• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2021

As rice originates from tropical regions, low temperature stress during the germination stage in temperate regions leads to serious problems inhibiting germination and seedling establishment. Identifying and characterizing quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for low-temperature germination (LTG) resistance help accelerate the development of rice cultivars with LTG tolerance. In this study, we identified QTLs for LTG tolerance (qLTG5, qLTG9) and germination coefficient of velocity under optimal conditions (OGCV) (qOGCV7, qOGCV9) using 129 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between a low-temperature sensitive line Milyang23 and a low-temperature tolerant variety Gihobyeo. qLTG9 and qOGCV9 were detected at the same location on chromosome 9. At both LTG QTLs (qLTG5 and qLTG9), the alleles for LTG tolerance were contributed by the japonica variety Gihobyeo. At qOGCV7 and qOGCV9, the alleles for low temperature tolerance were derived from Milyang23 and Gihobyeo, respectively. The RILs with desirable alleles at two or more QTLs, i.e., GroupVII: qLTG5+qLTG9 (qOGCV9) and GroupVIII: qLTG5+qOGCV7+qLTG9 (qOGCV9), showed stable tolerance under low-temperature stress. Our results are expected to contribute to the improvement of tolerance to low-temperature and anaerobic stress in japonica rice, which would lead to the wide adoption of direct-seeding practices.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.162-169
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• 2020

This study was conducted from November 25 to December 4, 2019, to unmask differences in physical fitness based on the weight class of high school Ssirum elite-players. A total of 28 high school Ssirum elite-players were compared and analyzed by measuring physical factors (muscle strength/power, agility, anaerobic power, aerobic ability, flexibility, and isokinetic muscle function) by weight class. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 23.0. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups. There was no difference by weight class in terms of grip strength, sit-ups, sergeant jump, long jump, flexibility, side step, and reaction time. Evaluation of back muscle strength revealed that the group with more than 100 kg had greater strength than lower weight categories, whereas it was lower in the sit-ups, 20 m shuttle run and the relative values anaerobic power. Considering isokinetic muscle function, no difference was observed between the groups of back muscle strength and knee joint. The results of this study indicate that amongst the high school Ssirum elite-players, there is no difference in muscle power, flexibility, agility, and anaerobic average power per body weight, isokinetic trunk strength, and knee flexion strength, when evaluated according to weight class.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.311-327
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• 2021

Background and objective: Recent urban agriculture meets the needs of urban residents that safety and avoids using chemical pesticides. This study was conducted to identify various factors of companion planting affecting the growth of cherry tomatoes, which will promoting urban agriculture by improving socioeconomic satisfaction with gardening activities through quality. Methods: Four types of companion plants such as marigold, zinnia, spearmint and basil, that have a companion effect with growth, sugar content, and vitamin C content. We obtained the mean and standard deviation and tested the significance at a 95% confidence level (p < .05) with Duncan's multiple range test after one way ANOVA and MANOVA. Results: Compared to monoculture of cherry tomatoes, the plant growth in the treatment plots with companion planting showed a significant increase overall(p < .05), but there wasn't interaction effect among companion plants, planting ratio and type. As for the absorption of inorganic components, the companion planting showed better absorption than monoculture of cherry tomatoes, as favorable growth, and there was an interaction effect among the individual factors. The sugar content was higher than the standard sugar content of 5.8 brix in both the treatment plots at the control, and vitamin C content was higher than the control at 26.27mg/100g in all treatment plots, but there wasn't statistically significant difference. The soil pH in the cultivation plot ranges from 5.5 to 9.0 and was weakly alkaline in all treatment plots except zinnia, showing low contents of phosphoric acid, exchageable potassium, calcium and magnesium. Conclusion: This study was conducted to analyze various factors such as the growth of cherry tomatoes, contents of inorganic components, sugar content and vitamin C content of fruits, and soil analysis according to companion plants, planting type, and planting ratio. We will study sugar content by measuring the change in growth every phase of fruits.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.131-140
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• 2013

Offspring of 14 sows were used to evaluate the effect of yogurt substituted for creep feed on growth performance, diarrhea score and blood profiles. The piglets of sows were randomly allocated into 1 of 2 treatments (1 treatment separated piglets of 7 sows). The dietary treatments were as followed: CF, creep feed; YG, yogurt. The creep feed and yogurt diets were given from 3 d after piglets were born to the day of weaning (21 d after piglets were born). The body weight and feed consumption were weighed and recorded at d 0, 7, 14, and 21 after piglets were born for calculating average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI). At the weaning day, two piglets were randomly chosen from each pen and bled via jugular venipuncture to obtain blood samples for WBC and IgG measurement. All data were subjected to the GLM procedures of SAS (2002) as a randomized complete block design, with pen as the experimental unit. Differences among dietary treatments were separated by Duncan's multiple range test, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. No significant difference (P > 0.05) were observed in number of born piglets, weaning pigs, survival rate, body weight of piglets at d 0, 7, 14, and 21, ADG and ADFI. At d 21, piglets fed with creep feed had a higher (P < 0.05) IgG compared with piglets fed with yogurt. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in WBC among treatments at d 21. In conclusion, yogurt substituted for creep feed had no adverse effect on growth performance in lactating piglets.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.459-469
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• 2022

