal candidate for therapy of obesity and diabetes by disturbing the differentiation into adipocytes, as well as the inducement of intramuscular glucose uptake from blood.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow and other somatic tissues reside in an environment with relative low oxygen tension. Cobalt chloride ($CoCl_2$) can mimic hypoxic conditions through transcriptional changes of some genes including hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This study evaluated the potential role of $CoCl_2$ preconditioning on multi-lineage differentiation of C3H/10T1/2, a murine MSC line to understand its possible molecular mechanisms in vitro. $CoCl_2$ treatment of MSCs markedly increased HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF mRNA, and protein expression of HIF-$1{\alpha}$. Temporary preconditioning of MSCs with $CoCl_2$ induced up-regulation of osteogenic markers including alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and type I collagen during osteogenic differentiation, followed by enhanced mineralization. $CoCl_2$ also increased chondrogenic markers including aggrecan, sox9, and type II collagen, and promoted chondrocyte differentiation. $CoCl_2$ suppressed the expression of adipogenic markers including $PPAR{\gamma}$, aP2, and $C/EBP{\alpha}$, and inhibited adipogenesis. Temporary preconditioning with $CoCl_2$ could affect the multi-lineage differentiation of MSCs.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.383-394
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• 2001

The stabilization control of inverted pendulum (IP) system is difficult because of its nonlinearity and structural unstability. In this paper, an Evolving Neural Network Controller (ENNC) without Error Back Propagation (EBP) is presented. An ENNC is described simply by genetic representation using an encoding strategy for types and slope values of each active functions, biases, weights and so on. By an evolutionary programming which has three genetic operation; selection, crossover and mutation, the predetermine controller is optimally evolved by updating simultaneously the connection patterns and weights of the neural networks. The performances of the proposed ENNC(PENNC)are compared with the one of conventional optimal controller and the conventional evolving neural network controller (CENNC) through the simulation and experimental results. And we showed that the finally optimized PENNC was very useful in the stabilization control of an IP system.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2001

An artificial neural network model was developed to analyze and forecast daily steamflow flow a small watershed. Error Back propagation neural networks (EBPN) of daily rainfall and runoff data were found to have a high performance in simulating stremflow. The model adopts a gradient descent method where the momentum and adaptive learning rate concepts were employed to minimize local minima value problems and speed up the convergence of EBP method. The number of hidden nodes was optimized using Bayesian information criterion. The resulting optimal EBPN model for forecasting daily streamflow consists of three rainfall and four runoff data (Model34), and the best number of the hidden nodes were found to be 13. The proposed model simulates the daily streamflow satisfactorily by comparison compared to the observed data at the HS#3 watershed of the Baran watershed project, which is 391.8 ha and has relatively steep topography and complex land use.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2011년도 춘계학술논문집 2부
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• pp.590-593
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• 2011

본 연구는 물리치료학과 학생들을 대상으로 근거중심의 학습을 통해 학습 이해도와 성취도, 실무능력을 증진시키고자 하는 연구를 실시하였다. 과학적이고 근거중심의 단계별 수업을 이수한 1학년 대상자인 17명이 연구에 참여하였고, 남자와 여자로 구분하여 강의전, 후로 나누었다. 성별에 따른 성취도 분석과 강의 전, 후에 따른 근거중심 학습의 효용성에 관한 특성을 비교하였다. 통계처리 방법으로 실험 전 후 차이를 검증하였고, 모든 통계적 유의수준은 0.05로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과 근거중심 학습의 필요성, 학습 시너지 효과, 전문학술지 접근도에서 강의 전에 비해 후에 유의한 감소를 보였다. 향후 저학년인 1, 2학년 물리치료학과 학생들에게 흥미를 유발하고 동기를 부여하여 저널 탐색을 통한 임상 물리치료에 대한 접근도를 강화시킬 필요가 있고 이를 통해 이론중심의 수업보다 실무중심의 명확한 근거 위주의 수업을 지향해야 할 필요성이 있다고 생각한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2013

