• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제4권6호
• /
• pp.671-683
• /
• 2013

The May 19, 2011 an earthquake hit Simav (K$\ddot{u}$tahya) province in Turkey. Simav is a district of K$\ddot{u}$tahya located 255 km southwest from capital city of Turkey. According to Turkish General Directorate of Disaster Affairs (DAD), the magnitude of this moderate earthquake was 5.7. The major percent of the housing stock in the affected region was built in masonry. Many masonry dwellings, mosques and also minarets were heavily damaged due to this seismic activity. The Halil Aga Mosque and its minaret were also heavily damaged as a masonry structure around the earthquake region. In this paper, a site survey of masonry damages is presented and Response Spectrum Analysis of the Halil Aga Mosque is performed using the finite element method.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.173-181
• /
• 2008

실내 라돈 검출기의 신뢰성 평가를 위해서 미국 Landauer사의 $RadTrak^{(R)}$, 헝가리 Radosys사의 $Radopot^{(R)}$, 그리고 미국 Rad elec 사의 $E-PERM^{(R)}$ 검출기의 성능을 비교 검토하였다. RadTrak과 Radopot에 대한 라돈 표준 챔버 테스트 결과, $AlphaGUARD^{(R)}$ 검출 결과와 비교하여 각각 -13.2%. -6.0%로 라돈 검출기 성능평가기준인 ${\pm}20%$ 이내에 포함되는 결과를 보였다. 또한, 실제 현장에서의 장기간 측정을 통한 성능을 평가하기 위하여 약 100여개의 가옥 내 동일한 장소에 각각의 검출기를 1 년 동안 설치하여 비교하였다. RadTrak 과 Radopot 의 비교에서는 매우 좋은 상관관계 ($R^2$ = 0.91)를 보였지만, E-PERM과 Radopot의 비교결과, 거의 상관성을 파악 할 수 없었다($R^2$ = 0.021). 또한, E-PERM을 이용한 연평균 전국 실내 공간감마선량률 등준위도는 Portable Ion Chamber를 이용한 전국 실외 공간감마선량률 등준위도와 다소 상이한 결과를 보였다. 실험 결과를 바탕으로 향 후 대규모 라돈농도조사에 필요한 검출기 선정 요건에 대해서 논의 하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.518-527
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The adverse health effects attributed to exposure to radon have been well known over the world. However, the efforts for prevention and mitigation of radon have not been taken in Korea so far. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation methods applied for various types of houses and public buildings with high level of radon. Methods: Based on the results of "National Radon Survey" performed by the National Institute of Environmental Research(NIER) in 2010-2012, we selected 30 candidate buildings consisting of 20 houses and 10 public buildings with greater than $148Bq/m^3$ of radon level. We measured the concentration of radon in 30 buildings, using E-PERMs and RAD-7 during January to March of 2013. More than five E-PERMs and one RAD-7 per house were installed for seven days. Ten houses and five public buildings were finally chosen to be mitigated after mainly considering the level of radon and the location of buildings nationwide. Three mitigation methods such as Sealing, two types of Active Ventilation(window-shaped and wall-typed ventilations), and Active Soil Depressurization(ASD) were applied, and the concentrations of radon were measured before and after mitigation, respectively. To evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation methods, reduction rates of radon were calculated and Wilcoxon's signed-rank test was performed. Results: The mean concentration of 15 buildings just before radon mitigation was $297.8Bq/m^3$, and most of the buildings were located in Gangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, and Daegu areas(73.3%), and built in 1959-1998. The level of radon decreased from 48% to 90% and kept the below recommendation limit of $148Bq/m^3$ after installation of radon mitigation. Among mitigation methods applied, the reduction rate(58.7-90.4%) of radon attributed to ASD was the greatest than that of other methods, followed by Active Ventilation(48.4-78.4%) and Sealing(<22%). The effectiveness of radon reduction by window-shaped Active Ventilation(63.2-75.2%) was relatively better than that of wall-typed Active Ventilation(48.4-54.3%). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that ASD could be more effective for radon mitigation. Moreover, our findings would be background information in future for making the strategy for radon mitigation nationwide, as well as for developing Korean-version of mitigation techniques according to types of dwellings in Korea.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.50-72
• /
• 1996

