• Smart Media Journal
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.120-129
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• 2015

Explosion effect on CG (Computer Graphic) a visual effect on which a higher degree of technological difficulty is required with a variety of effect elements such as Fire, Smoke, Flame, Dust, Debris, etc. integrated on it. As skills for CG software have been advanced, solutions loaded with functions of various fluid simulation have been developed. So more realistic special effects came to be available. However, in Korea, it depends just on CG program functions. Besides, enough R&D's concerned have not been followed up. Accordingly, this study is aimed at offering a production method that may effectively implement more realistic explosion effects under experimentations. To begin with, the study derives problems through a precedent study of the implementation of existing explosion effects. Then to solve them, experimental studies are performed depending on four solutions. There are accesses to the four solutions: first, Numerous Turbulent Flow, a method to allow an attribute of turbulent air in the stage of fluid simulation; second, Cache Retiming Solution produced in script; third, Multiple Volume Container based on cached data; and fourth, RGB Lighting Pipeline, a method to enhance the completion of the result from the stage of composition. Characteristics of effects applied in each stage and consecutive connections of them proved the effective implementation of more realistic explosion effects. This study may not only suppose the production method for efficient explosion effects differentiated from the previous ones but also be utilized as basic data for relevant researches.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.236-239
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• 2007

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.152-152
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• 2021

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.7-12
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• 1999

Thermal properties of EVA dust and its risks of coexisting with oxidizer were investigated by a pressure vessel. The decomposition of EVA dust with temperature using DSC and the weight loss with temperature using TGA were also investigated to find the thermal hazard of EVA dust. Using the pressure vessel which can estimate ignition and explosion of EVA dust coexisting with oxidizer by bursting of a rupture disc, many experiments have been conducted by varying the orifice diameter, heating rate, the weight ratio of the sample coexisting with oxidizer, and the species of oxidizer. According to the results of the thermal analysis of EVA dust, a little change of the decomposition initiation temperature with the heating rate could be found and the decomposition temperature zone of EVA dust was 250 to 50$0^{\circ}C$. The risk of EVA dust coexisting with oxidizer was increased as the orifice diameter was decreased. On the other hand, it was increased as the heating rate and the weight ratio of the sample coexisting with oxidizer were increased. In addition, the risk of EVA dust coexisting with oxidizer was affected by the decomposition temperature of the sample and oxidizer, respectively, at slow heating rate, but it was affected by the oxygen weight percent of oxidizer at fast heating rate.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 1998

According to the results for the thermodynamic stability of feed-stuff dust, there are little change of initiation temperature of heat generation and heating value for used particle size. But initiation temperature of heat generation decreased with high heating rate whereas decomposition heat increased with particle size. Using the supporting gas, O2, initiation temperature of heat generation decreased remarkably than using the inert gas, N2, and heating value increased as twenty times under the same condition. When the ignition energy is given from the outside, used fine particle which can float in the air easily reacted tremendously with oxygen. Average maximum explosion pressure was 6.88 Kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ for 80/100 mesh.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Article 325 (Prevention of Fire Explosion due to Electrostatic) of the Rule for Occupational Safety and Health Standard specifies that in order to prevent the risk of disasters caused by static electricity, fire, explosion and static electricity in the production process, However, in order to do this, it is absolutely necessary to use a pre-detection technology and a detector for antistatic discharge prediction, which is a precautionary measure by static electricity in a fire / explosion hazard place, but in Korea, And there is no technical standard for the application of the technology of the explosion proof structure of the related equipment. Research methods include domestic and overseas electrostatic discharge detection technology and literature investigation of related equipment explosion proofing technology, domestic and foreign electrostatic discharge detection device production and use situation investigation, advanced foreign technology data analysis and benchmarking. In particular, we sought to verify the results of empirical experiments using electrostatic discharge detection technology through sample purchase and analysis of related major products, development of optimization technology through prototype production, evaluation, and supplementation, and expert knowledge through expert consultation. The results of this study were developed and fabricated two prototypes of electrostatic discharge detector based on the technology / standard related to electrostatic discharge detection technology in Korea and abroad through development of electrostatic discharge detection technology and development and production of detector. In addition, based on the development of electrostatic discharge detection technology, we developed an intrinsic safety explosion proof ib class explosion proof technology applicable to the process of using and handling flammable gas and flammable liquid vapor and combustible dust. In the case of the over voltage and minimum voltage are supplied to the explosion-proof structure ESD detector, check the state of the circuit and the transient and transient currents generated by the coil and capacitor elements during the input and standby of the signal pulse voltage. Explosion-proof equipment-Part 11: Intrinsically safe explosion proof structure The comparative evaluation with the reference curve in Annex A of "i" confirms that the characteristics of the intrinsically safe explosion protection structure are met.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.41-53
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• 1983

