• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.753-767
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• 2019

Dyeing behavior of indigo leaf powder was examined in regards to the effect of the amount of pigments on color and dye adsorption for silk dyed by reduction and nonreduction dyeing. The amount of indigotin and indirubin pigments adsorbed in dyed silk was examined by HPLC-DAD analysis. The color of dyed silk showed 7.7BG - 2.7B hue when silk was dyed at $50^{\circ}C$, and 3.5G - 4.9BG when dyed at $70^{\circ}C$. Blue ($b^*$) and green ($a^*$) color decreased as the pH of dyebath increased. When silk was dyed using nonreduction, R (red) and RP (red purple) hue and R hue was more apparent in samples dyed at $90^{\circ}C$. In reduction dyeing, amount of indigotin detected from silk exceeded the amount that was initially contained in the input dye. The amount of indirubin was lower than indirubin that was initially in the powder. In nonreduction dyeing, silk showed a higher amount of indirubin adsorption compared to silk dyed by reduction. The amount of indigotin adsorbed in silk was lower than the amount initially contained in the input dye. The amount of indigotin and indirubin adsorption was primarily dependent upon the dyeing method-reduction or nonreduction along with dyeing temperature and the pH of dyebath.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.392-399
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• 2019

A highly transparent interfacial layer (HTIL) to enhance the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was prepared via a polymer-assisted (PA) approach. Poly(vinyl chloride)-graft-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) (PVC-g-POEM) was synthesized via atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and was used as a sacrificial template. The PVC-g-POEM graft copolymer induced partial coordination of a hydrophilic titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) sol-gel solution with the POEM domain, resulting in microphase separation, and in turn, the generation of mesopores upon calcination. These phenomena were confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-visible light transmittance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The DSSCs incorporating HTIL60/20 (consisting of a top layer with a pore size of 60 nm and a bottom layer with a pore size of 20 nm) exhibited the best overall conversion efficiency (6.36%) among the tested samples, which was 25.9% higher than that of a conventional blocking layer (BL). DSSC was further characterized using the Nyquist plot and incident-photon to electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectra.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.906-922
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• 2020

Efficacy of Flos Sophorae as UV protective dye was examined in comparison to standard dyes of quercetin and rutin. Cotton was dyed using Flos Sophorae extract, quercetin, and rutin with 2 different concentrations for each dye. Each type of dyeing applied a temperature of 70℃ or 90℃ and a time of 30 min or 60 min. Color values of dyed samples were examined using a spectrocolorimeter. HPLC-DAD analysis indicated the amount of quercetin and rutin contained in Flos Sophorae used in the study. UPF values of dyed samples were measured using an ultraviolet transmittance analyzer. Experimental results indicated that dyeing cotton with Flos Sophorae extract, quercetin, or rutin increased the UPF value and decreased the UVA and UVB transmittance (%) regardless of dyeing conditions. A higher rank of UPF values were shown in cotton dyed using the Flos Sophorae extract that implied the possible concerted effect of quercetin, rutin, and flavonoid compounds contained in Flos Sophorae. The results indicated that Flos Sophorae is an effective natural dye that can improve the UV protective function of summer cotton fabric.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2024

Presence of hazardous dyes in water cause considerable risks to the human health and environment due to their potential toxicity and ecological disruptions. Therefore, in the present research, to suggest an alternative method for the retention of toxic Azocarmine G (ACG) dye from aqueous media, natural and H₂SO₄-modified acacia sawdust were performed for the first time as low-cost and efficient adsorbents. Based on batch experiments, it was determined that the best conditions for the developed dye retention process were an initial pH of 2.0 and an equilibrium time of 240 min. Analysis of the data using both pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models showed that the retention of ACG onto the adsorbents predominantly occurred through chemical adsorption. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were employed to provide insights into the interaction between the adsorbate and adsorbent and the mechanism of the adsorption process. Maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of natural and H₂SO₄-modified acacia sawdust were determined as 28.01 and 64.90 mg g^-1, respectively by Langmuir isotherm model. Results of the study clearly indicated that the modification of acacia sawdust with H₂SO₄ leads to a substantial increase in the adsorption performance of anionic dyes.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.89-100
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• 2016

We estimated pigments and painting techniques with nondestructive analysis for Yu Eonho's portrait made in the eighteenth century, then compared with 11 portraits and painting characteristics at that time. The pigments used to Yu Eon-ho's portrait include lead white, yellow dye, cinnabar, minium, and pink dye, malachite, azurite, iron oxide red and brown dye, blue and pink dye for purple. In the result compared with painted pigments of 11 portraits, iron oxide red without cinnabar was used on the face part and organic green dye only was used instead of inorganic pigments on the other side of clothing after Yu Eonho's portraits portrait. This study is show the painting techniques on the portraits in the late $18^{th}$ century. We expect to use as useful referencing data for the study on the coloring technique of a portrait in the late Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.281-286
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• 2019

Appearance is a means of competitiveness for modern people, and one of the factors that harms the desires of modern people is white hair. For the modern man who needs to express beautiful appearance to others by covering white moth, we performed hair analysis after white moth hair dye treatment. The maximum modulus and tangential modulus according to the maximum load, maximum tensile strength, maximum elongation, breaking load, fracture strength, elongation at break, and evaluation interval between 1N-3N experimental group and control group of 1N-Respectively. Maximum load, maximum tensile strength, breaking load and breaking strength tended to be larger than those of the control group, while the maximum elongation and breaking elongation were the highest in the control group and the elongation decreased with the experimental group treatment. The maximum modulus and tangential modulus of the 1N-3N test group were higher than those of the control group at 0~0.15 and 0.15~2.5, respectively. Based on the study on the cosmetic changes of the hair before and after the treatment, it can be used as a basic data to select the correct oxidative hair dye product, the proper amount of application and the time to leave.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2009

