• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.8A
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• pp.790-797
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• 2006

IEEE 802.16e specifies two different power saving modes(PSM). One is sleep mode and the other is idle mode. These modes are different in that whether a mobile node maintains its state information with the serving base station or not. This difference results in different efficiency in consuming battery power of a mobile terminal. Therefore, it becomes important to analyze the performance of each power saving mode considering the parameters affecting the power consumption. In this paper, we propose a performance modeling framework of sleep mode and idle mode in terms of power saving efficiency. The analytical results are verified by computer simulations that idle mode is superior to sleep mode in power consumption of mobile node.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.453-453
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• 2007

Electrodeless fluorescent lamp exhibit two modes of operation: a low density mode in which the power is capacitively coupled to the plasma and which is known as the E-mode, and a higher density mode which is an inductive discharge known as the H-mode. The transition between these two(E to H) mode exhibits hysteresis. It is observed that transition currents change at different frequencies and hysteresis exists not only between the starting and minimum maintaining currents of the electromagnetic mode (H mode) discharge but also between the starting and minimum maintaining currents of the electrostatic mode (E mode) discharge. Hysteresis effect can be important role in dimming system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.89-95
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• 2016

S-Mode is a concept involving a standardized navigation display with accompanying standardized functionality and interfaces for navigational equipment. It was proposed by the International Federation of Shipmasters' Associations at IMO NAV $54^{th}$ session in 2008. The IMO e-Navigation Strategy Implementation Plan(SIP) addresses, S-Mode and the IMO MSC at its $95^{th}$ session in 2015 approved an output 1 to develop S-Mode guidance. In this study, it has been carried out survey of user needs for adopting S-Mode guideline on ECDIS which is core navigational equipment. It is conducted with a questionnaire survey, targeting deck officers and masters who will be the primary users of the equipment related to the e-Navigation system. In this research, users' opinion survey regarding the necessity of development, the scope of standardization, and priorities was conducted. This survey result could be contributed to development S-Mode guideline and specify the concept of S-Mode. It would be derived from standardizing component through providing elements to be considered for its development.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.1560-1561
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• 2007

Electrodeless fluorescent lamp exhibit two modes of operation : a low density mode in which the power is capacitively coupled to the plasma and which is known as the E-mode, and a higher density mode which is an inductive discharge known as the H-mode. The transition between these two(E to H) mode exhibits hysteresis. It is observed that transition currents change at different frequencies and hysteresis exists not only between the starting and minimum maintaining currents of the electromagnetic mode (H mode) discharge but also between the starting and minimum maintaining currents of the electrostatic mode (E mode) discharge. Hysteresis effect can be important role in dimming system.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose a sliding mode controller for a robot manipulator with passive joints. A robot manipulator with passive joints which are not equipped with any actuators is a kind of underactuated system. Underactuated systems have some advantages compared to fully-actuated ones. For example, they weigh less and consume less energy because they have smaller number of components than fully-actuated ones. However the control of an underactuated manipulator is much more difficult than that of fully- actuated robot manipulator. In this paper a complex dynamic model of a manipulator with passive joints is manipulated for sliding mode control. Sliding mode controllers are designed for this complex system and the stability of the controllers is proved mathematically. Finally a simulation for this control system is executed for evaluating the effectiveness of the designed sliding mode controller.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.439-439
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• 2010

다양한 가스 방전에서의 전자에너지 분포함수 측정을 통하여 E-H mode 전이에 대한 연구를 하였다. 단원자 가스 방전에서는, 압력이 증가함에 따라 E-mode에서 H-mode로의 전이를 위한 인가 파워는 크게 바뀌지 않았다. 하지만, 다원자 가스에서는 압력이 증가함에 따라 상당히 높은 인가 파워가 필요하였다. 이것은 다원자 가스에서 압력이 증가함에 따라, 해리, 진동 및 회절 운동, 그리고 음이온 생성으로 인한 플라즈마 밀도의 감소에 의한 것이다. 그에 따라, H-mode 전이를 위한 충분한 플라즈마 밀도를 생성하기 위해서 더 큰 인가 파워가 필요하게 된다. 이러한 연구는 혼합가스에서도 측정하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.89-99
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• 2007

