• 월간한국양록
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• 10호
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• pp.26-35
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• 1990

Seaeonal Changes in chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD). dry matter(DM) yields and DM intake of browse(leaves of trees and shrubs) by four sika deer(Cervus nippon) bucks were studied from 1998 to 1989 under deforested slope moun

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-34
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• 2006

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cutting interval and cutting height on the yield and nutrient composition of hedge lucerne (Desmanthus virgatus) when grown on a sandy soil in the Northeast of Thailand. The cutting intervals compared were 30, 40 and 50 days between harvests and the cutting heights 30, 40 and 50 cm above ground level. The experiment was a $3{\times}3$ factorial layout in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications-giving a total of 36 plots each $3{\times}3m^2$. Harvested plant material was weighed, dried and the ground subsamples taken for analyses of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ash, ether extract (EE) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). At the last harvest the hedge lucerne samples were separated to determine leaf to stem ratios and then analyzed for nutrient composition in the leaf and stem. Results showed that increasing the cutting interval (i.e. advancing age of maturity) increased dry matter and nutrient yields significantly. In terms of nutrient content, it also increased the crude fiber, ash, ether extract and nitrogen free extract percent in the plant. However, crude protein percent was markedly decreased as the cutting interval increased. Increasing cutting height had no effect on dry matter yield and yields of nutrients, but in terms of nutrient content, it increased crude protein and ash content, but decreased crude fiber content. The percent EE and NFE in the plant was unaffected by cutting height. From the results presented it is clear that cutting a stand of hedge lucerne every 40 to 50 days will achieve greater dry matter and nutrient yields than cutting more frequently, at 30 days. The cutting height at harvest, whether 30, 40 or 50 cm above ground level had no effect on dry matter or nutrient yields of hedge Lucerne. Hedge lucerne therefore offers the Thai poultry farmer a useful alternative protein supplement for poultry diets rather than relying on the more expensive soybean meal. As it can be readily and successfully grown on a range of soil types and climates throughout Thailand, hedge lucerne also offers the Thai farmer a valuable additional source of income.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1996

예취빈도와 액상구비의 시용수준에 대한 Reed canarygrass의 반응을 조사하여, 잠재생산성의 증대를 위한 경제적이고 합리적인 적정 예취빈도와 액상구비의 시용수준을 추정하고자 하였다. 예취빈도별 연간 건물수량에 대한 예취번초의 상대수량은 3회 예취구에서 2번초, 4회 예취구에서 3번초 및 5회 예취구에서는 4번초에서 다른 예취번초에 비해 가장 높은 상대수량을 나타내었다. 무시용구의 연간 건물수량은 예취빈도에 따라 6.4~7.5 ton/ha의 범위를 나타내었으며, 3회 예취구에서 가장 많은 연간 건물수량을 나타내었다. 액상구비의 시용수준이 증가됨에 따라서 연간 건물수량은 증가되었다. 즉, 3회 예취구에서는 연간 180 kg, 4회 예취구에서는 연간 120 kg 및 5회 예취구에서는 연간 300 kg로 증시하였을 때, 무시용구에 비해 유의하게 높은 건물수량을 나타내었다. 액상구비의 건물생산효율 (kg DM/kg N)은 3회 예취구의 120 kg/ha/cut, 4회 예취구의 30 kg/ha/cut 및 5회 예취구의 90 kg/ha/cut에서 각각 16.8, 25.4 및 10.4 kg 의 가장 높은 건물을 생산하였고, 시용시기에 따른 건물생산효율은 3회 예취구에서 1번초, 4회와 5회 예취구에서는 2번초에서 가장 높았다. 경제적 액상구비의 질소시용수준은 3회 예취구에서 462.7~525.3 kg/ha, 4회 예취구에서 353.1~423.2 kg/ha 그리고 5회 예취구에서 380.1~424.4 kg/ha의 범위를 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.737-741
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• 1996

Dry matter yield of reed canarygrass was investigated in uncultivated rice paddy in Korea, and an attempt was made to estimate the most economic and efficient cutting frequency and rates of nitrogen (N) fertilization, for increased production of reed canarygrass. Total dry matter yields of reed canarygrass per year were 7.4-15.7, 8.5-16.1, and 7.5-13.4 tons/ha in 3, 4, and 5 cutting frequencies, respectively, and over the N treatments of 0-120 kg N/ha/cut. When cut 3 or 5 times annually, the 2nd cut produced the highest proportion of total yield at 38.4 and 33.0%, respectively, when cut 4 times the 3rd cut was highest (38.3%). The ranges of economic N level, limiting N level and efficiency of dry matter production were 243.3-293.0, 387.2, and 14.6 kg DM/kg N, respectively. These indicators were particularly low for the 5 cutting frequency possibly because of the unusually high temperature in the summer season. The best cutting frequency for the dry matter production of reed canarygrass in 1994 was 3 per year because of the higher efficiency of dry matter production.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.178-184
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• 1992

