• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2023

Purpose : Using a smartphone while walking districts attention and increases the risk of losing balance or falling. Ankle instability is caused by decreased muscle strength and decreased neuromuscular ability leading to postural control problems. Dual tasks increases the risk of falls by reducing postural control in adults with ankle instability. This study aimed to investigate the effect of performing a dual task on balance and muscle activity in adults with ankle instability using a smartphone. Methods : Forty-nine individuals with ankle instability participated in this study. A game of finding the wrong picture was performed using a smartphone in the dual task, and only looking at the blank screen of a smartphone was evaluated in the single task. The participants randomly performed single and dual task to evalutate balance and muscle atcitivy. Balance was evaluated using the Biodex balance system (BBS), and muscle activity was evaluated using surface EMG. Muscle activity of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior was measured at the same time as balance. Results : The results of this study showed that overall, anteior/posterior, and medial/lateral balance indices all showed significant differences when performing the dual task compared with those during the single task (p<.05). The muscle activity results showed a significant difference compared with that of the gastronemius muscle on the nondominant side during the dual task (p>.05). Conclusion : The results of this study showed that maintaining balance is more difficult when performing the dual task than during the single task, and only the muscle activity of the nondominant gastrocnemius muscle decreased. The dual task causes a decrease in concentration for postural control, which negatively affects postural stability. Individuals with ankle ankle instability should refrain from performing dual tasks, such as using smartphones, to prevent ankle damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.465-473
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• 2011

Purpose : This study was to evaluate gait velocity and muscle activity on 3 different gait conditions in elderly women. Methods : There were one group was 20's generation(n=12), and the other group was over 60's generation (n=12). The velocity of gait was analysed for using the Footscan system, EMG(MP150) for muscle activity. Subjects were measured 3 gait condition(normal, obstacle-10cm, dual obstacle-10cm. Measured values were used by the independent t-test for analysing between groups, and repeated measurement of ANOVA for analysing within group. Results : The results were as follow: velocity and acticities of lower 4 muscles were significantly differences in experimental group. In control group, there were not significantly differences. Contrast-groups were significantly differences of velocity(obstacle, dual obstacle), muscle activities(soleus-dual obstacle, hamstring-all). Conclusion : These results indicate that elderly people are reduced gait ability in dual task, and obstacle gait. So Elderly women need to training obstacle/dual gait for preventing falling.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.235-241
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• 2016

Dual arm manipulators have been developed for the entertainment purpose such as humanoid type or the industrial application such as automatic assembly. Nowadays, there are some issues for applying the dual arm robot system into the various fields. Especially, robots can substitute human and perform the dangerous activity such as search and rescue in the battle field or disaster. In the paper, the dual arm manipulator which can be adapted to the rescue robot with the mobile platform was developed. The kinematic design was proposed for the rescue activity and the required specification was determined through the kinematic analysis and the dynamic analysis in the various conditions. The proposed dual arm manipulator was manufactured based on the vibration analysis result and its performance was proved by the experiment.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 2010

In this paper, voice activity detection (VAD) for dual-channel noisy speech recognition is proposed in which spatial cues are employed. In the proposed method, a probability model for speech presence/absence is constructed using spatial cues obtained from dual-channel input signal, and a speech activity interval is detected through this probability model. In particular, spatial cues are composed of interaural time differences and interaural level differences of dual-channel speech signals, and the probability model for speech presence/absence is based on a Gaussian kernel density. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed VAD method, speech recognition is performed for speech segments that only include speech intervals detected by the proposed VAD method. The performance of the proposed method is compared with those of several methods such as an SNR-based method, a direction of arrival (DOA) based method, and a phase vector based method. It is shown from the speech recognition experiments that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods by providing relative word error rates reductions of 11.68%, 41.92%, and 10.15% compared with SNR-based, DOA-based, and phase vector based method, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 2007

The objectives of this study have been carried out to investigate the solubilization of municipal sewage sludge by single and dual frequency ultrasonic pretreatment, and the methane production characteristics of pretreated sewage sludge by specific methanogenic activity test for sewage sludge reduction. The waste activated sludge was collected from thickened tank of Suyoung sewage treatment plant in Busan city, and its concentration was adjusted to 1.0% total solids. Ultrasonic frequency was varied 15, 20, 15+20 kHz, and acoustic density was used a maximum 176W/L. The dual frequency ultrasonic pretreatment was found to be more effective than single frequency ultrasonic in the solubilization rate and methane production. The $SCOD_{Cr}/TCOD_{Cr}$, rate were 15.2%, 13.9%, 17.0% with single frequency of 15 kH2, 20 kHz, dual frequency of 15+20 kHz, respectively. The application of dual frequency ultrasound for sewage sludge pretreatment can be interest for sewage treatment plants having problems in sludge treatment and disposal.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2011