This study aims to provide basic data for the development of teaching methods to improve the performance confidence of performing core basic nursing skills in nursing students while availing of online education owing to COVID-19. Data were collected from 146 students in the Department of Nursing at N University located in C city. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, difference, correlation analysis, and multiple regression by using SPSS 23.0 program.. The subjects' performance confidence of core basic nursing skills was dependent on self-directed learning readiness (r=.368, p<.001), intrinsic goal motivation (r=.232, p=.005), extrinsic goal motivation (r=.344, p<.001), task value (r=.237, p=<.001), control of learning beliefs (r=.262, p=<.001), and self-efficacy for learning and performance (r=.443), p<.001) with a significant positive correlation. The results indicate that the factors influencing the subjects' performance confidence of core basic nursing skills were the 4th grade (β=0.413, p<.001), extrinsic goal motivation (β=0.307, p<.001), and self-efficacy for learning and performance (β=0.316, p=.005), and the explanatory power was 35.8% (F=8.354, p<.001). The research results showed that it is necessary to develop and apply various online-centered teaching and learning methods to increase the extrinsic goal motivation and self-efficacy for learning and performance of nursing students to enhance their performance confidence of core basic nursing skills. This will serve as a basis for preparing effective online centered nursing education strategies to improve performance confidence of core basic nursing skills.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

It has been shown that both caloric restriction and exercise, enhances glucose uptake through translocation of GLUT-4 protein. It remains unclear how exercise and caloric restriction affect the changes in VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein) in skeletal muscle and GLUT-2 in liver. This study investigated the effects of exercise training and caloric restriction on the expressions of glucose transport relating proteins in muscle and liver tissues in diabetic rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (250±10 g; 8 week in age) were assigned equally to four different groups; control (C), exercise only (E), dietary restriction only (D) and dietary restriction and exercise (DE). Daily food consumption was monitored to establish baseline intake. Both C and E groups consumed baseline food intake while D and DE groups were provided with only 60% of baseline total food intake. Forty-eight hours after intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg), diabetes was confirmed (8-hr fasting blood glucose levels ≥300 mg/dl). Rats in the E and DE groups exercised on a motorized treadmill for 30 min/d, 5 days/week for 4 weeks (5 min running at 3 m/min, 0% grade; 8 m/min for the next 5min, and then 15 m/min for 20 min). Rats were sacrificed 48 hrs after the last bout of exercise. Soleus muscle and liver were extracted to analyze for GLUT-4, VAMP-2, and GLUT-2, respectively. All variables were analyzed using the Western Blotting technique. All values were expressed as optical volume measured by optical density. A Two-way ANOVA was used to examine the difference between groups and applied Duncan's test for post-hoc. No significant differences in GLUT-2 expression were found among groups. However, E (280133±13228 arbitrary units{AU}) and DE (268833±14424 AU) groups showed significantly higher (p<.001) levels of GLUT-4 as compared with C (34461±2099 AU) and D groups (27847±703 AU). VAMP-2 protein expression increased (p<.001) in E (184137±7803 AU) and DE (189800±10856 AU) groups as compared to C (74201±8296AU) and D (72967±863 AU) groups. These results suggest that either exercise with or without caloric restriction increases the up-regulation of GLUT-4 and VAMP-2 in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. However, GLUT-2 protein in liver was not affected by either exercise or exercise with caloric restriction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.321-321
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• 2022