Five varieties of silage corn were cultivated to compare the growth characteristics and productivity. Corn varieties were Pioneer 3144(P 3144), 3160(P 3160), 3282(P 3282), 3352(P 3352) and Suweon 19 (S 19). The corns were seeded on May 2 and harvested on August 15, and measured the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, and yields of fresh and dry matter. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Plant height of P 3352 and P 3144 grown about 280cm throughout the experimental period was the tallest(P<.Ol), and those of P 3160, P 3282 and Suweon 19 ranged from 246.3 to 256.0 cm. 2. Leaf length is the longest in P 3352 and the shortest in P 3282(97.63cm vs 84.17cm), and there was significant(P<.Ol) difference between corn varieties. 3. Stem diameter was the longest in P 3144 and the shortest(P<.Ol) in P 3352(3.28cm vs 2.66cm). 4. P 3144, P 3282 and P 3352 had the greatest(P<.Ol) fresh matter yields per 10a in leaf, stem, and ear and whole plant, respectively. 5. Dry matter yield of P 3282 was the greatest(P<.Ol) in stem(1,080.6 kg/lOa) and leaf(304.5 kg/lOa), and that of P 3352 was the greatest in ear(864.1 kg/lOa) and whole plant yield(2,021 kg/lOa). 6. Ratios of respective part of corn to total dry matter were ranged from 12.7 to 17.8 76 for leaf, 44.5 to 66.9% for stem and husks, and 16.9 to 42.8 % for ear, and the highest in P 3160, P 3160 and P 3352, respectively. Consequently, P 3352, P 3144 and P 3282 shown high productivity in dry matter yield could be recommended as a reliable corn varieties for silage.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.54-58
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• 1998

Four introduced forage rape cultivars 'Akela', 'Ramon', 'Sparta', and 'Velox' and a leading rapeseed cultivar Hall-ayuchae were seeded on 1 October 1994 on 20-cm rows at seeding rates of 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, and IS kg/ha to select the best adapted forage rape cultivars and to determine the optimum seeding rate in the Cheju area. Days to flowering of each cultivar was not significantly affected by seeding rate. Average plant height increased from 151 to 164 cm as seeding rate increased from 3 to 10 kg/ha and then decreased to 156 cm at 15 kg/ha. Stem diameter linearly decreased with increasing seeding rate. The optimum seeding rate for the greatest dry matter and protein yields of five cultivars ranged from 10.7 to 11.8 and 10.8 to 14.4 kg/ha, respectively. Dry matter yields of five cultivars ranged from 7.72 and 22.01 Mg/ha. Sparta produced the greatest dry matter yield, followed by Akela, Ramon, Hallayuchae, and Velox. Crude protein yields of five cultivars ranged from 0.29 to 1.08 Mg/ha. Sparta produced the greatest crude protein yield, followed by Akela, Ramon, Velox, and Hallayuchae. As seeding rate increased, crude protein content linearly increased but crude fiber content linearly decreased. The forage cultivars had higher crude protein and lower crude fiber than the oilseed cultivar Hallayuchae. Our results demonstrate that Sparta was the best adapted cultivar to Cheju area and the optimum seeding rate for Sparta was about 10 kg/ha.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1997

Many farmers apply cattle slurry on grassland, often in excess of crop N requirements, resulting in groundwater contamination. Our research objective was the development of grassland management systems that reduce undesirable sideeffects on other compartment of the ecosystem. Field experiment was conducted during 1991~1993 on sandy loam soil at AllgZiu south western Germany. Different sets of conditions were tested such as : zero fertilization, reduced sluny application$(l20kg N ha^{-1}yr^{-1})$, intensive sluny application(conventional sluny application, $240kg N ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$). The plots of the reduced slurry application had no significant effect on dry matter yields, digestible dry matter and net energy of herbage. Dry matter yield of zero fertilization was significantly lower than that of usual slurry application, however the content of Ca and Mg in herbage tended to increase. We conclude that reduced sluny application can be applied on grassland without adverse effects on dry matter production and quality of herbage.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.246-252
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• 1992

