• 한국가구학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2015

The Netherlands' contemporary Art Furniture has drawn large attention from design and art fields all around the world because of Dutch designers' intriguing themes and experimental approaches. Its successful achievement not comes from certain policies or personalities, but the result of ceaseless internal criticisms and self examinations. After World War II, Modernism was the most common notion of furniture design for mass production in the Netherlands like other nations, but Dutch designers and critics put modernist canon up for discussion since 1960s. They have searched counter modernist design for expression of human element and warmth using art works, craft, and Postmodernism theory, etc. Throughout design debate of modernism, free design, design as art and conceptual design, now we could observe Dutch designer's unique and distinguished Art Furniture in the influential places. By analyzing the development of the Netherlands' contemporary Art Furniture in chronological sequences, we could understand them better and learn something useful to Art Furniture in South Korea.

• Architectural research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2016

This paper examines the Dutch policy for architecture and spatial design within the framework of the theory of creative industries. Creative industries are a young concept that emerged in the mid 1980's as a form of commercial cultural production associated with consumerism. The definition of the cultural industry is rather ambiguous in terms of its scope and its relation to the traditional field of art and cultural heritage. The paper describes the theory of the creative industry and relates the Dutch policy for architecture and spatial design to the creative industries theory. The sector of architecture and spatial design in the Netherlands has since the early 1990's been systematically supported by a national policy. Within this period a sophisticated infrastructure of institutions and funding incentives has created a successful and active culture of architecture, spatial design, architectural curating, architecture criticism, education, talent development, and research. Critical success factors for the Dutch policy are the separation of the cultural policy for architecture and spatial design from the art and cultural heritage sector, the 'depth' of the Dutch policy extending into fields not directly related to architecture and spatial design as well as the pro active role of the public sector assigning a central role to the architect and involving him in the beginning of the process.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.64-68
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• 2001

As Dutch structuralism discovered a possibility that can improve the problem of modem architecture through study on non-western area. Dutch structuralism had tremendous impact on Philosophy, psychology, art history and the style of a dress and many other cultural trend. In architecture, Aldo van Eyck embodied that theory and succeeded to Herman Hertzberger and Piet Blom. As result Structuralism related with architecture has dealt with the participation and domain of residents, namely public domain and private domain, the approach property of public space, middle domain which shows the harmony between public domain and private one, and the structuralism discovered that each element of public space and private space has been developed as an architectural type that makes a group by repetitive arrangement and it found out a possibility that can make up problems overlooked in modem architecture through development and change.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2014

This is a study on the application of a dialectic way of thinking in terms of design methods, and has contents about the formation of new visual and the ways of process that are triggered by cognitive introspection. A ccordingly, the study has its purposes in interpretation and recommendation of new methodological systems around dialectic principles and ways of thinking on the works of the Dutch Architecture Exhibition carried out in Korea in 2013, with the theme of "Reuse" among the aspects expanding since the reflexive modernization. Firstly, the basic features of Dutch designs were connected to dialectic ways of thinking. After studying the basic concepts of dialectics from Greek philosophies to Kant, Hegel, Marx and Benjamin, the aspects of applying them onto creative works such as art, architecture and design were methodologically systematized. Through this process, it was confirmed that the existing concepts are newly rearranged rationally, logically and scientifically based on dialectic ways of thinking rather than subjectively or emotionally. From the study of the 12 art works, it was confirmed that the value of use and potential obstacles have been used as a design solution. Also, the process which is juxtaposed with the result by itself has been expressed and causes the alienation effect. Therefore, such dialectic ways of thinking was organized into a procedural flow of contradictory recognition on situations, drive due to negativity, mutual penetration, mutual transformation, abstraction, verbalizing and creation of new concepts, and it was confirmed that such finding was valid in securing creative possibilities as 'New Uses' rather than 'Re-uses'.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제9호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1996

This study is to present the design methods in the Schrider House executed by the Dutch architect G. Th, Rieveld. The plastic principles which underlies the architecture design are examined through the analysis of the 'new structural joint system (Cartesian Coordinate System) ' and ' Color-Plasticity ' which characterized a series of his furniture design from 1918 to 1924. It indicates that Reitveld attempted to realize the simplicity, clarity and flexibility of spatial expression in his first independent architecture by the application of technical skills which have been developed in his early days.

