• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2018

Purpose: This study assessed the feasibility of near-infrared (NIR) imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) in investigating the completeness of laparoscopic lymph node (LN) dissection for gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Patients scheduled for laparoscopic gastrectomy for treating gastric cancer were enrolled in the study. After intraoperative submucosal ICG injection (0.05 mg/mL), LN dissection was performed under conventional laparoscopic light. After dissection, the LN stations of interest were examined under the NIR mode to locate any extra ICG-stained (E) tissues, which were excised and sent for pathologic confirmation. This technique was tested in 2 steps: infra-pyloric LN dissection (step 1) and review of all stations after proper radical node dissection (step 2). Results: In step 1, 15 patients who underwent laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (LPPG) and 15 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) were examined. Seven and 2 E-tissues were obtained during LPPG and LDG, respectively. From the retrieved E-tissues, 1 and 0 tissue obtained during LPPG and LDG, respectively, was confirmed as LN. In step 2, 20 patients were enrolled (13 D1+ dissection and 7 D2 dissection). Six E-tissues were retrieved from 5 patients, and 1 tissue was confirmed as LN in the pathologic review. Overall, 15 E-tissues were detected and removed, and 2 tissues were confirmed as LNs in the pathologic review. Both nodes were from LN station #6, with 1 case each in the LDG and LPPG groups. Conclusions: NIR imaging may provide additional node detection during laparoscopic LN dissection for gastric cancer, especially in the infra-pyloric area.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.161-171
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• 1999

Background: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can induce antitumor effects in vivo. This antitumor effect is associated with T cell infiltration but the effect of IL-12 on the steps of T cell migration into the tumor tissue has not been fully elucidated. This study focused on the effect of IL-12 on the tumor growth and the metastasis and on the expression of E-selectin, an adhesion molecule which is activated endothelial specific in its expression. In addition, we studied whether the expression of E-selectin is associated with the TNF-$\alpha$, a cytokine that its production is increased by IL-12 and has functions inducing a variety of adhesion molecules. Methods: Mice of C57BL/6 strain were injected with Lewis lung cancer cells followed by either IL-12, TNF-$\alpha$, or normal saline by intraperitoneal route. Twenty eight days after tumor cell inoculation, metastatic nodules of lung were enumerated and immunohistochemical staining of the subcutaneous tumors were performed with monoclonal antibodies to CD4, CD8, CD16, and E-selectin. In IL-12 treated mice, the subcutaneously implanted Lewis lung tumors were decreased in size and the metastases were also decreased in number compared to control mice. On tumor tissues, increased infiltration of CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+ cells were oberved in IL-12 treated mice compared to control mice. In control mice, E-selectin was absent on tumor vessels, but the expression of E-selectin was increased on tumor vessels of IL-12 treated mice. Administration of TNF-$\alpha$ increased not only the expression of E-selectin but also infiltrations of CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+ cells on tumor tissues. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that IL-12 inhibits tumor growth and metastases through infiltrations of inflammatory cells in mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma and E-selectin may playa role in inflammatory cell recruitment on tumor tissue following IL-12 administration. Also, TNF-$\alpha$ may have a role as a mediator responsible for the IL-12 induced expression of E-selectin.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2009

The pork from black-coated pigs is famous among-consumers for better eating quality. The loci affecting black coat color was identified in pig chromosome 6 in which several genetic effects on pork quality have been reported. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene is a major gene which plays a key role in regulation of eumelanin (black/brown) and phaeomelanin (red/yellow). In this study, the MC1R gene polymorphism was analyzed for pig breed determination and genetic association with pork quality traits. MC1R Ala243Thr variation was analyzed to determine a specific genotype for four commercial pig breeds (Landrace, Yorkshire, Berkshire and, Duroc) and a Korean native pigs (KNP). Then we developed original KNP-specific DNA markers to determine the pork from black-coated pigs using MC1R DNA sequences. The total length of the MC1R coding sequence ranged 1451bp in KNP. KNP had the 0201 allele pertaining to $E^{D1}$ but some of the KNP had the $E^P$ allele, probably reflecting the geneticintrogression of $E^P$ allele into KNP. Furthermore, a relationship between Leu102Pro single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype and pork quality phenotype were analyzed in F2 reciprocal-crossbred population between KNP and Yorkshire. Association analysis indicated that the allele of the MC1R gene has no effect on pork quality. These results suggest that black coat-color is not directly associated with preferred pork quality, but the black-coat color pig breed may have other genetic components for superior pork quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.172-175
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• 2001

