• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2011

This paper studies a novel method to find the profit-maximizing Nash Equilibriums in allocating generation quantities with consideration of ramp-rates under competitive market environment. Each GenCo in a market participates in a game to maximize its profit through competitions and play a game with bidding strategies. In order to find the Nash equilibriums it is necessary to search the feasible combinations of GenCos' strategies which satisfy every participant's profit and no one wants various constraints. During the procedure to find Nash equilibriums, the payoff matrix can be simplified as eliminating the dominated strategies. in each time interval. Because of the ramp-rate, generator's physically or technically limits to increase or decrease outputs in its range, it can restrict the number of bidding strategies of each generator at the next stage. So in this paper, we found the Nash Equilibriums for multi-stage generation allocation game considering the ramp-rate limits of generators. In the case studies, we analyzed the generation allocation game for a 12-hour multi-stage and compared it with the results of dynamic economic dispatch. Both of the two cases were considered generator's ramp-rate effects.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.919-928
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• 2009

Microgrids (MGs) are typically comprised of distributed generators (DGs) including renewable energy sources (RESs), storage devices and controllable loads, which can operate in either interconnected or isolated mode from the main distribution grid. This paper introduces a novel dynamic programming (DP) approach to MG optimization which takes into consideration the coordination of energy supply in terms of heat and electricity. The DP method has been applied successfully to several cases in power system operations. In this paper, a special emphasis is placed on the uncontrollability of RESs, the constraints of DGs, and the application of demand response (DR) programs such as directed load control (DLC), interruptible/curtaillable (I/C) service, and/or demand-side bidding (DSB) in the deregulated market. Finally, in order to illustrate the optimization results, this approach is applied to a couple of examples of MGs in a certain configuration. The results also show the maximum profit that can be achieved.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1463-1471
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• 2005

This paper proposes an agent-based scheduling method fur semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities with hard inter-operation temporal constraints. The scheduling problem is to find the feasible schedules that guarantee both logical and temporal correctness. A proposed multi-agent based architecture is composed of scheduling agents, workcell agents, and machine agents. A scheduling agent computes optimal schedules through bidding mechanisms with a subset or entire set of the workcell agents. A dynamic planning-based approach is adopted for the scheduling mechanism so that the dynamic behaviors such as aperiodic job arrivals and reconfiguration can be taken into consideration.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2010

최근 다양한 분야에서 클라우드 컴퓨팅의 사용이 증가하고클라우드 컴퓨팅의 이상적 가치 실현을 위한 클라우드 공급자간의 동적협력은 필수적인 요소가 되고 있다. 이전의 연구를 통해서 다른 클라우드 공급자 간의 동적 협력 플랫폼으로 경매결합 방식 기반의 클라우드 마켓 모델 "CACM"을 제안한 바 있다. CACM모델은 경매에 참여하기 전에 미리 최적화된 클라우드 공급자들간 그룹을 형성하여 동적 협력을 제공할 수 있도록 하고 있으며, 이에 따라 공급자 간 협상시 발생할 수 있는 문제들을 최소화 하고자 하였다. 그러나 어떻게 최적의 입찰 가격 결정 그룹을 결정할 것인지, 어떻게 안정적인 그룹의 조건을 구할 것인지, 또한 입찰 가능 가격 및 이익을 그룹 구성원 간에 분배할 것인지에 대한 연구는 CACM 모델에서 구체적으로 연구되지 못했다. 본 논문에서는, CACM 모델을 N-person 협력 게임 이론에 대입하여 CACM모델에 추가적으로 위에서 제시한 문제들을 공식화하여 제안하고자 한다. 그룹의 안정성은 그룹의 각 구성원에게 코어와 할당량에 대한 개념을 대입해 게임이론에서의 샤플리 값을 사용하여 분석한다. 여러 계산 결과값을 통해 제안하는 기법의 특성평가를 도출한다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2220-2226
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• 2018

