• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 1994

Let H be a separable, infinite dimensional, compled Hilbert space and let L(H) be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on H. A dual algebra is a subalgebra of L(H) that contains the identity operator $I_{H}$ and is closed in the ultraweak topology on L(H). Note that the ultraweak operator topology coincides with the wea $k^{*}$ topology on L(H)(see [3]). Bercovici-Foias-Pearcy [3] studied the problem of solving systems of simultaneous equations in the predual of a dual algebra. The theory of dual algebras has been applied to the topics of invariant subspaces, dilation theory and reflexibity (see [1],[2],[3],[5],[6]), and is deeply related with properties ( $A_{m,n}$). Jung-Lee-Lee [7] introduced n-separating sets for subalgebras and proved the relationship between n-separating sets and properties ( $A_{m,n}$). In this paper we will study the relationship between direct sum and properties ( $A_{m,n}$). In particular, using some results of [7] we obtain relationship between n-separating sets and direct sum of von Neumann algebras.ras.s.ras.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.149-173
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• 2016

This study vindicates similarities and differences of hybrid process of arbitration and mediation between China and Malaysia. Both countries develop hybrid processes combining arbitration with mediation in their own cultural soils. The Chinese dispute resolver plays the dual role of arbitrator and mediator during the proceedings of hybrid process of arbitration and mediation. On the other hand, a different arbitrator plays the role of mediator, if conciliation fails in Malaysia. On the other hand, judges are allowed to act as mediator during the proceeding in China and Malaysia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.169-173
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• 2004

Rotating Compensator Ellipsometry에 회전하는 시편 홀더를 갖추었을 때 uniaxial한 시편의 광축과 retardance를 측정하는 것이 매우 간단해진다. 이것은 Dual Rotating Compensator Transmission Ellipsometry의 self-calibration과정과 흡사하기 때문이다. 기존의 ellipsometry가 광학 부품들의 입사면에 대한 방위각을 찾는 복잡한 calibration과정과 비등방성 시편의 고속축의 방향을 찾아야 하는 수고를 필요로 하지만 rotating sample and compensator ellipsometry는 self-calibration과 자동으로 고속축의 방향을 찾기 때문에 매우 편리하다. 우리는 이 기술를 정렬된 액정display panel에 적용하여 ~$0.4^{\circ}$ 의 작은 retardance 간을 측정할 수 있었다.

• Atmosphere
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.173-188
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• 2014

The KMA has cooperated with the Oklahoma University in USA to develop a Polarimetric Radar Data (PRD) simulator to improve the microphysical processes in Korea Local Analysis and Prediction System (KLAPS), which is critical for the utilization of PRD into Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) field. The simulator is like a tool to convert NWP data into PRD, so it enables us to compare NWP data with PRD directly. The simulator can simulate polarimetric radar variables such as reflectivity (Z), differential reflectivity ($Z_{DR}$), specific differential phase ($K_{DP}$), and cross-correlation coefficient (${\rho}_{hv}$) with input of the Drop Size Distribution (DSD) and scattering calculation of the hydrometeors. However, the simulator is being developed based on the foreign observation data, therefore the PRD simulator development reflecting rainfall characteristics of Korea is needed. This study analyzed a potential application of the 2-Dimension Video Disdrometer (2DVD) data by calculating the raindrop axis ratio according to the rain-types to reflect Korea's rainfall characteristics into scattering module in the simulator. The 2DVD instrument measures the precipitation DSD including the fall velocity and the shape of individual raindrops. We calculated raindrop axis ratio for stratiform, convective and mixed rainfall cases after checking the accuracy of 2DVD data, which usually represent the scattering characteristics of precipitation. The raindrop axis ratio obtained from 2DVD data are compared with those from foreign database in the simulator. The calculated the dual-polarimetric radar variables from the simulator using the obtained raindrop axis ratio are also compared with in situ dual-polarimetric observation data at Bislsan (BSL). 2DVD observation data show high accuracies in the range of 0.7~4.8% compared with in situ rain gauge data which represents 2DVD data are sufficient for the use to simulator. There are small differences of axis ratio in the diameter below 1~2 mm and above 4~5 mm, which are more obvious for bigger raindrops especially for a strong convective rainfall case. These differences of raindrop axis ratio between domestic and foreign rainfall data base suggest that the potential use of disdrometer observation can develop of a PRD simulated suitable to the Korea precipitation system.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 2003