The typical Japanese house has the characteristics of open dwellings to make them cool in the hot and humid summer. And then the traditional town house 'Machiya', being built very closely to each other and walled up both sides, it has taken the open-oriented characteristics in itself. The purpose of this study is to clarify that the open-oriented of traditional 'Machiya' has been succeeded to the new 'Machiya' in the latest. The new 'Machiya' shows the open-oriented, taking the ventilative 'Huki-nuke' space of traditional 'Machiya' as the new spatial formal elements, in the changes such as scale material space organization. The characteristics of 'Huki-nuke' space are represented as follows ; 1. The facade of the traditional 'Machiya', which has taken on a semitransparent qualty, has been generally changed to the closing qualty except for the open parts of shop and garage. This facade of the new 'Machiya' has been taken to be in keeping with the existing town as much as possible. 2. A series of three rooms, composed of shop/living dining kitchen/room from the road, have been dispersed to every floors in a building with a very extensive scale. But this serial and linear type remains as the loosefit space, and the long dwellings of the upper stories are divided by type each dwelling unit. 3. 'Tori-niwa', which is a consecutive and penetrating space, connects the road with the rooms of dwelling and functions as the circulation of man thing energy, The new 'Machiya' changed to the multi-story, the corridor and the stair have been fumed up as the elements in the place of 'Tori-niwa' The 'Huki-nuke' space was locted in the hall, stairwell, living dining kitchen room, and so on. 4. The small court yard 'Tsubo-niwa' and back yard 'Ura-niwa' at the both ends of living spaces would be made a hole in a series of rooms and enclosed by the neighboring 'Machiya'. On the contrary the new 'Machiya' at present takes in the private and closing organization enclosing the innercourt. 5. The open-oriented ${\ulcorner}$In${\lrcorner}$ or ${\ulcorner}$Out${\lrcorner}$ is not brought out because of the delicate spatial formal configuration in the traditional 'Machiya'. But the open-oriented ${\ulcorner}$In${\lrcorner}$, all sides being closed by walls, is well brought out in the new 'Machiya'.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.435-444
• /
• 2016

층간소음의 문제가 가장 크게 대두되고 있는 현재 층간소음 저감 방법으로 뜬바닥 구조에 적용되는 차음재등이 연구되고 있으나 이러한 방법의 경우 경량충격음에는 효과적이나 중량 충격음을 저감하기에는 재료 및 기술적 한계에 다다르고 있다. 중량충격음 저감을 위해서는 슬래브의 중량을 증가시켜 충격에 대해 바닥은 진동하기 어렵게 하여 충격에 의한 발생음을 저감시키거나, 슬래브의 강성을 높여 충격점의 유효 질량을 높여 중량충격음을 저감하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 중량 충격음을 저감하기 위한 한 방편으로 고중량, 고강성 기포콘크리트 제조함으로서 바닥충격음을 저감하기 위한 기술을 개발하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 기포제 종류 및 혼입량과 경량골재 종류 및 투입량과 관계없이 유동성은 190 mm이상으로 매우 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 밀도 및 압축강도 측정 결과 기포콘크리트의 경우 기포 혼입율 50%에서만, 경량골재 기포콘크리트의 경우 모든 배합에서 목표 밀도 및 압축강도를 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 열전도율 측정 결과 기포콘크리트의 경우 VS50을 제외하고는 모두 만족하는 것으로 나타났으며, 경량골재 기포콘크리트의 경우 Type A 골재의 경우 대체율 25%, Type B의 경우 모든 배합에서 목표를 만족하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권12호
• /
• pp.822-827
• /
• 2019

