• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.38
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• pp.46.1-46.7
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• 2016

Background: Osteoradionecrosis is the most dreadful complication after head and neck irradiation. Orocutaneous fistula makes patients difficult to eat food. Fibular free flap is the choice of the flap for mandibular reconstruction. Osteocutaneous flap can reconstruct both hard and soft tissues simultaneously. This study was to investigate the success rate and results of the free fibular flap for osteoradionecrosis of the mandible and which side of the flap should be harvested for better reconstruction. Methods: A total of eight consecutive patients who underwent fibula reconstruction due to jaw necrosis from March 2008 to December 2015 were included in this study. Patients were classified according to stages, primary sites, radiation dose, survival, and quality of life. Results: Five male and three female patients underwent operation. The mean age of the patients was 60.1 years old. Two male patients died of recurred disease of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The mean dose of radiation was 70.5 Gy. All fibular free flaps were survived. Five patients could eat normal diet after operation; however, three patients could eat only soft diet due to loss of teeth. Five patients reported no change of speech after operation, two reported worse speech ability, and one patient reported improved speech after operation. The ipsilateral side of the fibular flap was used when intraoral soft tissue defect with proximal side of the vascular pedicle is required. The contralateral side of the fibular flap was used when extraoral skin defect with proximal side of the vascular pedicle is required. Conclusions: Osteonecrosis of the jaw is hard to treat because of poor healing process and lack of vascularity. Free fibular flap is the choice of the surgery for jaw bone reconstruction and soft tissue fistula repair. The design and selection of the right or left fibular is dependent on the available vascular pedicle and soft tissue defect sites.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.47-61
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• 2005

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between consumption of sweet drinks and foods with accompanying oral hygiene health behaviors, and their condition of oral hygiene rural residents who are expected to have relatively poor oral hygiene compared to their urban counterparts. Methods: The 384 subjects, who are aged over 40 and have taken dental examination by dentists in health branches in 6 Myouns, Kongju city, Chungchongnamdo Province during the period between June 1st through 31st, 2004, were asked about dental health behaviors and subjective symptoms using questionnaires. Results and Conclusions: Based on dental health behavior according to sweet beverage and food, the dental health behavior was desirable in both sexes for 'almost daily drink' concerning sweet beverages and 'almost never eat' concerning sweet food, with no statistical significance. As for oral conditions, the groups who responded to 'almost daily drink/eat' for sweet beverages and food had the highest rate of non-treated teeth, lost teeth, DMFT and CPITN, with no statistical significance. Multiple logistic regression analysis with the consumption frequency of sweet foods as explanatory variables and 5 factors of oral conditions as dependent variables, revealed that there was no statistical significance in the oral conditions according to the consumption frequency of sweet drinks while, as for sweet drinks, there was a significant difference to the group who answered as 'occasional gum bleeding' in the case of 'almost daily eat.' responders(OR= 2.33, 95% CI=1.42-3.81, p<0.05).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.252-257
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• 2013

In this study the automated technique TEMPO STA method, a new automated enumeration based on MPN method, was compared to the direct plate count method by testing various ready-to-eat compound food products. Artificially inoculated food samples with Staphylococcus aureus - Bibimbap, Bibimnaengmyeon, Mulnaengmyeon, Kimmaki, Salad, Japchae, and Sushi- were tested. Statistical analysis of the results showed above 99% in agreement between the two enumeration methods. Also, we monitored 466 various ready-to-eat compound food products samples. The measure uncertainties of the two methods is also familiar, while TEMPO STA automated method is simpler, less time-consuming, more effective and more stable.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 2009

The average sodium intake of Koreans was reported to be 5,279.9 mg/day, which is one of the highest intake levels worldwide. The average Koreans intake 19.6% of sodium from kimchi, showing kimchi as the main contributor of sodium in this country (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2005). The sodium content of dishes that are frequently chosen by workers, and which were served by foodservice cafeterias were chemically analyzed. The average sodium content of one meal provided by 10 foodservice cafeterias was 2,777.7 mg. Twenty-one, one-dish-meals, frequently chosen by workers for a lunch menu, were collected at 4 different restaurants for each menu by one male, aged in the twenties and analyzed chemically also. Workers who eat lunch at a workplace cafeteria everyday could intake about 8 g of salt at a one-time meal and those who eat out for a one-dish-meal would intake 3-8 g of salt without counting sodium content from the side dishes. From these study results, one could estimate that over 10 g of salt could be possible for a single meal for workers who eat out everyday. A nationwide nutrition campaign and education for low salt diets for restaurant owners and foodservice providers should be seriously considered.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2004

