• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2018

$Sj{\ddot{o}}gren^{\prime}s$ syndrome (SjS) is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration in the salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in severe dry mouth or eyes. As a result, most of SjS patients suffer from oral dryness and can visit the department of oral medicine with or without diagnosis of SjS. Therefore, oral medicine specialists should know clues, which may indicate the diagnosis of SjS from the clinical and laboratory investigations. By the recent SjS criteria, SjS can be diagnosed by focus score, ocular staining, Schirmer's test, unstimulated whole saliva flow rate, and anti-SSA/Ro antibodies. The aim of this article is to review the diagnostic criteria, clinical investigation, and basic aspect related to SjS and to make oral medicine specialists play an important role in the detection of emerging SjS.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2021

Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration in the salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in severe dry mouth or eyes. The symptoms are complex and heterogeneous. Several diagnostic criteria have been proposed for SjS and its subsets over the years. However, on the other hands, great efforts have been made searching for reliable biomarkers able to ameliorate the diagnostic algorithm and the prognostic stratification of SjS patients. The aim of this article is to review biomarkers and treatments related to SjS for oral medicine specialists.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.499-504
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• 2014

목적: 안구건조증 평가를 위한 세 종류의 설문지와 타각적 검사의 일치도를 비교하였다. 방법: 성인 90명을 대상으로 세 종류의 설문지(SPEED, OSDI, TERTC-DEQ)와 타각적 검사(NIBUT, Schirmer test)를 시행하여 건성안과 정상안을 구분하고 세 설문지와 타각적 검사의 일치도를 비교, 분석하였다. 결과: NIBUT 검사와 각 설문지 간의 일치도는 SPEED의 경우 83.3%, OSDI의 경우 77.8%, TERTC의 경우 72.3%로, SPEED가 가장 높은 일치도를 보였다. Schirmer test와 각 설문지 간의 일치도는 SPEED의 경우 57.8%, OSDI의 경우 58.9%, TERTC의 경우 73.3%로, TERTC가 일치도는 높았지만 전반적으로 Schirmer test에서는 NIBUT 검사보다 낮은 일치도를 나타냈다. 결론: 안구건조증은 SPEED의 설문지가 타각적 검사와 가장 높은 일치도를 보였으며, SPEED가 안구건조증 평가에 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.519-526
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• 2015

목적: 객관적 검안기기인 OQAS (Optical Quality Analysis System)를 이용하여 눈물막의 불안정성에 따른 객관적 산란지수의 변화를 연속적으로 관찰하고, 이 측정값과 눈물막파괴시간, 쉬르머테스트 및 맥모니테스트와의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 대학생 82명($21.51{\pm}3.97$세, 남45명, 여37명), 147안을 대상으로 눈물막파괴시간, 쉬르머테스트, 맥모니테스트를 실시하였고, OQAS의 연속 측정방법을 이용하여 순목 직후 15초 동안 매초간의 객관적 산란지수를 측정하였다. 결과: 정상안과 건성안 군의 객관적 산란지수(OSI value)는 각각 $2.13{\pm}1.16$와 $3.76{\pm}1.42$로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 모든 대상자는 측정 시간이 경과할수록 객관적 산란지수가 증가하였고, 순목 직후 매초 측정된 객관적 산란지수는 6초와 7초 사이에 변화량이 가장 크게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 객관적 산란지수 cut off 30%(sec.) 결과는 눈물막파괴시간(r = 0.855, p = 0.000), 맥모니테스트(r = -0.351, p = 0.003), 쉬르머테스트(r = 0.316, p = 0.012) 순으로 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: OQAS의 연속측정 방법은 기존의 건성안 검사법과 상관성이 높았다. 객관적 산란지수를 이용한 OQAS 검사방법은 환자의 눈물막 상태를 객관적으로 평가하는데 유용하게 사용될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2012

Objective : The endpoint of this trial is to verify therapeutical availability of conventional western eyedrops combined with acupuncture treatment by means of BUT(tear film break-up time), Schirmer's test, which have been considered to be typical methods for diagnosing dry eye syndrome. Methods : The subjects of this trial included the outpatients who had been diagnosed with dry eye syndrome in Pusan national university hospital and underwent acupuncture treatment from March 2011 to April 2011. They received acupuncture treatment once a week, three times while constantly using Restasis or artificial tears. We collated and analyzed the outcome data of Schirmer's test and BUT conducted at the beginning of this trial and three times more after each acupuncture treatments. Acupoints, such as, Chanjuk(BL2), Eoryo, Sajukgong(TE23), Taeyang, Sabaek(ST2), limited around both eyes were selected based on their clinical effects referring to medical books. Results : 1. From BUT test results, Restasis and acupuncture combined group showed statistically significant difference, however, artificial tears and acupuncture combined group showed difference only between before and after the treatment, which is not statistically significant. 2. From Schirmer's test results, Restasis and acupuncture combined group showed statistically significant difference, however, artificial tears and acupuncture combined group showed difference only between before and after the treatment, which is not statistically significant. 3. The average duration of treatment was statistically 16.3 days for Restasis and acupuncture combined group. Conclusions : Combination of acupuncture and Restasis for dry eye syndrome can shorten the duration of treatment. Therefore, clinical benefit is expected to be worth.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.112-115
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• 2016