Electric vehicles (EVs) are significant resources for demand response (DR). Thus, it is essential for EV aggregators to quantitatively evaluate their capability for DR. In this paper, a concept of dynamic equivalent battery (DEB) is proposed as a metric for evaluating the DR performance using EVs. The DEB is the available virtual battery for DR. The capacity of DEB is determined from stochastic calculation while satisfying the charging requirements of each EV, and it varies also with time. Further, a new indicator based on the DEB and time-varying electricity prices, named as value of DEB (VoDEB), is introduced to quantify the value of DEB coupled with the electricity prices. The effectiveness of the DEB and the VoDEB as metrics for the DR performance of EVs is verified with the simulations, where the difference of charging cost reduction between direct charging and optimized bidding methods is used to express the DR performance. The simulation results show that the proposed metrics accord well with the DR performance of an EV fleet. Thus, an EV aggregator may utilize the proposed concepts of DEB and VoDEB for designing an incentive scheme to EV users, who participate in a DR program.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.569_570
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• 2009

This paper presents a methodology to find the profit maximized Nash Equilibriums of each generator(or GenCo), which considers the Ramp-rate of each generator under a competitive market environment. The ramp-rate of a generator is one of the physical or technical constraints of a generator and means the ability to increase or decrease the output instantaneously. In this paper, we found several Nash Equilibriums of the generation allocation problem through Dynamic Programming in a competitive market. Individual generators participate in a game to maximize its profit through competitions and play a game with bidding strategies of its generation quantities in a spot market.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.384-385
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• 2006

현재와 같은 경쟁적 전력수급 시장에서 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해서는 모든 발전사업자는 이득 극대화를 위한 전략이 필요할 것이다. 이에 여러 발전 방식 중에서도 타 에너지원의 발전설비보다 에너지원의 생산, 저장, 소비 등 다양한 전략이 가능한 양수발전을 선택하여 효과적인 대응 방안을 찾아보고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 발전 경쟁 시장 체제하에서 동적 게임이론을 적용하여, 양수발전을 소유한 발전 사업자의 최적 입찰 전략 알고리즘을 제시한다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1223-1230
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• 2005

The dynamic nature of the A/E/C industry, rapidly changing global market environments, and lowest cost competitive bidding make it difficult to survive in global design markets. To understand the global design markets, a case study has been undertaken. The top 150 global design firms represented in the ENR (Engineering News Record) from 1995 to 2003 are classified into three groups for the case study. First group is the firms which advanced in rank from 1995. Second group is the firms which maintained its rank from 1994 until 2003. Third group is the firms which went down in rank from 1995 until 2003. However, finding key factors and changing business strategies of successful top design firms are the fundamental goals in this paper. After examinations of case studies, this paper concludes and suggests that professionalization, M&A strategies, patrons of the government, and academic support are needed to be successful in the global design & engineering industry.

• 한국지능정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지능정보시스템학회 2001년도 The Pacific Aisan Confrence On Intelligent Systems 2001
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• pp.78-82
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• 2001

Most of current Internet auction systems are simple server programs that partly automated the function of the conventional auction house. These system do not provide sufficient independence, distribution and parallelism between the functions of the conventional auction house. In there are automated by server program, but still users need to execute a repetitive task to monitor the dynamic progress of a certain auction, decide proper bid price, and submit the bid. Another problem is that they support only single as English auction and Dutch auction, but they do not support the double auctions are superior to the single auction with respect to speed., efficiency, and the fair distribution of profit. In this paper, we present design and implement of an agent-based continuous double auction system, called CoDABot, in order to mitigate the limitations of current auctions system. CoDABot supports continuous double auction, provides various bidding agent for users to select, and has been implemented into a multi-agent system that realize more independent, distributed, and parallel subsystems.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.226-234
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• 2004

본 연구는 ENR지를 통해 파악할 수 있는 선진 설계회사들이 급변하는 세계 설계 및 엔지니어링 시장에서 환경변화에 어떤 방식으로 대응하여 성공하고 있는지를 파악함으로써 최근 어려움을 겪고 있는 국내 설계 및 엔지니어링 업체들에게 향후 생존과 성장을 위한 시사점을 도출할 목적으로 이루어졌다. 분석결과 순위가 올라가거나 유지한 기업들의 특징은 시장과 상품에 대해 사업구조 전략적 측면에서 전문화를 추구하였으며 M&A나 전략적 제휴를 통하여 급변하는 산업 환경에 능동적으로 적응하였기 때문에 성공한 것으로 나타났다. 국내 엔지니어링 기업이 해외에서 성공하기 위해서는 기업 입장에서 시장과 상품에 대한 전략적 특화가 필요하며 정부는 정책상의 해외진출 전략수립과 지원, 학계와 연구소는 핵심 기술육성을 위한 산 $\cdot$ 학 $\cdot$ 연 연구의 활성화가 절실히 필요하다.