Wheat was brought to solve food scarcity with aid from the United States caused by the Korean War. The Korean government launched a campaign to encourage mixed rice and wheat meals due to shortage of rice production in the 1960s, Wheat consumption began in earnest. However, it is difficult to rebuild the domestic wheat production base devastated by the Korean War with the technology at the time. Thus, wheat was mainly consumed from imported in the past. Since then, as wheat consumption has increased due to westernization and diversification of dietary life, wheat became the second staple grain in Korea. In this situation, the government enacted the Wheat Industry Promotion Act to create a basis for sustainable production and consumption of wheat in Korea. This study sought to improve the self-sufficiency of domestic wheat by examining the possibility of using "Ariheuk", a variety of new Korean wheat, as a rice supplement in the same context as the govemment's policy. Wheat has been used as a raw material for the processed food, such as noodles and bread. However, we approached it by using whole wheat as a nutritional grain. Participants were recruited from the agri-food consumer panel conducted by Rural Development Administration. We set a final sample of 525 consumer panels based on the age of census household heads. The experiment was conducted in such a way that participants cooked and ate 100% rice meal and rice containing 20% whole wheat meal. Participants completed the sensory evaluation questionnaire with online. For this experiment, all participants were given same whole wheat product. The sensory evaluation questionnaire consisted of color, glossiness, stickiness, aroma, chewing, sweetness, nuttiness, chewiness, softness, bursting, flavor, texture and swallowability. The sensory evaluation results were analyzed by giving -3 points to +3 points. The former points were given to the response that 100% rice meal is very superior to the response that rice containing 20% whole wheat meal. The latter points were given vice versa. Zero point was given to the response that they are similar each other. As a result, rice with 20% whole wheat meal was better than 100% rice meal in terms of color, aroma, chewiness, bursting and flavor. In case of sweetness and glossiness, there didn't exist significantly different. On the other hands, 100% rice meal was better in terms of softness and swallowability. As a result of ANOVA by age groups, from 30s or younger to 60s or more, there was significant difference among the groups in terms of color, chewiness and bursting. As a result of post-hoc analysis with Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05), 50s were evaluated to be significantly superior in color, chewiness and bursting compared to other age groups. In conclusion, it is appropriate to use whole wheat as a supplement to rice in order to improve the self-sufficiency of domestic wheat. As a strategy to promote domestic wheat consumption, in case of Ariheuk, it is necessary to provide an experience through whole wheat tasting and to establish a marketing strategy segmented by age groups.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.92-92
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• 2022

In preparation for the ever-changing climate and unification of North Korea and South Korea, it is necessary to increase the grain self-sufficiency rate by selecting crops with good utilization in high-altitude regions. The principle is to sow pastures at the end of August. However, sowing occurs in spring because the sowing period is missed when the weather is bad or when the workforce is insufficient. Sometimes when the grassland is completely devastated, it is frequently sowed in spring. In addition, North Korea consists of a high-altitude regions, and has been devastated in a general mountainous region. As a result, the landscape is not good and it is vulnerable to natural disasters such as landslides. Therefore, to prevent this, pasture must be sowed in the high-altitude regions. The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare yield and feed value of pasture species and varieties by spring sowing in high-latitude regions. The study was conducted in Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, which is 700m height above sea level. The pasture species and varieties was sown on April 24, 2022. Each treatment was carried out by sowing 30 kg/ha, the experiment field size was 1 m²(1m×1m), and randomized block design with tri-repeat. The total of 14 varieties was used in the study, 6 varieties of Orchardgrass (OG), 6 varieties of Tall fescue (TF) and 2 varieties of Perennial ryegrass (PRG). The grassland composition fertilization using (N:P₂O₅:K₂O at 80:200:70 kg/ha) was conducted and management fertilizer was N:P₂O₅:K₂O at 210:150:180 kg/ha. The first harvest was June 26,2022 and the second harvest was on August 16, 2022. For statistical analysis of the data, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed using the R3.6.3 software program, and all data was subjected to analysis using Duncan's multiple range test. Significance was set at the 5% level. The dry matter yield at the first harvest was the highest in PRG, and second harvest was the highest in TF (p < 0.05). Overall, PRG showed a trend of gradually decreasing growth, OG and TF showed a trend of gradually improving growth. This showed that PRG was considerably weaker to summer depression than other pasture species. Comparing the total dry matter yield, TF was the highest (4,565.45 kg/ha), but there was no significance difference with PRG (4,487.24 kg/ha) (p < 0.05). In addition, comparing the total TDN (total digestible nutrient) yield, TF was the highest (3147.33 kg/ha), second in PRG (2975.67 kg/ha) and third in OG (2052.33 kg/ha). Since this result is the data of the second harvests, if the result is derived by the end of next year, it will be provided as basic data for selection of pasture species and varieties suitable for spring seeding in high-altitude regions.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.212-228
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• 2001