In this paper, an analytic model of a sleep mode operation in the IEEE 802.16e is investigated. A mobile subscriber station(MSS) goes to sleep mode after negotiations with the base station(BS) and wakes up periodically for a short interval to check whether there is downlink traffic to it. If the arrival of traffic is notified, an MSS returns to wake mode. Otherwise, it again enters increased sleep interval which is double as the previous one. In order to consider the situation more practically, we propose the sleep mode starting threshold, during which MSS should await packets before it enters the sleep mode. By modifying the M/G/l with multiple vacations model, energy consumption ratio(ECR) and average packet response time are calculated. Our analytic model provides potential guidance in determining the optimal parameters values such as sleep mode starting threshold, minimal sleep and maximal sleep window.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.311-316
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• 2005

The power saving mechanism of IEEE 802.16e operates in two modes; awake mode and sleep mode. While the user terminal transmits and receives packets in awake mode, it sleeps for a given interval to save the power consumption in sleep mode. The IEEE 802.16e specifies that the user terminal increases the sleep interval exponentially unless it has to wake up. In this paper, we analyze the performance of IEEE 802.16e power saving mechanism by considering down link traffic conditions. With the extensive simulations, we observe the trade-off between the power saving performance and the average packet delay. In addition, we observe that various performance parameters of IEEE 802.16e power saving mechanism are affected by the traffic patterns.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.30-47
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• 2006

La $d\'{e}marche$ et l'objet de cette recherche sont d'analyser, psychiquement, $th\'{e}oriquement$, les marques de $l'intersexualit\'{e}$ $pr\'{e}sentent$ en Orient et les $\'{e}l\'{e}ments$ intersexuels, binaires dans le $v\hat{e}tement$, et $\'{e}galement$ de comprendre $l'ambiguit\'{e}$ ou encore la fusion des $identit\'{e}s$ $sexu\'{e}es$, qui $pr\'{e}sente$ symboliquement a travers le $v\hat{e}tement$, dans la $soci\'{e}t\'{e}$ moderne. La base fondamentale dans la $th\'{e}orie$ de l'Orient est que l'univers se divise en Yin ($caract\`{e}re\;f\'{e}minin$) et Yang ($caract\`{e}re$ masculin) et que tout individu $poss\`{e}de$ $\'{e}galement$ ce couple, en quelque sorte un intersexuel qui s'ignore, avec des variations selon l'individu. En $d\'{e}finitive$, les compositions doubles des $\'{e}l\'{e}ments$ dans le $v\hat{e}tement$ oriental montraient $embl\'{e}matiquement$ nos $qualit\'{e}s$ doubles, masculins et $f\'{e}minins$, et les trois $\'{e}l\'{e}ments$ semblent primordiaux pour $l'\'{e}lucidation$ de la $pr\'{e}disposition$ du porteur : la couleur du tissu, sa forme et la texture du $v\hat{e}tement$. La mode d'auiourd'hui oscille entre masculin et $f\hat{e}minin$. Cette fusion de la mode semble le reflet d'une tendance intersexuelle et d'une fusion du genre. Ainsi, cette recherche est, $\grave{a}$ travers $l'\'{e}l\'{e}ment$ masculin ou $f\'{e}minin$ des $v\hat{e}tements$, pour tenter de discerner lesprit, l'intention et le $caract\`{e}re$ sexuel dominant du porteur.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.3A
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• pp.221-229
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose and analyze the optimized sleep mode for a mobile node (MN) in IEEE 802.16e wireless metropolitan area networks. Because a MN in a sleep mode specified in 802.16e specification should maintain state information with the base station currently attached, it must renew sleep state with a new base station after handover which leads to unnecessary waste of battery power. Noting that the mobility pattern of a MN is independent of call arrival patterns, we propose an optimized sleep mode to eliminate unnecessary standby period of a MN in sleep state after handover. We also propose an analytical model for the proposed scheme in terms of power consumption and the initial call response time. Simulation studies that compare the performance between the sleep mode and the optimized sleep mode show that our scheme marginally increases initial call response delay with the huge reduction in power consumption.