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http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.3.314

Anti-obesity Effects of Water and Ethanol Extracts of Black Ginseng  

Park, Hye-Jin (Research Institute of Obesity Sciences, Sungshin Women's University)
Kim, Ae-Jung (The Graduate School of Alternative Medicine, Kyonggi University)
Cheon, Yong-Pil (Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University)
Lee, Myoungsook (Research Institute of Obesity Sciences, Sungshin Women's University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.44, no.3, 2015 , pp. 314-323 More about this Journal
Abstract
Black ginseng was made by steaming raw white ginseng nine times at $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 h and drying. We then performed pilot experiments using the nine black ginseng extracts for different steaming and drying times to determine their anti-obesity effects. Two ginseng extracts, steaming and drying five times (FSFD) and steaming and drying nine times (NSND), prepared in water or ethanol solution decreased lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 cells. FSFD in water and ethanol extracts showed higher levels of ginsenosides, in particular, Rh1, Rg2, and Rb1 than NSND, and levels of the three ginsenosides were higher in ethanol extracts than in water extracts. Treatment with FSFD and/or NSND in ethanol extracts significantly regulated $PPAR{\gamma}$, C/$EBP{\alpha}$ and AMPK phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 cells. We verified doubling time of stem cells from both abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat after FSFD and NSND in ethanol and water extracts were added. Although addition of FSFD and NSFD in water extracts had no effects on proliferation, ethanol extracts with FSFD and NSND increased doubling time of stem cells in subcutaneous fat. FSFD and NSND in ethanol extracts more effectively reduced adipogenesis compared to those in water extracts. FSFD in ethanol extracts promoted secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-10 and depressed MCP-1 infiltration in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells. We concluded that FSFD and NSND ethanol extracts may be developed as a functional food for its anti-obesity effect, but anti-inflammatory effect was shown in ethanol extracted FSFD rather than in NSND.
Keywords
black ginseng; obesity; inflammation; macrophages M1 & M2 phenotypes;
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Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
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