This is a cross-sectional descriptive correlation study that aimed to understand the relationship between the level of sexual contacts during the dates and psycho-social factors in teenage girls who have or had boyfriends. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between sexual contacts and self-esteem and self- assertiveness. The subjects of the study were 6,130 teenage girls who have or had boyfriends. They were selected convienently 12,733 teenage girls from 254 secondary schools located in 7 large cities and 9 provinces in Korea. A structured questionaire was used it included items one general characteristics, the levels of sexual contacts, self-esteem and self-assertiveness. Seven levels of sexual contacts were rated they were holding a hand, putting arms around each other's shoulders, kiss, french kiss, touching breast, petting genitalia, and sexual intercourse during the dates. Self-esteem and self-assertiveness were measured by the "Self-esteem scale" of Rogenberg (1971) and the questionaires developed by S. B. Chang et al(2000), respectively. The self-reported questionaires were collected from October 2, to October 28, 2000 and analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 Program. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, reliability, One-way ANOVA with Duncan method & Scheffe method. The results of the analysis were as follows. 1.An average Percentage of the respondents who have (46.1%) or had (53.9%) boyfriends was 48.1% (n=6,130) and the most common sexual contact during the dates was french kiss (26.7%, n=1,634). While 7.5%(458) of respondents had a sexual intercourse, 13.7%(842) of respondents didn't have any sexual contact during the dates. 2. Distribution of starting point of the first sexual contact demonstrates that 1,950 respondents (31.8%) held partner's hand at the first date and 1,367 respondents (22.3%) put arms around each other's shoulders at the 2nd or 3rd date. Sexual contacts such as kiss, french kiss, touching breast, petting genitalia, or sexual intercourse were experienced mostly at the later than the 10th date. However, surprisingly large number(1.7%) of respondents had genital contact and sexual intercourses at the first date. 3. The means of self-esteem and self-assertiveness socres of the respondents who have or had boyfriends are 27.43$({\pm}4.03)$ and 17.96$({\pm}2.55)$, respectively. The range of scores for self esteem was 10-40, 40 with most self esteem. The range of scores for self assertiveness was 7-21, 21 with most self assertiveness. 4. As sexual contacts proceeded, the means of self-esteem and self-assertiveness values decreased. In detail, the respondents having no or light sexual contacts (kiss, putting arms around each other's shoulder, holding a hand) had similar self-esteem values($p{\leq}0.05$). However, ones having relatively intensive sexual contacts (french kiss, touching breast) showed significantly lower self-esteem values($p{\leq}0.05$). Same trend has been obtained for self-assertiveness value. 5. The higher values of self-esteem and self-assertiveness values the respondents had, the later they started the moderate sexual contact (kiss, french kiss) during the dates. Interestingly, among the respondents having intensive sexual contacts (petting genitalia, sexual intercourse) during the dates, those who experienced the such contacts at the first date or later than 10th date have higher self-esteem and self-assertiveness values than one experienced the such contacts during the 2nd$\sim$9th dates, giving U-shape curve. 6. There was a significant relationship between self-esteem and self-assertiveness in girls who have or had boyfriends($P{\leq}.001$). In conclusion, the research shows that self-esteem and self-assertiveness values are significantly related with the sexual contacts of the teenage girls who have or had boyfriends. These results strongly suggest that proper sex education program for teenage girls should contain the program on improving the self-esteem and self-assertiveness. We believe that sex education program is the one of the best ways to prevent the unwanted sexual contacts and pregnancy of teenage girls.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.115-128
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate home economics teachers' perception of cultural diversity education, to provide an efficient educational material for the multicultural education in teacher education and teacher retraining. 160 Home economics teachers answered the survey questionnaires. To analyze the data, SPSS 19.0 for Windows was used to conduct frequency analysis, factorial analysis, credibility analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple comparison. The results of this study were as follows. Four dimensions of cultural diversity education were derived by factor analysis: cultural equality, diversity implementation, diversity value, comfort with diversity. As for their awareness about cultural diversity education, it was in the order of cultural equality, followed by diversity implementation, diversity value, and comfort with diversity. The groups were significantly different according to demographic variables. As for the whole awareness about cultural diversity education and the diversity implementation, group of age 40 teachers recognized more highly than other groups. Furthermore, teachers outside Jeonbuk area recognized more highly the cultural equality, diversity implementation, diversity value than those in Jeonbuk, which is the 3rd high area in the nation of multicultural family proportion. As for cultural equality and diversity implementation, teachers over 15 years of experience, recognized more highly than other groups. Those with the teacher certification in the college of education, recognized more highly the cultural equality, diversity value, comfort with diversity than teachers from the other colleges. Teachers who need multicultural education, recognized more highly cultural equality, diversity implementation, awareness of diversity than those who don't. These results imply that in home economics education, there must be more systematic studies on school field education and related educational programs in order to revitalize multicultural education. And for teachers with highly recognizing cultural diversity to conduct a systematic multicultural education more efficiently, there should be both systematic pre-service education programs at college level and in-service education programs for the teachers in terms of cultural diversity education.