• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.122-123
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• 2006

Tin oxide nanoparticles (n-SnO and $n-SnO_2$) were synthesized by the inert gas condensation (IGC) method under dynamic gas flow of oxygen and argon at various conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) method were used to analysis the size, shape and crystal structure of the produced powders. The synthesized particles were mostly amorphous and their size increased with increasing the partial pressure of oxygen in the processing chamber. The particles also became broader in size when higher oxygen pressures were applied. Low temperature annealing at $320^{\circ}C$ in air resulted to crystallization of the amorphous n-SnO particles to $SnO_2$.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.631-636
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• 2007

Eigenvalue reduction schemes approximate the lower eigenmodes that represent the global behavior of the structures. In the, we proposed a two-level condensation scheme(TLCS) for the construction of a reduced system. In first step, the of candidate elements by energy estimation, Rayleigh quotient, through Ritz vector calculation, and next, the primary degrees of freedom is selected by sequential elimination from the degrees of freedom connected the candidate elements in the first step. In the present study, we propose TLCS combined with iterative improved reduced system(IIRS) to increase accuracy of higher modes intermediate range. Also, it possible to control the accuracy of the eigenvalues and eigenmodes of the reduced system. Numerical examples demonstrate performance of proposed method.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.439-450
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• 2008

잘 구축된 축소시스템은 동하중을 받는 구조물의 거동을 정확하게 계산할 수 있으며, 유한요소 기반 동적해석에서 문제가 될 수 있는 계산시간과 전산자원의 문제를 해결할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 축소모델 기반 동적해석 알고리즘을 개발하였고, 동적 축소모델의 구축을 위한 주자유도 선정방법을 제안하였다. 이 과정에서 기존 연구에서 신뢰성이 검증된 2단계 축소기법을 사용하여 중요 자유도를 선정하고, IRS 방법에 의해 최종 축소모델을 구축하였다. 이를 임의의 동하중을 받는 수치예제에 적용하고 전체시스템의 동적해석 결과와 비교하여 제안 방법의 신뢰성을 검증하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2007

This work presents an iterated improved reduced system (IIRS) procedure combined with sub-structuring scheme for large structures. Iterated IRS methods are usually more efficient than others because the dynamic condensation matrix is updated repeatedly until the desired convergent values are obtained. However, using these methods simply for large structures causes expensive computational cost and even makes analyses intractable because of the limited computer storage. Therefore, the application of sub-structuring scheme is necessary. Because the large structures are subdivided into several (or more) sub-domains, the construction of dynamic condensation matrix does not require much computation cost in every iteration. This makes the present method much more efficient to compute the eigenpairs both in lower and intermediate modes. In Part I, iterated IRS method combined with sub-structuring scheme for undamped structures is presented. The validation of the proposed method and the evaluation of computational efficiency are demonstrated through the numerical examples.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1994년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.105-112
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• 1994

In a local vibration analysis of a large steel frame, a large eigenvalue problem results. Due to computer storage and the expense of a complete solution, it is desirable to minimize the size of the resulting matrices. A new and efficient method of local vibration analysis for large steel frames is presented. It reduces the order of dynamic matrices by dynamic condensation method. Examples are given for local vibration of a plane frame. Results are compared to the complete solution of the full eigenvalue problem.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.271-276
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• 2004

In this paper. dynamic behavior of the cracked beam under a moving mass is presented using the finite element method (FEM). Model accuracy is improved with the following consideration: (1) FE model with Timoshenko beam element (2) Additional flexibility matrix due to crack presence (3) Interaction forces between the moving mass and supported beam. The Timoshenko bean model with a two-node finite element is constructed based on Guyan condensation that leads to the results of classical formulations. but in a simple and systematic manner. The cracked section is represented by local flexibility matrix connecting two unchanged beam segments and the crack as modeled a massless rotational spring. The inertia force due to the moving mass is also involved with gravity force equivalent to a moving load. The numerical tests for various mass levels. crack sizes. locations and boundary conditions were performed.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1316-1321
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• 2003

The systematic method to construct equivalent static load from the given dynamic load is proposed in the present study. Previously reported works to construct equivalent static load were based on ad hoc methods. They may results in unreliable structural design. The present study proposes a selection scheme of degrees of freedom(d.o.f) for imposing the equivalent static loads. The d.o.fs are selected by Two-level condensation scheme(TLCS). TLCS consists of two two-steps. The first step is the energy estimation in element-level and the second step consists of the traditional sequential elimination precudure. Through several numerical examples, the efficiency and reliability of proposed scheme is verified.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1996년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.78-85
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• 1996

The effect of vertical vibration of a beam is significantly influenced by higher modes of vibration. Therefore, a beam can be modeled using several elements must De used to represent a vibrating beam. As a result, analysis of a space framed structure for vertical vibration requires increase number of elements leading to more complicated model with many degree of freedom which requires large amount of computing resources for dynamic analysis. An efficient analysis method for vertical vibration of space framed structures are proposed in this paper which is presented in three method. The first method is to determine minimum nodes that shall be used to obtain dynamic response with the vertical vibration. Secondly, matrix condensation methods are introduced to reduce the computation efforts used to perform dynamic analysis and the selection of primary degree-of-freedom is proposed. The third method is of using the mass participation factor for the selection of primary degree-of-freedom.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1987

교양(橋梁)이나 건물(建物)의 바닥구조에 많이 사용(使用)되는 격자항(格子桁) 구조물(構造物)의 강도(剛度), 질량, 감쇄매트릭스의 크기가 매우 큰 경우에 고유진동수(固有振動數) mode shape을 구(求)하는 것은 복잡하고 해석(解析)에 소요되는 시간(時間)이 상당히 많이 요구된다. 이런 이유 때문에 동적해석에 필요(必要)한 많은 수(數)의 자유도(自由度)를 줄이기 위한 여러가지 방법(方法)이 개발되어 왔다. 본(本) 연구에서는 static dynamic-condensation 기법을 이용한 격자형 구조물의 경제적인 동적해석 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 이 방법의 정확도와 경제성은 전체자유도계(全體自由度系)를 사용(使用)한 경우와 condenced된 자유도계(自由度系)를 사용(使用)한 경우의 결과비교로써 이루어져 있으며 이결과비교에 의하여 이 방법은 경제적이면서도 정확성을 크게 해치지 않는다는 것이 입증되었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1997

주상복합건물의 강체거동을 보이는 연결층은 인접한 층에 비해 큰 질량과 강성차에 의해서 수치해석상의 문제점을 일으킨다. 강체거동을 보이는 구조물의 정적해석은 상부와 하부구조물을 별개의 구조물로 보고 2단계에 걸쳐서 근사적으로 수행될수 있지만, 동적해석은 구조물을 분리해서 행해질 수 없다. 이러한 주상복합건물의 동적해석을 위한 효율적인 모형화기법이 본 연구에서 제시된다. 자유도수를 줄여서 컴퓨터해석시간을 대폭 감소시키는 행렬의 응축기법과 연결층을 모형화하기 위해서 일반적인 보요소에 강체가 연결된 요소를 도입한다. 제안된 모형화기법의 효율성과 정확성을 입증하기 위해서 몇가지 구조해석을 한다.