• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.6
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• pp.136-148
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• 1996

In this paper, we analyze the traffic characteristics in microcell and macrocell overlaid PCS system which process voice and dta calls separately each others. in this system, data calls are delayed in queue when all of channels are occupied, while voice calls are bolcked in that case. For this, we calculated inter-microcell handoff area dwelling time distribution and handoff area dwelling time distribution between microcell and macrocell. We analyze traffic performance using this results. We used M/M/C/K model, and analyzed traffic performance of macrocell with handoff area variation of microcell.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.101-122
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• 1994

This paper is one of the sequels from 'A Survey of Villages and Dwellings of Korean Immigrants in the North-Eastern Part of China'. It is the result of the extensive survey of Ch'ang-ts'ai-tsun village and covers several architectural characteristics of the dwellings. This paper alma to identify the 'double file' dwelling type, which is believed as one of the main stream of Korean folk dwelling. In this type, 'Chung-ju-kan' forms the central open space, where main household functions are carried out. This type originates from climatic reasons and functional reasons as well. This paper also aims to clarify how the dwelling forms are changed according to the life styles of various periods. The Korean immigrants in this village have experienced rapid changes in modern times like other Chinese. Through various political movements, the original dwelling type of this village has changed to adapt various needs and functions, which shows the simple truth : dwelling form changes according to the changes of life style and social structure. In this paper the directions of chimney through various periods are analyzed to verify the differences of the house layout methods and concepts of the time. The village had grown through 3 main periods before liberation period(1946), communization period(1946 - 1966) and contemporary period (1967 - ). It is concluded as follows: 1. The village was originated in late 19th century along the east-west street, which was a major routes of Korean Immigrants to China. In this area there was no regularity in its site plan. The direction of chimney, which was usually westward, was not determined according to the location of gate. This type was kept until liberization of this area, 1946. The plans of dwellings followed Ham-kyong-do 'double file' dwelling type, '6-kan dwelling' or '8-kan dwelling'. 2. The 'New Village' area, which was formed in the communization period, has a strict regularity in its site plan. The direction of chimney was determined as opposite direction of the gate. This method was maintained until 1976, when Mao died and new 'open' policy was held by Chinese government. In this area the 'dwelling house' plan type was not changed, but its layout and size were restricted. The general form of the dwelling in this village was shaped in this period. 3. The contemporary dwellings were built in random site location. The dwelling type was changed because of the reduction of family size and the permissin of private ownership. The number of rooms was reduced but the storage rooms and domestic animal hutches were added. But the 'Chung-ju-kan', the major chacteristics of north-eastern Korea dwelling is still kept. It becomes one large 'Chtin-ju-kan' room like 'open plan' type.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.47-54
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• 2016

Background: Losing balance during locomotive actions becomes an increasing threat to both the community-dwelling elderly and elderly with Parkinson disease (PD). Those with PD may be at a high risk of fall due to particular characteristics during the turn. Turning around during locomotive actions may be one of problematic factors causing losing balance. Objects: This study is part of a larger study, which in part aims to identify turning strategies, to compare the strategies in the elderly with and without idiopathic PD aged 51 years and older and to distinguish whether the turning strategies can predict the elderly at risk of falls. Methods: A total of 22 community-dwelling elderlies (10 elderlies with idiopathic PD and 12 healthy elderlies) were investigated for the turning strategies during the timed up and go test. Results: There were some significant differences between the two groups during turning (p<.05). The idiopathic PD group had a tendency of challenging on taking more number of steps, more time to accomplish and staggering more for the turn relative to the control group. Conclusion: Taking more number of steps and more time to turn may be useful for distinguishing the characteristics of PD from that of the healthy elderly in turning strategy.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the environment of optimal location of the dwelling (hereafter referred as dwelling site) in the Neolithic Age found in Unseo-dong relics group, Yeongjong-do, Incheon from the geographical and geomorphological perspectives. For this purpose, micro-landform, altitude, gradient, distance from the river of water available for use and the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use based on change of dwelling site over periods were analyzed targeting ground surface of hills where individual dwelling sites (a total of 68 sites) discovered in investigation area so far. As a result, it was shown that the Upper sideslope were selected as the primary dwelling location standard in investigation area where the Neolithic people lived upon selecting the dwelling site (or settlement). In addition, the ground surface of dwelling site had the altitude of 21-31m and slope of $5-10^{\circ}$ (gentle slope) as the secondary and it had distance of 514-549m from the river of water available for use and difference of 11-23m between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use. Thus, it was shown that the space to get water relatively easy from two places at the same time was the secondary dwelling location standard.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

