• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.291-295
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• 2007

Prostaglandin $E_1\;(PGE_1)$ was formulated as two self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) composed of Cremophor $EL^{(R)}$ or Cremophor $ELP^{(R)}$ as a surfactant, ethanol as a cosurfactant and Labrafac $CC^{(R)}$ as an oil to develop liquid preparation for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. In pseudo-ternary phase diagram, viscous gel area and microemulsion area were defined. In the measurement of viscosity, the viscosity of two formulations increased gradually upon the addition of water and it decreased from the water contents over 40%. With excessive water, the present systems formed a microemulsion spontaneously. From these results, rte could expect that the present liquid $PGE_1$ SMEDDS formulations might stay within the urethra in the viscous state when contacting the moisture of the urethra and can be easily eliminated by urination. In long-term stability study, we could select one formulation more stable at the shelf storage condition of $4^{\circ}C$.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.328-332
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• 2000

Following the method described in ASTM E1737, J resistance curves are measured for Cr-Mo steel SA387, and Cr steel A240 which are used as piping materials in nuclear industry. Crack driving force diagrams are generated in order to find out instability points in crack growth. The $J_{appl}$ curves, which are used in the crack driving force diagram, are obtained from EPRI J estimation method and the finite element analysis. Crack growth instability points are plotted in load-crack length plane and the results are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.341-354
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• 2002

This paper is planned to use randomized response technique which is an indirect response technique on internet as a way of obtaining much more precise information, not revealing secrets of responsors, considering that respondents are generally reluctant to answer in a survey to get sensitive information targeting employees, customers, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.489-499
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• 2003

In this paper we implement the system for the forced answer model which is an indirect response technique on the internet as a way of obtaining much more precise information, not revealing secrets of responsors. In this system we consider that respondents are generally reluctant to answer in a survey to get sensitive information targeting employees, customers, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.591-603
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• 2003

This paper is planned to use randomized response technique which is an indirect response technique on internet as a way of obtaining much more precise information, not revealing secrets of responsors, considering that respondents are generally reluctant to answer in a survey to get sensitive information targeting employees, customers, etc.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국데이터정보과학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.107-118
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• 2002

This paper is planned to use randomized response technique which is an indirect response technique on internet as a way of obtaining much more precise information, not revealing secrets of responsors, considering that respondents are generally reluctant to answer in a survey to get sensitive information targeting employees, customers, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.731-741
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• 2004

This paper is planned to use multi-proportions randomized response model for sensitive information on internet survey. This is an indirect response technique as a way of obtaining much more precise information. In this system we consider that respondents are generally reluctant to answer in a survey to get sensitive information targeting employees, customers, etc.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.674-678
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• 1991

Methanolysis of a ${\beta}$-lactam ring of a cephalosporin was simulated with AM1 semiempirical quantum mechanical calculation. The tetrahedral intermediate TD1 from an O-protonated cephalosporin and a methanol transfers the proton intramolecularly to the C-4 carboxylate to generate an oxyanion, i.e., second tetrahedral intermediate TD2, which undergoes the amide bond cleavage without further protonation on the N-5. For this cleavage a low-energy barrier TS2 was located. According to the energy diagram, tetrahedral intermediates easily undergo ring cleavage even without the protonation on the amide nitrogen.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2014

모래지반 표면에 위치한 강체 원형기초를 대상으로 수치해석을 통하여 수직-모멘트 조합하중 조건에서의 지지력을 구하였다. 지반은 Mohr-Coulomb 소성모델을 이용하여 모델링하였으며 관련흐름법칙을 적용하였고, 거친 기초 바닥면 조건에 대하여 검토하였다. 적은 수의 해석으로 조합하중 상관도를 산출할 수 있는 swipe 재하 방법과 통상적인 재하실험에서 적용되는 probe 재하 방법을 적용하여 비교한 결과, 두 방법은 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 모멘트하중을 고려하기 위하여 전통적으로 사용되는 유효폭 및 유효면적 개념을 사용한 결과와 편심계수($e_{\gamma}$)를 사용한 방법들을 비교하였으며, 기존의 제안식들과 수치모델링으로 구해진 본 연구의 결과를 비교하였다. 수직-모멘트 조합하중 지지력의 내부마찰각에 따른 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났으며, 유효폭 개념은 편심계수의 형태로 변환하여 원형기초에도 그대로 적용이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 수치모델링 결과는 기존의 실험에 기반한 결과들에 비해 다소 작은 값을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 편심 및 모멘트하중이 증가할수록 그 차이는 증가하였다. 수치모델링과 실험 결과가 차이를 나타내는 요인과 향후 연구 방향에 대하여 고찰하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.557-568
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• 2006

구상성단 M30의 $20'.5{\times}20'.5$ 영역에 대한 CCD UBVI 측광 관측을 수행하여 색-등급도로부터 주계열 전향점과 색지수 $V_{TO}=18.63{\pm}0.05,\;(B-V)_{TO}=0.44{\pm}0.05,\;(V-I)_{TO}=0.63{\pm}0.05$를 얻었으며, 색-색도로부터 $E(B-V)=0.05{\pm}0.01$과 중원소 함량의 지표인 UV 색 초과량 ${\delta}(U-B)=0.27{\pm}0.01$을 얻었다. 측광학적인 방법과 분광 관측 자료를 이용하여 중원소 함량 $[Fe/H]=-2.05{\pm}0.09$를 구하였다. 관측된 M30의 광도 함수는 이론적 모델에 비하여 전향점 부근에 비하여 적색 거성열의 초과 현상을 보였다. Hipparcos 위성에서 측정된 삼각 시차로부터 거리가 알려진 준왜성을 이용하여 주계열 맞추기를 하여 거리 지수 $(m-M)_o=14.75{\pm}0.12$를 구하였다. 헬륨 함량을 구하기 위하여 R과 R' 방법을 사용하여 $Y(R)=0.23{\pm}0.02,\;Y(R')=0.29{\pm}0.02$를 얻었다. 성단의 나이는 적용하는 방법과 모델에 따라서 10.7 Gyr에서 17 Gyr까지 분산을 보인다.