Dual-specificity protein phosphatases (DUSPs) constitute a family of protein phosphatase characterized by the ability to dephosphorylate phospho-tyrosyl and phospho-seryl/threonyl residues. Most DUSPs are involved in regulation of cell survival and differentiation. In this study, a human dual-specificity protein phosphatase, DUSP28, was isolated from a human kidney cDNA. The recombinant protein was successfully produed in E.coli and showed sufficient phosphatase activity toward DiFMUP (6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate). Various phosphatase inhibitors and divalent metals were tested for their effects on the DUSP28 phosphatase activity. As a result, $Zn^{2+}$ was found to strongly inhibit DUSP28 phosphatase activity, suggesting DUSP28 is involved in Zn-related signal transduction pathway. Furthermore, the DUSP28 protein preferred phospho-tyrosyl residues to phospho-threonyl residues, implying its physiological roles in the cellular process.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2013

This study grasps the living condition of Single-Parent-Family, and compares Single-Parent-Family with Dual-Parent-Family to analyze necessary factors to enjoy the happier life. The data from '2009 the Korean Time Use Survey' and '2010 the National Survey of Korean Families(NSKF)' are used for this study. ANOVA, Duncan test, Correlation Analysis(SPSS for windows, Ver. 18.0) are used for statistical method. Here are the results of this study. First, distribution of living-time-usage of the Single-Parent-Family is different from that of Dual-Parent-Family. Second, the difference in the amount of leisure time, time distribution, and the content of activity was observed based on the gender of Single-Parent-Family. Third, there is a difference in family leisure activity time among Dual-Parent-Family, Mother-Single-Parent-Family, and Father-Single-Parent-Family in holidays. Fourth, there is a clear difference between Dual-Parent-Family and Single-Parent-Family, after looking at life satisfaction degree in work-family-leisure life experience.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study aimed to provide basic clinical data by investigating the impact of Activities of daily living-related dual-task intervention on lung function, balance, and Activities of daily living of stroke patients. METHODS: After sampling 40 stroke patients who met the selection criteria, this study randomly assigned 20 patients who received dual-task exercise intervention to the experimental group and 20 patients who received single exercise intervention to the control group by drawing lots. Next, the study pre-tested their lung function, balance, and activity of daily living. All interventions were conducted for 30 minutes, 3 times a week for 4 weeks, and when all interventions were completed after 4 weeks, lung function, balance, and activity of daily living were re-measured in the same way as the pre-test. RESULTS: In comparing changes in lung function, balance, and activity of daily living within each of the experimental and control groups, statistically significant improvement were found in the experimental group only (p < .01). Statistically significant improvement were also found in lung function, balance, and activities of daily living between the groups (p < .05) (p < .01). CONCLUSION: A statistically significant improvements were found in lung function, balance, and activities of daily living only in the experimental group and statistically significant differences were found between groups. Because they take arm exercises by maintaining balance in a standing position on a labile surface and through dual-task exercise such as folding a towel, moving a cup, and throwing and catching a ball, muscles related to lung function were stimulated and lung function and balance were improved. This helped activities of daily living to be improved. Thus, it is considered that dual-task exercise should be utilized for stroke patients' smooth everyday life.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.49-53
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether dual-hemisphere transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could induce more cortical activity, compared to single-hemisphere, using functional MRI (fMRI). Methods: One right-handed healthy subject was recruited. Three phases of dual-hemisphere tDCS (i.e. anodal tDCS over the left-dominant primary sensoriomotor cortex (SM1) and cathodal tDCS over the right-non dominant SM(1) were consecutively delivered on to a subject, during fMRI scanning. The voxel count and the intensity index in the averaged cortical map were analyzed among the three tDCS phases. Results: Our result showed that cortical activation was observed on all the three phases of the dual-hemisphere tDCS. Voxel count and intensity index were as following; 912 and 4.07 in the first phase, 1102 and 3.90 in the second phase, 1031 and 3.80 in the third phase. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that application of the dual-hemisphere tDCS could induce cortical activity and maintain to recruit cortical neurons. Our findings suggested that application of dual-hemisphere tDCS could produce efficiency of the ongoing tDCS effect to facilitate cortical excitability.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.12C
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• pp.1660-1668
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• 2004

This paper proposes a Voice Activity Detection (VAD) algorithm based on Radial Basis Function (RBF) network using dual threshold. The k-means clustering and Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm are used to upade the RBF network to the underlying speech condition. The inputs for RBF are the three parameters in a Code Exited Linear Prediction (CELP) coder, which works stably under various background noise levels. Dual hangover threshold applies in BRF-VAD for reducing error, because threshold value has trade off effect in VAD decision. The experimental result show that the proposed VAD algorithm achieves better performance than G.729 Annex B at any noise level.