• 한국화예디자인학연구
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• 제44호
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• pp.33-51
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• 2021

본 논문은 17세기부터 18세기 초반까지의 네덜란드 꽃정물화를 대상으로 조형적 특징을 분석하였다. 그리고, 꽃정물화의 조형적인 특성이 꽃정물화 수요의 관계 안에서 변화하고 있음을 설명하였다. 네덜란드의 꽃정물화는 외국에서 수입된 희귀하고 값비싼 꽃들을 조화롭게 구성헌 그림으로 감상과 수집 취미를 동시에 충족할 할 수 있는 가치가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 가장 일반적이고, 꽃정물화의 본질을 잘 나타내는 화병에 꽂힌 꽃다발 그림을 연구 대상으로 한정하였다. 17세기 초반의 네덜란드는 유럽 최고의 경제적 중심지로 무역과 상업에 종사하는 시민계층이 사회의 주류를 이루었다. 이들은 자신의 경제적 이익과 미적 취향의 충족, 그리고 부를 과시하고자 미술작품을 구매하였다. 그중에 꽃정물화의 인기는 신대륙으로부터 들어온 희귀한 꽃들에 대한 집중된 수요와 관계있었다. 사업에 성공한 부유한 시민계층의 취향은 꽃의 정체성을 확인할 수 있는 실제와 똑같은 그림이 중요했다. 따라서 초기 꽃정물화는 희귀한 꽃들의 이상적인 모습을 완벽하게 묘사하고, 공간감을 강조하여 실제 공간 속에 놓인 꽃처럼 보이게 하는 사실감이 뛰어났다. 그러나 17세기 중반 이후 네덜란드의 경제적 성장이 둔화되고, 부유한 시민계층이 금리 생활자인 도시 귀족으로 변화하면서 꽃정물화의 수요는 주관적인 감성을 중시하는 경향으로 나아갔다. 귀족적이면서도 비대칭적이고, 극적인 키아로스쿠로의 표현이 두드러졌다. 더 나아가 18세기에는 환영주의를 포기한 평면적인 표현방식으로 장식적인 효과를 강화하는 새로운 미를 추구했다. 이러한 점에서 볼 때 현대미술의 문을 열었다고 평가되는 낭만주의는 네덜란드 시민문화의 미적 취향으로부터 시작된 것이라고 봐도 과언이 아니다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2005

This study attempts to suggest new directions of urban multi-family housing design in the recent era of information, in which the representation of publicity and privacy of the housing reflects new meanings and relationships of the current digital society. The study examines cases of Dutch multi-family housing and investigates the meanings and relationships of publicity and privacy in the building as well as unit design of the housings. Borneo-Sporenburg housing development is a good example that suggests new interpretation and design solution for low-rise, high-density multi-family housing. Thus, this study analyzes street patterns, facade design, and ways of housing unit combination in Borneo-Sporenburg housing and concludes as follows. First, public space in Borneo-Sporenburg housing, which was designed differently from hierarchical and centripetal organization of modern architecture, is divided into small units and spread into the inside, which provides high potential for personal control of space and personal programming of space by space choices. Second, street pattern and facade design of Borneo-Sporenburg housing provide visual publicity and privacy simultaneously as they maintain unity as a whole as well as articulate individual unit in many different ways and provide clues to neighboring. Streets as a public domain have self-controlled boundaries for residents and introduce voluntary use-programs for residents. Third, facades of the housing have no inter-mediate space or common space, and confront streets directly. Space in-between is composed inside the facade and extends into the streets by residents' own choices. Fourth, privacy and individuality of the housing is strengthened. Units of the housing have individual entrances, unique plan type and complicated combination of space that all together emphasize individuality of units, however they are not often notified from the outside.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.468-473
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• 2012