이 연구에서는 5개의 시추공에 대한 양수시험을 실시하여 대수층의 수리학적 이방성과 지하수의 주 유동방향을 규명하고자 하였다. 코아검층 및 초음파주사검층을 통해 각각의 공에 대한 균열방향을 결정하고 이를 토대로 통합해본 결과 크게 세 방향의 균열군이 집중성을 보였다. 가장 빈도가 높은 균열의 방향은 N0$^{\circ}$~40$^{\circ}$E/30$^{\circ}$~50$^{\circ}$SE 그리고 N30$^{\circ}$~ 80 $^{\circ}$W/20$^{\circ}$~50$^{\circ}$ NE이 방향이 함께 나타났으며 두 번째 균열의 방향은 N0$^{\circ}$ ~50$^{\circ}$E/60$^{\circ}$ ~80$^{\circ}$NW로 나타났다. 세 번째 방향은 N30$^{\circ}$~50 $^{\circ}$W/70$^{\circ}$~80$^{\circ}$SW방향의 균열로 구성된다. 이처럼 지표하에서는 크게 세 방향의 균열이 다른 방향을 보이는 균열에 비해 상대적으로 큰 빈도를 가지며 발달하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 대수층이 이방성이고 균질하다는 가정하에 양수시험을 실시하여 각각의 공에 대한 최대 투수량계수 ( $T_{{\varepsilon}{\varepsilon}}$)와 최소 투수량계수 ( $T_{ηη}$)값을 산출하고 주 텐서방향 ($\theta$)을 결정하였다. 그 결과 BH-1, BH-4, BH=5공을 제외한 BH-2, BH-3호공에서의 이방성 투수량계수텐서값은 이 논문의 가정인 대수층이 이방성이고 균질하다는 가정에 일치하지 않았다. 따라서 원형좌표계에 도시하였을 때 다른 공에 비해서 비균질성이 심한 결과로 인해 이방성타원체 에서 많이 벗어남을 보였다. 이로인해 3개의 공 BH-1, BH-4, BH-5호공을 사용하여 대수층의 이방성을 분석하여 보았다. BH-1호공에서의 $T_{{\varepsilon}{\varepsilon}}$는 171.90 $m^2$/day, $T_{ηη}$는 71.0l $m^2$/day이고 주 텐서방향은 Nl5.39$^{\circ}$ E로 나타났다. BH-4호공의 $T_{{\varepsilon}{\varepsilon}}$는 268.20 $m^2$/day, $T_{ηη}$는 28.75 $m^2$/day이고 주 텐서방향은 N7.55$^{\circ}$E이며 BH-5호공에서의 $T_{{\varepsilon}{\varepsilon}}$는 168.40 $m^2$/day, $T_{ηη}$는 66.80 $m^2$/day이고 주 텐서방향은 N76.59$^{\circ}$E로 나타났다. 이처럼 연구지역에서의 각각의 공에 대한 투수량계수텐서는 서로 다르게 나타났으며 이에 따른 주 텐서방향도 서로 다름을 알 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2010

The catabolic threonine dehydratase from Serratia marcescens ATCC 25419 was purified to homogeniety using Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and AMP-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was 120,000 by native pore gradient PAGE. The enzyme was composed of four identical subunits with subunit molecular weights of 30,000 by SDS-PAGE. The Km values of the enzyme for L-threonine with and without AMP were 7.3 and 92 mM, respectively. There were 2 moles of pyridoxal phosphate and 16 moles of free -SH groups per 1 mole of enzyme. The enzyme was inhibited by $\alpha$-ketobutyrate, pyruvate, glyoxylate, and phosphoenol pyruvate(PEP) in the presence of AMP, yet stimulated by cAMP and ADP. For enzyme properties in comparison with S. marcescens, E. coli, and S. typhimurium enzyme, such as the PLP content, number of free sulfhydryl groups, and existence of ADP binding site, the S. marcescens enzyme was more similar to the S. typhimurium enzyme than the E. coli enzyme. Of the three enteric bacteria, the E. coli and S. typhimurium enzyme was increased the activity by ADP and cAMP, respectively, but only the S. marcescens enzyme was increased the activity by both ADP and cAMP. Therefore, the subtle differences in the properties between enzymes from the three enteric bacteria may represent minor structural differences among these enzymes and warrants further study.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2007