The study purpose was to investigate the factors related to fast food consumption of university students. Factors were identified using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Based on the pilot study, 18 behavioral beliefs, 7 normative beliefs and 19 control beliefs were identified. Data (n = 269) were analyzed using analysis of variance or $X^2$,/TEX> tests. Subjects were categorized into non-users (27.9%), users (42%) and frequent users ( $\geq$ 2 times/week, 30.1%). Regarding behavioral beliefs, users or frequent users responded more positively on advantages of eating fast foods including ‘taste’ (p < 0.001), ‘making me feel full’(p < 0.001), ‘diverse menus’(p < 0.05) than non-users. Compared to users, non-users responded more positively on the item that eating fast foods leads to eat vegetables less (p < 0.05), and negatively on ‘making me eat more salt’(p < 0.05). Most of the referent groups, parents (p < 0.001), sisters/brothers (p < 0.01), relatives (p < 0.01), friends (p < 0.05), boy/girl friends (p < 0.05) were important sources of influence regarding subjects' fast food consumption. Users or frequent users felt less control over factors or situations that make it consume fast foods (9 out of 19 control beliefs). These factors included; availability issues (p < 0.001), ‘not having other foods on hand’(p < 0.01), ‘others eating together like fast foods’, ‘convenience’, ‘social increase in fast food use’, ‘easy to get fast foods anytime’(p < 0.05). In addition, users of fast foods were more likely to eat fast foods when they don't have time, when they do not like to cook, when they feel hungry (p < 0.05). These results suggest that interventions for university students include strategies to moderate fast food use by modifying behavioral beliefs, suggesting alternative menus and behavior modification techniques, increasing perception of control, and eliciting social support.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.198-212
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• 2001

This study was designed to compare the prevalence rate of obesity, food attitude, food frequency and food habits between children in Kangnung and Seoul areas. 1,005 children aged 9-12 were included in this study. They were composed of 343 children living in Kangnung from one elementary school, and 662 children in Seoul from two elementary schools. The body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences of children were measured and food frequency scores of Korean and Western foods were examined by questionnaire. And questionnaires about food attitude, food habits and life style were administered to the mother of each child. There was no significant difference in body weight and obesity index among three groups(one school of Kangnung area and two schools of Seoul area). The male children\`s prevalence rates of obesity in Kangnung and two schools(A, B) of Seoul were 10.3%, 10.3% and 7.3%, respectively. Female children\`s prevalence rate were 5.4%, 4.7%, and 6.3%, respectively. Children in Seoul turned out to more frequently eat such Korean foods like pulkogi, kalbi and fried rice and such western foods like butter, margarine, hamburger, pizza, and fried chicken. Children in Seoul had more tendency to eat regularly and spent less time in sleeping and watching TV and more time in exercise than the respondents in Kangnung. The obesity index of parents had a significantly positive correlation with that of children. These results suggest that children in Seoul have tendency to eat high-energy food frequently and to have more energy expenditure than children in Kangnung. In conclusion, further studies on the evaluation of energy intake and energy expenditure of obese and normal children different in area should be conducted. (Korean J Nutrition 34(1) : 198∼212, 2001)