Cost is an important aspect in designing a target drone, however the poor performance of low cost IMU, GPS, and microcontrollers prevents the use of complex algorithms, such as ARS, or INS/GPS to estimate attitude angles. We propose an autopilot which uses rate gyro and GPS only for a target drone to follow a prescribed path for anti-aircraft training. The autopilot consists of an altitude hold, roll hold, and path following controller. The altitude hold controller uses vertical speed output from a GPS to improve phugoid damping. The roll hold controller feeds back yaw rate after filtering the dutch roll oscillation to estimate the roll angle. The path following controller operates as an outer loop of the altitude and roll hold controllers. A 6-DOF simulation showed that the proposed autopilot guides the target drone to follow a prescribed path well from the view point of anti-aircraft gun training.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1614-1623
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• 2015

The objectives of the current experiment were to study the response of the growth performance of early finishing gilts to different net energy (NE) concentrations in diets, and to compare the NE values of diets between calculated NE values and measured NE values using French and Dutch CVB (Centraal Veevoederbureau; Central Bureau for Livestock Feeding) NE systems. In a metabolism trail, the NE concentrations in five diets used for the growth trial were determined based on digestible nutrient concentrations, digestible energy, and metabolizable energy using a replicated $5{\times}5$ Latin square design with 10 barrows (initial body weight [BW], $39.2{\pm}2.2kg$). In a growth trial, a total of 60 early finishing gilts (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire; initial BW, $47.7{\pm}3.5kg$) were allotted to five dietary treatments of 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, and 12.0 MJ NE/kg (calculated, as-is basis) with 12 replicate pens and one pig per pen in a 42-d feeding experiment. The NE and amino acid (AA) concentrations in all diets were calculated based on the values from NRC (2012). Ratios between standardized ileal digestible AA and NE concentrations in all diets were closely maintained. Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. Results indicated that calculated NE concentrations in diets (i.e., five dietary treatments) were close to measured NE concentrations using French NE system in diets. The final BW was increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) with increasing NE concentrations in diets. Furthermore, average daily gain (ADG) was increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.01) with increasing NE concentrations in diets. There was a quadratic relationship (p<0.01) between average daily feed intake and NE concentrations in diets. Feed efficiency (G:F) was also increased (linear, p<0.01) as NE concentrations in diets were increased. The NE intake per BW gain (kcal NE/kg of BWG) was increased (linear, p<0.01) with increasing NE concentrations in diets that were predicted from both French and Dutch CVB NE systems. Linear regression indicated that predictability of daily NE intake from the BW of pigs was very low for both French ($R^2$, 0.366) and Dutch CVB ($R^2$, 0.374) NE systems. In conclusion, increasing NE concentrations in diets increase BW, ADG, G:F, and NE intake per BW gain of early finishing gilts. The BW of early finishing gilts is not a good sole variable for the prediction of daily NE intake.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2008

Johannes Vermeer is one of the masters in the 17th century Dutch Genre Painting. Genre Painting represented the mundane everyday life and humble domestic spaces of the time. It was so unique in the history of western art. Most common subjects of the medieval art had been myths, historical heroes, and the christianity up to that time. However, Dutch Genre Painting that was originated from the 16th century Flandre art has fundamentally changed perception of art. Genre Painting was related to the prosperous development of civil society and early capitalism in the Netherlands of the time. In the paintings of Vermeer, there are unique spatial characteristics. This study aims to 'spatially' analyze the representation of everyday space perceived by the painter himself. Three analytical elements were chosen: light, space, and geometry. These elements have crucial roles to construct a space together within which Vermeer tried to express his discoveries as well as perception of the world. Four paintings were selected to be further analyzed in detail: $\ulcorner$A Maid Asleep$\lrcorner$ (1656-57), $\ulcorner$The Little Street$\lrcorner$ (1658-60), $\ulcorner$The Music Lesson$\lrcorner$ (1662-1665), and $\ulcorner$Young Woman with a Water Pitcher$\lrcorner$ (1662). It has been found that there are distinct spatial aspects in his paintings: Structure of Frontal Layers, Diffusion of Light, and Subtle Geometrical Tension. It is hoped that this sort of interdisciplinary research could enrich the related studies in the field of architecture & interior design, and could help to rediscover the everyday world that we live in here and now.