The process of biodegradation in lingo-cellulosic materials is critically relevant to biospheric carbon. The study of this natural process has largely involved laboratory investigations, focused primarily on the biodegradation and recycling of agricultural by-products, generally using basidiomycetes species. In order to collect super white rot fungi and evaluate its ability to degrade lingo-cellulosic material, 35 fungal strains, collected from forests, humus soil, livestock manure, and dead trees, were screened for enzyme activities and their potential to decolorize the commercially used Poly-R 478 dye. In the laccase enzymatic analysis chemical test, 33 white rot fungi and 2 brown rot fungi were identified. The degradation ability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) according to the utilized environmental conditions was higher in the mushrooms grown in dead trees and fallen leaves than in the mushrooms grown in humus soil and livestock manure. Using Poly-R 478 dye to assess the PAH-degradation activity of the identified strains, four strains, including Agrocybe pediades, were selected. The activities of laccase, MnP, and Lip of the four strains with PAH-degrading ability were highest in Pleurotus incarnates. 87 fungal strains, collected from forests, humus soil, livestock manure, and dead trees, were screened for enzyme activities and their potential to decolorize the commercially used Poly-R 478 dye on solid media. Using Poly-R 478 dye to assess the PAHdegrading activity of the identified strains, it was determined that MKACC 51632 and 52492 strains evidenced superior activity in static and shaken liquid cultures. Subsequent screening on plates containing the polymeric dye poly R-478, the decolorization of which is correlated with lignin degradation, resulted in the selection of a strain of Coriolus versicolor, MKACC52492, for further study, primarily due to its rapid growth rate and profound ability to decolorize poly R-478 on solid media. Considering our findings using Poly-R 478 dye to evaluate the PAH-degrading activity of the identified strains, Coriolus versicolor, MKACC 52492 was selected as a favorable strain. Coriolus versicolor, which was collected from Mt. Yeogi in Suwon, was studied for the production of the lignin-modifying enzymes laccase, manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP).

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2018

This study aim is to provide new coloration method by laccase-catalyzation on natural phenolic dyeing process. In this study, silk was dyed with black tea, which is one of polyphenolic dye, extracted in distilled water. The dyed samples were catalyzed by laccase as the eco-friendly mordanting process. To optimize the conditions of laccase-catalyzed coloration, conditions were varied by different mordanting methods (one-bath, two-bath), temperature and treatment time. The dye affinity in terms of the value of K/S, $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, and H, V, C was measured by Computer Color Matching System (CCM, CM-2600d, Spectra Magic NX, Korea). The effect of laccase-catalyzed coloration on washing fastness was evaluated and compared with the synthetic mordant (Al, Cu, and Fe). As the result of color analysis of dyed silk, the optimum conditions of laccase-catalyzed coloration were determined to post-mordanting by one-bath at $50^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. Under the optimum laccase-catalyzed conditions, the dyed silk was shown the color of yellowish-red. After laccase-catalyzed coloration on the dyed silk, the improvement of washing fastness was obtained compared with mordanted silk by synthetic mordant (Al, Cu, and Fe). Therefore, the present study was demonstrated that the effective enzymatic mordanting method by laccase for phenolic natural dyeing with vivid color and good fastness.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.194-199
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• 2016

We prepared polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) beads with a particle size of 80 nm to improve the energy conversion efficiency (ECE) by increasing the effective surface area and the dye absorption ability of the working electrodes (WEs) in a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). We prepared the $TiO_2$ layer with PMMA beads of 0.0~1.0 wt%; then, finally, a DSSC with $0.45cm^2$ active area was obtained. Optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the microstructure of the $TiO_2$ layer with PMMA. UV-VIS-NIR was used to determine the optical absorbance of the WEs with PMMA. A solar simulator and a potentiostat were used to determine the photovoltaic properties of the PMMA-added DSSC. Analysis of the microstructure showed that pores of 200 nm were formed by the decomposition of PMMA. Also, root mean square values linearly increased as more PMMA was added. The absorbance in the visible light regime was found to increase as the degree of PMMA dispersion increased. The ECE increased from 4.91% to 5.35% when the amount of PMMA beads added was increased from 0.0 to 0.4 wt%. However, the ECE decreased when more than 0.6 wt% of PMMA was added. Thus, adding a proper amount of PMMA to the $TiO_2$ layer was determined to be an effective method for improving the ECE of a DSSC.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.437-443
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• 2002

A number of soil and wastewater samples were collected from the vicinity of an effluent treatment plant for the chemical industry. Several microorganisms were screened fur their ability to decolorize the triphenylmethane group of dyes. As a result, a novel crystal violet dye-degrading strain LK-24 was isolated. Taxonomic identification including 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate had a $99.5\%$ homology in its 16S rDNA base sequence with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The triphenylmethane dye, crystal violet, was degraded extensively by growing cells of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia LK-24 in agitated liquid cultures, although their growth was strongly inhibited in the initial stage of incubation. This group of dyes is toxic, depending on the concentration used. The dye was significantly degraded at a relatively lower concentration, below $100{\mu}g\;ml^-1$, yet the growth of the cells was totally suppressed at a dye concentration of $250{\mu}g\;ml^-1$. The degradation products of crystal violet were identified as 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)-benzophenone and ${\rho}$-dimethylaminophenol by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry. The 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)-benzophenone was easily obtained in a reasonable yield, as it was not metabolized further by S. maltophilia LK-24; however, the ${\rho}$-dimethylaminophenol was not easily identifiable, as it was further metabolized.