• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Introduction : Even though Acupuncture has been know for its effect for a long time, recently it is required to verifiy its effect. To solve this, clinical trial, based on EBM, has been the way to explain acupuncture's treatment effect. Methods: Last year we had a clinical trial based on acupuncture. From this experience we came to a conclusion mentioned below. Results : 1. To find out acupuncture's effect more certainly, it is needed that Korean medical method or treatment should be connected to diagnosis. 2. We had found out that sham and minimal acupuncture are the most appropriate way in single blinding. 3. It is required for the acupuncturist to practice the right real acupuncture point and sham's point in clinical trial. 4. The most important thing to maintain the subjects from dropping out is to always be concerned to the subjects and management them. Conclusion : The best way to advance clinical trial on acupuncture is to use single blinding system with sham acupuncture together in controlled groups and most of all also needs a standardized acupuncture point and depth.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.79-91
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose was to study the market of traditional Korean medical devices and survey, list and number medical devices in traditional Korean medical clinics. Methods: we researched in three ways. 1. We investigated the list of devices regarded as traditional Korean medical devices in 'Report on production, export, and import of medical devices.' 2. We investigated the statistics of medical devices equipped in traditional Korean medical clinics through the website of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. 3. We surveyed medical devices in traditional Korean medical clinics by mail. Results: 1. We could not directly investigate the market for traditional Korean medical devices because they were not categorized as such ('traditional Korean medical devices'). 2. The number of medical devices in traditional Korean medical clinics has increased alongside the increase of traditional Korean medical clinics. 3. Traditional Korean medical clinics hold over 64,962 medical devices and have below 50 percent of traditional Korean medical diagnosis devices. 4. Meridian function testing machines, pulse diagnosis devices, and yangdorak showed ranking of equipment-ratio equal to ranking of insurance fees. Conclusions: Traditional Korean medical device regulations should be enacted following definitive and concrete Korean traditional medical concepts by the Korean traditional medical society.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.175-182
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to compare the differences between decoctions extracted by different extraction method and extraction time. Methods : Decoctions were prepared with pressed or non-pressed extraction conditions for 60, 120 and 180min. The yields of extracts, sugar contents, hydrogen ion concentrations(pH), the contents of reference compounds in Yukmijihwang-tang(Liuweidihuang-tang) were investigated. Results : The yields and the dissolved solid content containing sugar content of decoctions were more in pressed extraction method than unpressed extraction method, and they tended to be increased as extraction time increased. The pH values of decoctions methods did not show significant differences between pressed and unpressed extraction methods or extraction times. Most of reference compounds showed higher contents in pressed extraction method than unpressed extraction method and their contents were augmented according to increase of extraction time. The content of paeonol was decreased when extracted in more than 120min with pressed extraction method and tended to be decreased as extraction time increased in unpressed extraction method. Conclusions : The pressed extraction with long extraction time could be useful for decoction of Yukmijihwang-tang(Liuweidihuang-tang). However, another ingredients possible to decrease in such condition need to be considered to determine suitable extraction condition.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2011

Objectives: Recently, high attention has been drawn towards evidence based medicine(EBM). However, there is little follow study after Park's analysis research (2002) in the journal of oriental gynecology. Therefore, there is a need to conduct analyzed research on the topic, due to the increasing interest about EBM. Methods: To analyze the treatises of the journal of oriental gynecology, we examined 56 journals published from 1987 to 2010. we followed the way of Park, classifying treatises into bibliographic, experimental and clinical categories. Results: Analytic research, as a part of clinical treatises, increased rapidly from 2001. As a result, it took 53.3% of whole study in general after 2002 and it reached up to 70.0% in 2004. Most part of clinical treatises until 2002 was about case report of patients, but the amount of clinical trial started to increase since 2003. Case report and case series showed dramatic increase after 2001, and clinical trial started to increase after 2003. As a result, 43.8% of the analyzed research was due to clinical trial by 2009. Conclusions: On the base of this research, quality evaluation of clinical treatises using guality assessment tool is needed for EBM in the part of oriental obstetrics & gynecology.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2012

The refining effect of tantalum by electron beam melting(EBM) process for recycling tantalum scraps was investigated in the study. The purity of the tantalum metals refined by EBM was evaluated using glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS). From the result of GDMS, most impurities in the tantalum metals were removed by EBM down to a few mass ppm levels. The purity of the refined tantalum scraps was improved up to 5N (99.9991%) from 4 N (99.996%) of the initial tantalum scraps. The amount of metallic impurities in the tantalum was decreased from 30 ppm to 8 ppm. In addition, the gaseous impurities in the tantalum were decreased from 470 ppm to 50 ppm. Therefore a possibility of refining method for recycling tantalum scraps by EBM process was confirmed in this study.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2019