We report the magneto-transport properties of an individual single crystalline Bi nanowire grown by a spontaneous growth method. We have successfully fabricated a four-terminal device based on an individual 400-nm-diameter nanowire using plasma etching technique to remove an oxide layer forming on the outer surface of the nanowire. The transverse MR (2496% at 110 K) and longitudinal MR ratios (38% at 2 K) for the Bi nanowire were found to be the largest known values in Bi nanowires. This result demonstrates that the Bi nanowires grown by the spontaneous growth method are the highest-quality single crystalline in the literatures ever reported. We find that temperature dependence of Fermi energy ($E_F$) and band overlap (${\triangle}_0$) leads to the imbalance between electron concentration ($n_e$) and hole concentration ($n_h$) in the Bi nanowire, which is good agreement with the calculated $n_e\;and\;n_h$ from the respective density of states, N(E), for electrons and holes. We also find that the imbalance of $n_e\;and\;n_h$ plays a crucial role in determining magnetoresistance (MR) at T<75 K for $R_T$ and at T<205 K for $R_L$, while mean-free path is responsible for MR at T>75 K for $R_T$ and T>205 K for $R_L$.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.153-171
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• 2008

Center of labor power was moved from physical labor to knowledge labor on modern knowledge society comparing with past industrial age, but dramatic result is not appearing in knowledge worker's productivity. "Peter F. Drucker" called "father of modern business management" is essential factor of knowledge labor based on expert, performance, concentration, own administration official, second half of life. And studied about task, reform, autonomy, education, quality, relation of information communication that is knowledge worker's productivity determinant factor. As research result, was expose that relativity is high by performance>concentration>own administration official>expert, second half of life in essential factor of knowledge labor. Specially, all productivity determinants and effect factor were performance by result to knowledge worker. Therefore, knowledge worker can expect formation's target and performance though search and practical use of continuous information are achieved in own field.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.151-171
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• 2012

In applying RFID/USN technology to various industries, it is needed to solve the problem caused by the system differences. Accordingly, this study introduces the common standard platform concept, and suggests the standard data scheme which provides the uniform perspective of classifying supply chain data and of using vocabularies. We selected several industry areas applicable for the platform, which are pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food and liquor industry. We collect and organize terminologies used in the supply chain of each industry, and then classify them according to the defined data attributes. The standardized vocabularies are suggested based on the contextured scheme of data classification. This study could provide more convenient way of communication between business partners, system developers and users of the platform.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2011

Because Japanese cedar shows lower mechanical performance, glued-laminated timber (glulam) can be a better way to utilize Japanese cedar for structural purpose. However, low yield of higher grade lamination from log makes it difficult to design structural glulam. This study was aimed to increase the yield of higher grade lamination and provide higher efficiency of manufacturing structural lamination by ultrasonic log sorting technology. Logs were sorted by an existing log grading rule regulated by Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI). It was found that the KFRI log grading rule contributed to finding better logs in viewpoint of the volumetric yield and it can reduce the number of rejected lumber by visual grading. However, it could not identify better logs to produce higher-grade products. To find an appropriate log-sorting-method for structural products, log diameter and ultrasonic time of flight (TOF) for the log were considered as factors to affect mechanical performance of resulting products. However, it was found that influence of log diameter on mechanical performance of resulting products was very small. The TOF showed a possibility to sort logs by mechanical performance of resulting products even though a coefficient of correlation was not strong (R = 0.6). In a case study, the log selection based on the ultrasonic TOF of the log increased the yield of the outermost tension lamination (E8 or better grade, KS F 3021) from 2.6% to 12.5% and reduced LTE5 (lower than E5 grade) lamination from 43.6% to 10.3%, compared with the existing KFRI log grading rule.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제30권1_2호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2012

We consider the fourth-order differential equation with one-dimensional $p$-Laplacian (${\phi}_p(x^{\prime\prime}(t)))^{\prime\prime}=f(t,x(t),x^{\prime}(t),x^{\prime\prime}(t)$) a.e. $t{\in}[0,1]$, subject to the boundary conditions $x^{\prime\prime}}(0)=0$, $({\phi}_p(x^{\prime\prime}(t)))^{\prime}{\mid}_{t=0}=0$, $x(0)={\sum}_{i=1}^n{\mu}_ix({\xi}_i)$, $x(t)=x(1-t)$, $t{\in}[0,1]$, where ${\phi}_p(s)={\mid}s{\mid}^{p-2}s$, $p$ > 1, 0 < ${\xi}_1$ < ${\xi}_2$ < ${\cdots}$ < ${\xi}_n$ < $\frac{1}{2}$, ${\mu}_i{\in}\mathbb{R}$, $i=1$, 2, ${\cdots}$, $n$, ${\sum}_{i=1}^n{\mu}_i=1$ and $f:[0,1]{\times}\mathbb{R}^3{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}$ is a $L^1$-Carath$\acute{e}$odory function with $f(t,u,v,w)=f(1-t,u,-v,w)$ for $(t,u,v,w){\in}[0,1]{\times}\mathbb{R}^3$. We obtain the existence of at least one nonconstant symmetric solution by applying an extension of Mawhin's continuation theorem due to Ge. Furthermore, an example is given to illustrate the results.