본 연구는 마우스에 고지방식이로 비만을 유도하면서 핑거루트 추출물(BPE)의 비만 억제 효과를 평가하는 것이었다. C57BL/6J 마우스를 두개의 실험군으로 나누어 8주 동안 각각 고지방식이와 고지방식이에 0.5%의 BPE를 보충한 식이를 급여하였다. BPE는 식이섭취량에는 영향을 주지 않으면서도 고지방식이군과 비교하여 유의적으로 체중증가를 줄이고, 내장지방의 축적을 억제하였다. 또한 BPE를 급여한 군은 고지방식이군과 비교하여 혈중 지질, 간지질의 축적, 혈중 렙틴 농도를 감소시켰다. RT-PCR 분석 결과, 부고환지방내에서의 $C/EBP{\alpha}$와 $PPAR{\gamma}2$의 발현수준이 고지방식이 대비 각각 1.30배와 1.16배 증가하였다. 결론적으로 BPE는 고지방식이로 유도된 비만 마우스 모델에서 내장지방의 축적을 감소시키고, 이상지질혈증 개선을 통해 항비만 효과를 나타내는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.314-323
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• 2015

본 연구는 구중구포법 과정의 흑삼 1~9포를 대상으로 열수 및 70% 에탄올 추출물의 ginsenosides을 분석한 결과 생리 활성이 높다고 판단한 흑삼 5포와 9포 열수 및 에탄올 추출물을 각각 3T3-L1 지방세포, RAW264.7 대식세포, 지방유래 줄기세포에 처치하여 세포독성, 지질축적(adipogenesis) 및 염증인자 변화를 관찰하였다. 본 연구에서는 열수 추출물보다 에탄올 추출물 흑삼에서 효율적으로 ginsenosides가 추출되었다. 또한 흑삼 에탄올 추출물이 $PPAR{\gamma}$ 및 C/$EBP{\alpha}$ 감소, AMPK의 인산화 증가 등 adipogenesis 관련인자를 억제하였으며, 아울러 염증성 사이토카인의 분비를 억제하였다. 따라서 비만 및 대사성 질환의 예방에도 잠정적으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되지만 ginsenosides와 비만과의 조절기전 연구 및 항염증성 기전 등에 대한 정확한 기전 규명이 필요하다. 현재 인삼에 함유된 ginsenosides를 이용하여 체지방 감소 등의 기능성식품으로 많이 개발되고 있는 현실을 감안해 볼 때 홍삼 및 흑삼의 제조 기술인 구증구포법의 효율적인 표준화 공정기술, 유효 생리활성 성분의 대량 생산 및 안전성 기술 등이 개발된다면 항비만에 대한 고부가 가치 상품개발이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2008

The results of recent studies indicate that high levels of free fatty acids(FFAs) and adipokines may be the main causes of non-alcoholic liver disease; however, the molecular mechanism that links FFAs to lipotoxicity remains unclear. In the present study, we treated HepG2 cells with FFA(either palmitate or oleate) to investigate the mechanisms involved in lipotoxicity in the liver cells. We also treated cells with palmitate in the presence of a chemical chaperone, 4-phenylbutyric acid(PBA), to confirm the involvement of ER stress in lipotoxicity. Palmitate significantly induced cytotoxicity in dose- and time-dependent manners. Apoptosis was also significantly induced by palmitate as measured by caspase-3 activity and DAPI staining. Palmitate led to increased expressions of the spliced form of X-box-protein(Xbp)-1 mRNA and C/EBP homologous transcription factor(CHOP) protein, suggesting activation of the unfolded-protein response. PBA co-incubation significantly attenuated apoptosis induced by palmitate. The above data demonstrate that high levels of palmitate induce apoptosis via the mediation of ER stress in the liver cells and that chemical chaperones act to modulate ER stress and accompanying apoptosis.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 2021

Objective: Cells have increased susceptibility to activation of apoptosis when suffering heat stress (HS). An effective supplementation strategy to mimic heat-induced apoptosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells (MECs) is necessary to maintain optimal milk production. This study aimed to investigate possible protective effects of the anti-apoptotic activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) against HS-induced damage of bovine MECs. Methods: Bovine MECs were pretreated with or without 5-ALA at concentrations of 10, 100, and 500 µM for 24 h followed by HS (42.5℃ for 24 h and 48 h). Cell viability was measured with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to explore the regulation of genes associated with apoptosis, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes. Results: We found that 5-ALA induces cytoprotection via inhibition of apoptosis markers after HS-induced damage. Pretreatment of bovine MECs with 5-ALA resulted in dramatic upregulation of mRNA for nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, all of which are antioxidant stress genes. Moreover, 5-ALA pretreatment significantly suppressed HS-induced ER stress-associated markers, glucose-regulated protein 78, and C/EBP homologous protein expression levels. Conclusion: 5-ALA can ameliorate the ER stress in heat stressed bovine MEC via enhancing the expression of antioxidant gene.