The Dangri Crushed Stone Quarry is located in Dangridong, Busan City, and around the estuary of the Nagdong River. The quarry is considered to be a very promised one in the urban area from the standpoints of the assessment of the aggregate rank, the environmental impacts and the transportation distance. The crushed stones for aggregate of the quarry marks the higher rank in the gravity, the absorption ratio, the abrasion ratio, and the stability in comparison with the JISA 5005. The basement vibrations of the residential section in the vicinity of the quarry, which are arised by the millisecond blasting at the quarry site using the gelatin dynamites less than 39kg in weight, are measured to assess the vibration nuisance. The values of acceleration and the magnitudes are less than eight gals and O on the Richter scale respectively, the vibration nuisance thus can be ignored in such scales of the experiments. The traffic vibrations of the residential section are slightly susceptible. In the experiments, the traffic vibrations appears to be sensibler to the basement than the explosion vibration. The explosion noises in the experiments are not checked not only on the RION Sound Level Meter but also to our ears. The values of traffic noises also are in the safety values of the noise nuisance. The crush dust suspends in the air toward the upper valley in the opposite side of the residential area because of the influences of the sea breeze and the valley wind in the daytime, and the monsoon and the topographic disposition. the dust nuisance thus would not be remained in problem. The quarry is operated in the daytime only. The traffic dust in the residential area will be reduced by the faultless pavement and the careful driving. The elaborate survey on the ridges and peaks surrounded the quarry is recommended to prevent in advance the accidents of the rock slide. Moreover, it is required to make an advisory committee to develop the industry and to save the techniques. The most important matter is the accomodation between the attitude of the enterprising man for the social responsibility to the public nuisance and the cooperative spirit of the inhabitants for the industry.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.705-709
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• 2009

Based on experimental study of lycopodium dust particles' behavior, we suggest the flame propagation model through dust clouds. With dust concentration, flame velocity reaches a maximum value at $170g/m^3$ to exceed the stoichometric concentration for lycopodium-air mixture combustion and decreases slightly in the richer side of $500g/m^3$. At $47{\sim}200g/m^3$, mean velocity of particle increases in proportion to flame velocity. As the sum of burning rate and particle velocity is approximate in flame velocity, the flame propagation velocity with lycopodium dust concentration can be estimated by the calculation and it was found that behavior of particles is useful for better understanding of dust flame propagation velocity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.137-140
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• 2004

The minimum ignition temperature at which the dust cloud can spontaneously ignite is considered to be very important in industries to prevent explosion occurring in hot surfaces. This paper has dealt with the experimental study of the determination of minimum ignition temperature of Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) dust cloud. We have used the Godbert-Greenwald Furnace Apparatus to determine the ignition temperature and limiting oxyten concentration for dust could. The experimental determinations on the minimum ignition temperature were carried out with various particle size with nominal diameters 45, 75 and 106${\mu}m$. The limiting oxygen concentration of dust cloud was determinated for the smaller size(45${\mu}m$) HPMC. Minimum ignition temperature of dust cloud was at 364$^{\circ}C$ for the concentration of 2.5g/L in the air and became higher with the increasing of nitrogen concentration. It was also found that the ignition didn't occur when the oxygen concentration was below 10%, and limiting oxygen concentration is at 11%.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.359-365
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• 2021

We investigated experimentally the ignition characteristic of dust and the hazard evaluating for electrostatic discharge. The ignition energy experiments were performed on sample dusts such as PE(HD), PE(LD), PMMA using the MIKE-3 apparatus. The formation of flame during the ignition of PE(HD) dust clouds occurred after the delay time of about 8 ms, and the flame kernels were not observed in center of ignition occurrence area. The voltage increased with increasing the number of dust dispersions and the increase rate of measured voltage with dust concentration was the highest in the order of PMMA, PE(LD) and PE(HD). For the effect of dispersion condition on the voltage in PE(HD) dust, the results were obtained that the voltage increased as the number of dispersions increased and as the concentration increased under the same dispersion number. The safety voltages to prevent fire and explosions by electrostatic ignition were estimated that PE(HD), PE(LD)-1, PE(LD)-2, and PMMA were 2.58, 44.72, 25.82, and 8.16 kV, respectively. We proposed the method for estimating the minimum ignition energy by using the measured voltage data for efficient investigation of electrostatic ignition hazard.