In the modernization process of the city, urbanization raised a variety of social issues. Urbanization brought noticeable changes in dwelling patterns, such as drastic changes in the housing lifestyle, that revolved around the metropolitan areas of Seoul and Busan etc. before and after the expansion of economic growth. Especially in 1985, when 23.8% of the country's population was concentrated in Seoul, the imbalance of housing supply and demand caused a vast range of housing shortage. The shortage, that resulted from public sector mishandling of natural housing demand, lead to the occurrence of private sector rental housing. The occurrence of this abnormal rental housing supply, became a major cause of Korea's typical lease system called 'Co-dwelling', where the leaseholder and tenant physically lives in the same residence. The leaseholder and tenant's 'Co-dwelling' started from partial renting of traditional Korean-style housing and transformed with the transition of dwelling form and time. However, after 1985, legalization of multi-family housing, Korean rental housing started to be planned in the beginning of it's housing construction and to be produced as an independent space with separate circulation. Also in terms of facility, it changed from partial renting of a space within the residence to an assembly of small individual spaces. However, the background of this deep-rooted 'Co-dwelling' lease system, in different forms and periods of residence, is still based on the lack of public sector rental housing supply and private sector supply of rental space to utilize extra space, 'Jeonsei' payment.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.17
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• pp.136-142
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• 1998

In early 20th Century Neo Art Movement and Fuctionalim in Europe effected to create new tendency as Modern Design and technical development through Industrial Revolution offered technical background to realize Modern Design. All these things were basic to establish 1920s and the concept as Modern Design had been established at this time in field of Architecture and design. Thubular-steel Chair which used industrial material based on social andtechnical circumstance came out as an epochal event and which symbolize Modern Design have enlarged their concept with 1920s European Dwelling Space. According to each tendency arrange characteristics as classifying on the society-cultural spatial plastic technical sides multiple dwelling house and tubular-steel chair for low income brackets have characteristic of (1) the pursuit of social functionalism design for public(socity-cultural characteristics) (2) the pursuit of simplicity based on functionalism (plastic charcteristics) (3) the standardization for mass production (technical characteristc). In conclusion the characteristics of tubular-steel chair which correspond with dwelling space in 1920's is presented a type for relation between furniture and space which correspond with formating in the formative period of Modern-design.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.256-265
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate agitation in home-dwelling persons with dementia and coping behaviors of primary family care-givers to agitation. Methods: The research was designed as a descriptive study. A total of two hundred and five subjects had participated in this study. To measure agitation in persons with dementia, Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory was used. To measure coping behaviors of primary family care-givers to the agitation, a questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$ test were used to answer the research objectives. Results: 'Repetitive mannerisms' and 'repeating sentences' were the most commonly occurred agitation in home-dwelling persons with dementia. 'Leaving the situation', 'allowing certain time', and 'soothing by talking' were the most common coping behaviors occurred in primary care-givers. Conclusion: The findings of the current study would provide meaningful data to develop nursing programs to control agitation for home-dwelling persons with dementia and education programs for primary care-givers to cope with persons' agitation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.145-149
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• 2006

China which has 960km of domain area is one of the biggest countries in the world. Also China has a large population of 1,300,000,000 which are 25% of total world population and consist of 56 ethnic groups. In addition, History of China is immemorial and Confucianism of feudalistic and Taoism idea have effect on Chinese for a long time and architecture is influenced by them. Thus a large degree of variety, abundance, and uniqueness can be found in Chinese traditional dwelling. This research will be focusing on Sanapwon, a traditional housing in Beijing, which represents China's original and distinctive dwelling features. By looking at Sanapwon, we can learn the distinguishable characteristics of Chinese residential area and understand the concept of space. By looking closely at the worldly outlook, historical view, originality, and the spatial notion centered around human beings, many types of Sanapwon and its formation process have been examined Likewise indoor plane construction, and basic element of composition of space will help to study the whole of residing space.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2003

The purpose of this research is to document and analyse spatial transformation of an unauthorized dwelling units on a peculiar site of Seoul. It's physically attached to the behind part of the west boundary wall of Chang-Duk Palace. These dwelling units took not only the site, the narrow street which had been a stream, but also the two parallel walls of others for their home. The two walls, one from the palace wall and the other from the wall of a house which distanced itself from the palace wall about 3.5 m for the reason of the Cultural Properties Protection Law, have been held as the main structural members in forming the shelter. With examining the realm of time which provide the base of the spatial realm, this research shows how the multiple linkages tangled in an illegal shack did gain and actualize an architectural language of idiosyncrasy with spontaneous order inherent in inhabitants.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.223-228
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• 2002

This study is a preference reversal about a policeman image and evaluation by roadside higher stories meeting dwelling pot to the center, and it is an examination, the thing that it analyzed by proposals. Preference anger Was high, and as for the results, the pot which I gave, and bronze was mixed, and formed the skyline with a change appeared with a height and a form of reveal a cross section in meeting dwelling pot star preference evaluation results cluster older brother contrariety. Also, it was arranged the parallel that older brother was parallel in the printing which was monotonous if I wore 1, and the pot that time a little shielding anger was high was evaluated because preference anger was low. Therefore, consideration about a the number of layers interval change must be in order a higher stories meeting dwelling pot reduces that I go for a closing of crossways in the future, and to be able to feel variety with a form enemy.