The first-arrival traveltime calculation method based on the damped wave equation overcomes the shortcomings of ray-tracing methods. Since this algorithm needs to solve the damped wave equation, numerical modeling is essential. However, it is not desirable to use the finite-difference method (FDM), which has good computational efficiency, for simulating the land seismic data because of irregular topography. Thus, the finite-element method (FEM) which requires higher computational cost than FDM has been used to correctly describe the irregular topography. In this study, we computed first-arrival traveltimes in an irregular topographic model using FDM incorporating embedded boundary method (EBM) to overcome this problem. To verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm, we compared our results with those of FEM. As a result, the proposed method using EBM not only provided the same accuracy as the FEM but also showed the improved computational efficiency.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.43-52
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• 2003

Two methods which estimate manoeuvring derivatives in the model of hydrodynamic force and moment acting on a manoeuvring ship using sea trial data were compared. One is the widely used parameter estimation method by using the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), which estimates state variables of linearized state space model at every instant after dealing with the coefficients as the augmented state variables. The other one is the Estimation-Before-Modeling (EBM) technique, so called the two-step method. In the first step, hydrodynamic force of which dynamic model is assumed the third-order Gauss-Markov process is estimated along with motion variables by the EKF and the modified Bryson-Frazier smoother. Then, in the next step, manoeuvring derivatives are identified through the regression analysis. If the exact structure of hydrodynamic force could be known, which was an ideal case, the EKF method would be regarded as being more superior compared to the EBM technique. However the EBM technique was more robust than the EKF method from a realistic point of view where the assumed model structure was slightly different from the real one.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 2012

Objectives: To undertake manpower-related improvements based on a comparison between specialists in the traditional Korean medicine hospitals(TKMH) and their counterparts in Western medicine Methods: A survey of the TKMH based on questionnaire sheets dispatched to them by mail(57 of 142 responded) in the June December, 2008 period, and on almanac statistics provided by the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs of Korean Government. Results: Overall, the workforce engaged in the traditional Korean medicine hospitals comprises traditional Korean medical doctors(28%), nurses(23%), administrative staffs(19%), assistant nurses(9%), medical record keepers(2%), nutritionists(2%), herbal pharmacists(1%), and others(16%). Each hospital has 16.5 traditional Korean medical doctors on average, which can be broken down into 6.2 specialists, 1.3 generalists, and 9.3 residents/interns. Only 10.7% of whole of traditional Korean medical doctors work in the hospitals, compared to 54.5% of Western medicine doctors. The ratio of traditional Korean medical doctors to the entirety of employees in the TKMH is 2.5 times higher than their Western medicine counterparts, while the ratio of medical technicians to the entire employees in the TKMH is 20 times lower than in the Western medicine counterparts. Conclusions: To provide more qualified medical service in the TKMH, they will be required to increase the proportion of non medical doctor employees, like Western medicine counterparts.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.8-15
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• 2010

Objectives: We investigated to develop and validate HPLC-PDA methods for simultaneous determination of eight constituents in Galgeun-tang (GGT). Methods: Reverse-phase chromatography using a Gemini C18 column operating at $40^{\circ}C$, and photodiode array (PDA) detection at 230 nm, 254 nm, and 280 nm, were used for quantification of the eight marker components of GGT. The mobile phase using a gradient flow consisted of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. Results: Calibration curves were acquired with $r^2$ > 0.9999, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values (%) for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 3.0%. The recovery rate of each component was in the range of 87.33-101.38%, with an RSD less than 7.0%. The contents of the eight components in GGT were 1.98-12.17 mg/g. Conclusions: The established method will be applied for the quantification of marker components in GGT.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 2010

Objective : There is a growing need to expand or adjust insurance coverage of herbal prescriptions in National Health Insurance. The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for expansions or adjustments of 56 herbal prescriptions in the National Health Insurance. Method : We surveyed lists of 56 insurance-covered herbal prescriptions, non-covered company-produced herbal medicines and self-prepared herbal medicines in 531 traditional korean medical clinics by mail from 6/1/2008 to 12/9/2008. Result : Among the 56 Prescriptions, Ojeok-san was stocked in 66.7% of clinics (1st), Samso-eum ranked 2nd, Socheongnyong-tang ranked 3rd, Gumiganghwal-tang was 4th, Hyangsapyeongwi-san ranked 5th. Among the non-covered company-produced herbal medicines, Danggwisu-san ranked 1st, Gwakyangjeonggi-san ranked 2nd, Oryeong-san was 3rd, Bangpungtongseong-san was 4th, Maengmundong-tang ranked 5th. Among the self-prepared herbal medicines, Gongjin-dan ranked 1st, Soche-hwan was 2nd, Gyejibongnyeong-hwan was 3rd, Yeongsin-hwan was 4th, Palmi-hwan ranked 5th. Conclusions : It is reasonable to select frequently used company-produced or self-prepared herbal prescriptions in this stock rate survey for improvement of National Health Insurance coverage.