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a rare benign lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by diffuse infiltration of the pulmonary parenchymal interstitium by polyclonal lymphocytes and plasma cells. LIP has been associated with a variety of clinical conditions; such as connective tissue disorders and other immune system abnormalities. Treatment usually involves administration of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants. We report on a 38-year-old female patient who complained of shortness of breath, dry mouth, and dry eyes for more than 1 month, and was positive for Raynaud's phenomenon. Based on surgical biopsy, she was diagnosed as having LIP accompanied by $Sj{\ddot{o}}gren^{\prime}s$ syndrome. The patient was treated with high-dose steroids followed by maintenance therapy for approximately 2 years, and her condition improved.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2008

This study focuses on 130 estheticians currently working in and around Daegu and Gyeongbuk region, in order to find out the current state of affairs and side effects related to aromatherapy. This paper is based on a survey. SPSS win 11.0 program was used for the analysis of descriptive statistics and independent t-test. According to the result of analysis, about 33% of the estheticians have had allergy experience. And in terms of installation of an air ventilation fan, which is the most important facility in an treatment room, more than half (50.8%) replied they did not have one. There was a statistically significant difference between those estheticians suffering from allergy and those who did not, in symptoms of stuffy nose/rhinitis (P<0.01) and dry skin/itchiness (P<0.5). (Allergy symptoms from the 33% of estheticians were limited to those which occurred after he or she began career) On work related symptoms, those who had work history at hospitals/clinics or apothecaries were compared. A statistically relevant difference was confirmed between those estheticians with therapy experience and those who had none, in all symptoms except headaches and drowsiness/weariness. In other words, there was difference in symptoms such as dryness of skin/itchiness (P<0.01), stuffy nose/rhinitis, dry throat, tension/nervousness, dizziness, tired eyes(P<0.5), nausea, having trouble with focusing, and fatigue(P<0.1). Those estheticians who had a history of treatment especially suffered most from dryness of skin and itchiness. The rate of regular check-ups and the use of masks, employed for self protection, was lower than average (amounting to 5 points), with the use of masks especially having the lowest average (1.7) points.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.179-182
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• 2019

Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by dryness of the mouth and eyes due to lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands. In American European Consensus Group (AECG) criteria, abnormal salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) result is one of the objective signs of SS and it has been proposed as a valid and non-invasive alternative approach to functional evaluation of salivary gland, especially in the case when unstimulated whole salivary flow is more than 1.5 mL in 15 minutes or other AECG criteria is unmet. Patients with SS are more likely to have the thyroid disease (TD), but this association remains controversial. We present a case of the use of SGS for diagnosis of primary SS and TD in patients with dry mouth and burning sensation of tongue. Through this case, we suggest the usefulness of salivary scintigraphy for screening TD in addition to diagnosis of SS.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2006

To evaluate the effect of punctal occlusion on tear preservation after third eyelid resection, 10 eyes were operated in dogs and observed changes in tear preservation using Schirmer tear test (STT). Punctal occlusion was performed on five healthy dogs with no clinical sings of ocular irritation and no history of dry eye syndrome. The STT was performed for 10 days before surgery, and on the day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 21, 25, and 30 after third eyelid resection. The mean STT was $17.4{\pm}0.15$ mm/min($mean{\pm}SEM$) for 10 days before surgery. And, it was $11.5{\pm}0.55$mm/min for 30 days after surgery in puntal occlusion(PO) group. The mean STT was $17.3{\pm}0.32$ mm/min for 10 days before surgery. And, it was more decreased to $6.5{\pm}0.60$ mm/min for 30 days after surgery in control group. The paired t-test was performed. Mean STT after the third eyelid resection was higher in PO group than that of control throughout experimental period (p<0.05). In summary, the effect of thermal punctal occlusion significantly increased on the tear preservation by $28.86{\pm}7.96%$. These results suggest that application of thermal punctal occulsion in dry eye syndrome will promote tear preservation.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2020

Products for heating indoors in low temperature and dry winter are largely divided into products using fossil fuels and products using electricity. The fossil fuels can warm the entire space by convection, but there is a high risk of fire and the frequent ventilation due to the increase in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Heaters using electricity are mainly used because they are convenient to use and are cheap. However, these products can not efficiently warm the air because they use radiation energy. In other words, only the front part exposed to the heater is warm, and the rear part has no heating effect at all. Also, because it emits a large amount of light, fatigue of the eyes is very high. Another problem is that when using electric heaters, the room tends to be dry by high heat. Indoor humidity maintenance is a very important factor in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases. Especially, it is essential for health care for infants, bronchial organs and people with weak respiratory because humidity is low in winter. In this study, we conducted a study to develop a product that can improve heating efficiency while maintaining proper indoor humidity by combining heat energy and moisture particles. The concept of humidification and heating at the same time, moisture particles generated in the humidifier pass through the heater, include thermal energy, and the moisture particles with thermal energy are diffused into the space by forced convection, thereby warming the entire space. In addition, the heating time is shortened as the feeling temperature is increased with the high relative humidity, and this has the effect that the heating cost in winter is reduced.