주한미군 기지이전사업에 따른 평택 캠프 험프리스 주변으로는 많은 영외거주 수요가 있다. 이에 따른 영외주택 주거계획을 위해서는 그들의 요구사항이 반영된 계획을 수립할 필요가 있다. 그러나 그들의 요구사항을 직접적으로 조사한 연구는 전무한 것으로 파악된다. 본 연구에서는 캠프 험프리스에 주둔하고 있는 미군을 대상으로 그 요구사항을 조사 분석하여 그들의 요구사항을 정확히 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 일반적으로 주거계획을 위해서는 수요에 기반을 둔 입지와 단지규모의 결정, 단지계획에 필요한 시설요소의 파악, 건물계획에 필요한 상세한 건축계획요소에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 이 중 본 연구에서는 수요와 입지선호도, 단지계획요소의 선호도 분석을 수행하였으며, 건축계획요소에 대하여는 후속연구로 남겨놓았다. 분석결과 영외거주의 수요도가 높고, 임대주택을 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 입지에 있어서는 통근시간이 가장 중요한 요소로 작용하고 있음을 파악할 수 있었다. 또한 도시적 편의를 누릴 수 있으면서도 자연에 가까운 산자락 부분의 입지를 선호하고 있음을 파악할 수 있었고, 향에 대한 중요도는 낮게 나타났으며, 한국인들과 어울려 사는 것도 문제가 되지 않았다. 아울러 단지 내 시설로는 운동시설에 대한 요구가 높은 편으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.98-105
• /
• 2018

Objectives: In Mongolian housing, they use coal as a fuel for indoor heating and cooking. The combustion of coal releases particulate matter, which can affect indoor air quality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the concentrations of indoor $PM_{2.5}$ in winter time dwellings in ger town. Methods: In this study, indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations, temperature and humidity in houses were measured by a real-time PM monitor, while the time activity patterns of the residents were also observed. Results: The correlation between factors that may affect the indoor air quality was analyzed.The indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were $178.4{\pm}152.7{\mu}g/m^3$ (n=37). Five types of indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations have been classified, which were associated with indoor activity. The stove type, fuel types and indoor activities such as cleaning, cooking and opening the stoves were not significantly associated with indoor $PM_{2.5}$ levels. Conclusions: Further study is needed to determine the effect of stove type through 24hours of indoor air quality monitoring.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.125-136
• /
• 2007

To improve the environment of individual residential area, the uniform development of multiple dwellings through site should be avoided. As an alternative to a large scale development of the currently popular high-density and high-rise apartment buildings, which disintegrates and destroys existing communities, a new residential type that is applicable to the individual residential area should be developed. From the new residential type, even for short history of Korea of modem urban residence, a new concept of residence can be formed, changing from the concept of a temporary staying place to the concept of a stable residing place. Also, a gradual improvement that transcends time can be expected, and the present and past appearances can co-exist. This study was conducted to suggest a new residential type with unit blocks that can improve the physical structure of existing individual residential area without destroying the structure. That is, among the factors that comprise the individual residential area, this study will focus on the unit block with a medium role between a site and a mega-block, and will suggest a new concept of residential unit in order not to destroy its physical structure. The physical characteristics of the unit block will also be analyzed.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2016

The paper takes the rural housings of the Chaoxian nationality of Ham-kyeongdo in the three provinces in Northeast China as research object, to discuss the spatial form andthe characteristic of the change in the housing. The research result shows that the dwellings' plane forms in the Tumen River, the coast of Yalu River and the Sino Russian border are mainly traditional "Jeong-ji central type (J)", while in Heilongjiang are mainly "Jeong-ji and corridor central type (J-C)". In the evolution of living space and behavior patterns, there appears sliding door and partition between Jeongjibang and kitchen in the former, and Badang space in the front of the Kang and the behavior pattern remains its original seat-type lifestyle mainly. While there forms Dikang space and living space in the process of different cultures blend and modernization in the later and appears some upright-type behavior patterns. There is distinct characteristic in regional changes in both.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.103-112
• /
• 2014

This study explores the typology of the urban detached houses in the new housing quarters that were created in the process of Seoul's urbanization in the aftermath of the Korean War. It analyzes and compares the urban tissue and space allocation set when the new urban residential areas were organized according to different methods of production. Based on the comparative analysis of housing built in the same time of 1960s, this study aims to deduce why a specific urban detached housing type was selected as an influential housing prototype and how this spread in later generations. Case study sites selected for this study include: the new Urban Hanok towns of Yongdu-dong, filled with mass Urban Hanoks built by housing developers; the single-family detached housing district of Myunmok-dong, filled with individual dwellings built by private builders; and the housing complex of detached houses in Suyu-dong, developed by government-sponsorship during the early 1960s. Each case examines the following: first, the difference in housing typology allocation according to urban tissue; second, the difference in spatial composition and arrangement within plots. As a result, it was found that differences in typology occur depending on which of the social, cultural, economic and technical factors was preferentially considered in forming urban tissue and allocating buildings in each residential area.