To determine levels of PCBs in food, beef, pork, chicken, egg, mackerel, yellow croaker, anchovy, common squid and little neck clam were chosen and collected at markets in Seoul, Busan and Kwangju. Among 209 PCB congeners, 7 congeners (#28, #52, #101, #118, #138, #153 and #180) were selected as target compounds that were known as indicator congeners. Samples were homogenized, treated in alkali solution for 1 hour, and extracted with organic solvents. After extraction, extracts were cleaned up by sulfuric acid, purified on silica gel column chromatography, analyzed by dual column-HRGC/ECD and then confirmed by HRGC/MSD. As results, PCBs were detected in fish samples ranged from 0.0002 to 0.001 mg/kg. Both PCB #101 and PCB #118 were the major contributors among 7 congeners.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.161-173
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• 2013

This paper is concerned with the space $\mathcal{K}_{w^*}(X^*,Y)$ of $weak^*$ to weak continuous compact operators from the dual space $X^*$ of a Banach space X to a Banach space Y. We show that if $X^*$ or $Y^*$ has the Radon-Nikod$\acute{y}$m property, $\mathcal{C}$ is a convex subset of $\mathcal{K}_{w^*}(X^*,Y)$ with $0{\in}\mathcal{C}$ and T is a bounded linear operator from $X^*$ into Y, then $T{\in}\bar{\mathcal{C}}^{{\tau}_{\mathcal{c}}}$ if and only if $T{\in}\bar{\{S{\in}\mathcal{C}:{\parallel}S{\parallel}{\leq}{\parallel}T{\parallel}\}}^{{\tau}_{\mathcal{c}}}$, where ${\tau}_{\mathcal{c}}$ is the topology of uniform convergence on each compact subset of X, moreover, if $T{\in}\mathcal{K}_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$, here $\mathcal{C}$ need not to contain 0, then $T{\in}\bar{\mathcal{C}}^{{\tau}_{\mathcal{c}}}$ if and only if $T{\in}\bar{\mathcal{C}}$ in the topology of the operator norm. Some properties of $\mathcal{K}_{w^*}(X^*,Y)$ are presented.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.173-185
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• 2016

As a dual-degree program/exchange student program becomes widespread, the faculty and students consisting of a course are being globalized. Recently, there has been an online or blended learning-based course, which is evolved from a conventional offline course. However, the course has no consideration of a dual-degree program or exchange student program because it is limited to a domestic university. To create and manage a global course, there have several of difficulties in the aspects of cost or effectiveness. As a solution to tackle them, it is necessary to do research on providing blended global courses with a fusion approach of online and offline. In this paper, we studied and presented a model of blended global courses. To create and maintain overseas scholar-oriented courses, we devised eight types of blended global courses depedning on their opening time and the cooperative relation between online and offline and made their comparative analysis. The blended global course proposed in this paper can be applied to cultivating global human resources in universities.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.173-178
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• 2003

An experimental study is conducted to investigate the effects of fuel temperature on the spray characteristics of a dual-orifice type swirl injector which is used in gas turbines. The major parameters affecting spray characteristics are fuel temperature and injection pressure entering into the injector. Fuel temperature is shown to have strong influence on the spray characteristics especially at a lower temperature. In this study, fuel temperature is varied from $30^{\circ}C$ to $120^{\circ}C$ and injection pressure is altered from 3 to $7 kg_{f}$ /$cm^{2}$. Two kinds of fuel, which have different surface tension and viscosity, are chosen as an atomizing fluid. As a result, injection instability occurs in the low temperature range due to icing phenomenon and the change of fuel properties. As the injection pressure increases, the kinematic viscosity range for stable atomization becomes wider. The factor controlling the SMD of spray is substantially different depending on the fuel temperature range.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.164-173
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• 2000

Fluoridation of drinking water to a level of about 0.8mg/l (below 1.5mg/l) for reducing the incidence of tooth decay is recommended. However, concerns about potential problems of unknown effects and overdosing hinders the fluoridation. This study describes the work performed to obtain information on the behavior of fluoride under various conditions in the process of water fluoridation. Effects of water treatment chemicals, water treatment unit, and water distribution on water fluoridation were investigated at both lab and an actual water treatment plant. Residual fluoride concentration was not affected by lime and chlorine dosage up to 20mg/l. Flocculation with PAC slightly decreased the residual fluoride concentration as PAC dosage increased. Average fluoride concentration of 0.87mg/l at an intake basin was decreased to 0.83mg/l by sedimentation, 0.81mg/l by dual media(sand+anthracite) filtration, and 0.79mg/l by granular activated carbon filtration in the water treatment plant.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.18
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• pp.173-180
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• 1998

A high speed and stable A/D conversion data process is required to weigh a mass on moving conveyer weighing platter. The paper presents a new method to obtain stable and fast automatic weighing A/D conversion data process. Dynamic weighting system which is constructed with dual load cell is realized by the stable A/D conversion data process algorithm using DSP. The proposed method is applied to the real design, and that experimental results showed good performances of the weighing stability.