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2005

To examine the eating attitudes, weight concerns, dietary intake, and menstrual function of Korean female elite athletes, 109 subjects in seven sports disciplines (rhythmic gymnastics, synchronized swimming, badminton, volleyball, Taekwondo, field hockey, and soccer) responded to a questionnaire consisted of three parts; eating attitudes and behavior(Eating Attitude Test-26; EAT26), body weight perception (Body Dissatisfaction Index: BDI) and weight control behavior, and menstrual history and status. They also recorded three-day dietary intake. Body weight (43.6$\pm$4.3 kg) and body mass index (16.7$\pm$1.4 kg/$m^2$) in rhythmic gymnasts were lower than those in other athletes (P<0.05). EAT26 scores were not different among sport events (12.3$\pm$6.5 total), however, eating disturbances (EAT26 score$\geq$20) were highly prevalent in aesthetic athletes ($30\%$) than in others ($5\%$). More than half of the athletes perceived themselves overweight and four fifth of the athletes desired to reduce weight about 4.4 kg. The gymnasts consumed the lowest caloric intake (1028:t371) while the volleyball players did the highest (2995$\pm$342 kcal/d) (P<0.05). The BDI score was not different among sport events. Three fourth of the athletes experienced weight control, and the most frequently used weight reduction method was exercise followed by using robber suits, diet, and sauna. About $40\%$ of the subjects reported irregular menstrual cycles, but menstrual dysfunction ($\leq$6 menses/yr) was only $5\%$. Generally, the Korean female elite athletes desired to reduce weight from their current body weight. No differences in eating attitude and body dissatisfaction were noticed among athletic disciplines. However, eating disturbances were highly prevalent in aesthetic athletes who also reported much less energy intake than the recommend daily energy intake. It appeared that weight reduction methods were not properly practiced in these population. Menstrual dysfunction was minimally reported.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the eating out behaviors of adults in Jeonju area. A total of 500 adults were surveyed by questionnaires during January 2004. The subjects were aged 20 to over 50 years, and were classified into 4 groups (age $20{\sim}29,\;30{\sim}39,\;40{\sim}49$, and over 50). The data were analyzed using the SPSS 10.0 program. The results are summarized as follows: 78.2% of adults aged 50 and over answered they are 'eats three meals every day' (p<0.05). Breakfast was skipped in 73.3% of $20{\sim}29$ age group(p<0.001). As the age goes up, three meals and breakfast ratio were high. The highest frequency to dine out with a subjects were 2 or 3times a month(31.2%). About 40% of the $30{\sim}39$ age group spent daily $20,000{\sim}30,000$ Won for eating out. Korean foods were the most preferred menu for eating out in $40{\sim}49$ age group(p<0.001). Taste of food was the most important factor in selecting the menu (57.2%). Major source of restaurant information was recommendation by friends or relatives in $20{\sim}29$ age group(p<0.001). Dinner eat out was most frequent(45%) and lunch eat out on dinner eat out was 29%. Especially, 65.8% of $30{\sim}39$ age group was highest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.694-699
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• 2004

To evaluate combined effect of gamma irradiation and rosemary extract powder, hamburger steak was treated with 200 or 500 ppm of rosemary extract powder, or 200 ppm of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), gamma irradiation at the absorbed doses of 5, 10 and 20 k㏉, and stored at 5$^{\circ}C$ for 3 months. The content of TBARS of irradiated ready-to-eat hamburger steak after gamma irradiation was in order of : Control＞Rosemary 200＞BHA＞Rosemary 500. Gamma irradiation accelerated lipid oxidation and decreased sensory qualify. However, the combined treatment of the addition of rosemary extract powder and irradiation was helpful for retarding the oxidation process and improving tie sensory characteristics during storage. Gamma irradiation decreased hardness and increased redness (a value) of ready-to-eat hamburger steak.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.136-146
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• 2013

The trend of increasing consumption of less nutritious foods makes the college years a critical period to enlighten young adults regarding healthy living, nutrition knowledge, and physical activity. This current study aims (a) to examine the influence of confidence in nutrition knowledge on college students' health-related behavioral intentions, and (b) to investigate the moderating effect of gender on relationship between confidence in nutrition knowledge and college students' health-related behavioral intentions. The results provide empirical evidence of college students' health behaviors showing that confidence in nutrition knowledge leads to an increase in behavioral intention to eat healthy food and to involve in physical activities. Also, the greater influence of confidence in nutrition knowledge on behavioral intention to eat healthy food is found among females students than male students. This study contributes to university foodservice literature and operators by providing useful information.