In order to reduce the problems from overlapping between rye harvest and maize seeding dates, and also to improve the growth, productivity and nutritive value of rye (Secale cereale L.), an experiment was carried out to determine the variety effect of rye on the forage production system, and seeding date effect on the yield and quality of rye. The experiment was conducted in the forage testing field of S.N.U., Suweon, from September 1988 to May 1989. The dry matter and in vitro digestible dry matter yields of rye harvested 14 April were 5.2 t and 4.6 t/ha with an early maturing rye variety, Winter more, but 3.1 t and 2.8 t/ha were obtained with a late maturing rye variety, Kodiak. When seeding date was delayed, a significant decrease in dry matter yield was observed. ADF and NDF contents, and IVDMD of an early maturing rye, Winter more, harvested 14 April were 25.6, 44.8 and 81.9 %, but those of a late maturing rye, Kodiak, were 21.1, 39.5 and 88.9 %, respectively. ADF and NDF contents of rye were increased as the seeding date was delayed, but ail forage ryes from different seeding dates as well as varieties were recorded as the 1st grade proposed by market hay grades. The dry matter and in vitro digestible dry matter yields of rye harvested at 80 %heading stage were significantly decreased as delayed seeding date, but no significant differences were found between early and late maturing varieties. No differences in ADF and NDF contents, and IVDMD of the rye harvested at 80% heading stage were found among the treatments, but all forage ryes were evaluated as the 4 th grade proposed by market hay grades.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.122-126
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• 1983

本 硏究는 土壞含水量이 바른 2個의 억새草地를 對象으로 하여 억새가 生産한 物質을 어떻게 植物의 各 器管에 分配하는가를 硏究하였다. 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 土壤含水量이 22.54%인 억새 草地 A와 9.22%인 억새草地 B間에 現存量의 極大値는 各名 2,267. 12g/m$^{2}$와 943.44g/m$^{2}$로 大端히 有意한 差가 있었으며 物質生産力의 peak는 9月로 鍾型曲線을 나타내었다. 2 억새가 合成한 養分은 地下莖에 저장하여 次年度의 生長을 준비하며 地上部에서는 열매를 맺어 種子를 生産하였다. 3 物質生産構造를 比較한 결과 全體的인 型에 있어서는 禾木科植物의 特徵을 나타내나 土壤含水量이 적은 억새草地B에서 이삭의 乾物生産量이 他器管의 것에 比하여 많았다. 4. 地上部의 生殖器管에 生産物質을 分配하는 比率은 억새草地A에서 0.6%, 억새草地B에서 1.4%였다. 5. 地下莖의 生産物質의 分配率은 억새草地A에서 35.4%, 억새草地B에서 46.6%였다. 6 地上部와 地下部의 生殖器管의 生産物質 分配準은 억새초지A에서 36.0%, 억새초지B에서 48.0%였다. 이 結果로 억새는 乾燥하면 生産物質을 生殖器管에 보다 많은 量을 分配한다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.175-181
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• 1991

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of shade and levels of N fertilization on the dry matter yield and chemical compositions of orchardgrass grown under floor of chestnut tree. Shading conditions consist of $S_0$, (full light), $S_1$, (about 6OC4 shade) and $S_2$, (about 70% shade). And, nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 3 levels, O($N_0$), 12($N_1$), and 30($N_2$) kg per 10a, respectively. The results are may be summarized as follows: 1. Maximum total dry matter yield of $S_0$, was obtained about 1.28 ton/lOa at $N_2$, level. But, total dry matter yields of N levels in $S_1$, and $S_2$, were decreased about 42-45% compared with $S_0$. 2. The response of the dry matter yield to N fertilization were differences between shading and levels of N. Thus, the dry matter yield of $S_1$, increased almost linear up to about 30 kg/l0a level, while the dry matter yield of S, was increased slightly up to 30 kgIl0a. But. $S_2$, was increased up to 12 kg/lOa and then decreased slightly with N fertilization over the 12 kg/l0a. 3. Average increase in total dry matter yield to N fertilization were 23.85 kg, 7.97 kg and 5.08 kg DM for $S_0$, $S_1$, and $S_2$, respectively. 4. The level of 12 kg N/lOa is the limiting N level to obtain dry matter production under 60-709 shading conditions. 5. The contents of crude protein arid nitrate nitrogen were increased with shading and incremental N fertilization up to 30 kg/l0a. But, water soluble carbohydrate content was decreased greatly with high shading and high levels of N. 6. Nitrate nitrogen content indicated highly significant positive correlation with crude protein, but significant negative correlation with water soluble carbohydrate content. 7. At 30 kg N level with $S_1$, was necessary to exceed the potentially toxic nitrate nitrogen level of 0.20%.