• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.999-1022
• /
• 2016

The use of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) to strengthen steel structures has attracted the attention of researchers greatly. Previous studies demonstrated bonding of CFRP plates to the steel sections has been a successful method to increase the mechanical properties. However, the main limitation to popular use of steel/CFRP strengthening system is the concern on durability of bonding between steel and CFRP in various environmental conditions. The paper evaluates the performance of I-section steel beams strengthened with pultruded CFRP plate on the bottom flange after exposure to diverse conditions including natural tropical climate, wet/dry cycles, plain water, salt water and acidic solution. Four-point bending tests were performed at specific intervals and the mechanical properties were compared to the control beam. Besides, the ductility of the strengthened beams and distribution of shear stress in adhesive layer were investigated thoroughly. The study found the adhesive layer was the critical part and the performance of the system related directly to its behavior. The highest strength degradation was observed for the beams immersed in salt water around 18% after 8 months exposure. Besides, the ductility of all strengthened beams increased after exposure. A theoretical procedure was employed to model the degradation of epoxy adhesive.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.48-52
• /
• 1998

Residues such as walnut, pinenut and peanut shells were used as a filler in adhesive for bonding radiata pine plywood. The nutshell residues were prepared by simply drying to 8% moisture content and grinding the dry material using a laboratory Wiley mill with a $75{\mu}m$ (200 mesh) screen. The nutshells residues were compared to a commercial filler commonly used in adhesives by the structural plywood and laminated veneer lumber industry in the United States. The adhesive mixes were made by following the recommended procedure of Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc., using phenol-formaldehyde resin. For each filler type, three-ply plywoods, 6 mm nominal thickness and 30 by 30 cm in size, were fabricated at two press times (4 and 5 min) and around 30 minute assembly time. Evaluations of the nutshell residues were carried out by tension shear tests after cyclic boil tests on plywood. The results of the performance test included tension shear strength and wood failure. All plywoods made with the nutshell fillers were comparable to those made with the control filler. These results indicate that nutshell residues would be suitable as filler for plywood adhesives.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.451-458
• /
• 2019

Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) is a fast-growing species that exhibits a lower natural resistance than that exhibited by the timber sourced from natural forests. Jabon's resistance to termite attack can be improved by impregnating its wood structure with poisonous organic materials. This study examined jabon's resistance to termite attack when impregnated with wood vinegar and an animal adhesive. The wood specimens were impregnated using sengon wood vinegar and an animal adhesive (8% and 10%, respectively) using a vacuum pressure machine. The specimens were tested for their resistance to subterranean and dry-wood termites according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7207-2014). The results denoted that jabon impregnated with wood vinegar and an animal adhesive concentration of at least 8% with the addition of 4% borate was effective to resist termite attacks. The impregnated jabon exhibited a lower weight loss and higher termite mortality when compared with those exhibited by the control specimens. Thus, the resistance class improved from class IV to class I.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
• /
• pp.300-303
• /
• 2004

In this study, the mixing contents of ceramic powder and of shrinkage-reducing agent (SRA) influencing on the strength properties of MMA-modified polymer paste were examined. Regardless of SRA content, the flexural. the compressive and the adhesive strengths of the MMA-modified polymer paste tended to increase as the mixing content of ceramic powder increased. On the other hand, those strengths of the polymer paste tended to decrease as the mixing content of SRA increased without regard to the paste content. Furthermore. the adhesive strength of MMA-modified polymer paste in a wet condition decreased about $30-40\%$ of that in an air-dry condition without regard to the mixing content of ceramic powder and SRA.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.1497_1498
• /
• 2009

This paper presents the simulation of micro-lens arrays based on dry and wet etching technique. Code V (Optical Research Associates Ltd) simulation was performed to extract optimal design parameters of a Micro-Lens Array(MLA). Thickness of UV adhesive, wavelength of laser source, curvature, and shape of lens surface were chosen for the design parameters. The simulation results showed that focal length of a MLA decreased with the increase of UV adhesive thickness. And the focal length depended on shape of lens surface and length of laser source.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
• /
• pp.273-276
• /
• 2005

Polymer-modified mortar was developed for improving the performance of modified mortar which is mixed with polymer, and it is used for protecting and repairing materials of building because of their excellent performance to improve characteristics which are compressive strength, flexural strength, and adhesive strength. However, the performances of the polymer-modified mortars are highly affected by materials, which are polymer, mortar, and aggregates, and conditions which are curing environment and testing method. Furthermore, dry curing method after hydrated curing has been recommended to make strong polymer film for the best curing method to make excellent characteristics. In this report, We investigated the co-relation between curing methods and the characteristics, which are compressive strength, flexural strength, and adhesive strength for the polymer-modified mortars that are used in the domestic area.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.97-112
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of wetting condition made by drying time on bonding of resin cement to dentin. Freshly extracted bovine teeth were grinded to expose flat dentin surfaces. After the exposed dentin surfaces were treated with pretreatment agents and water rinse, each wetting condition of dentin surfaces was made according to drying times and methods including slight blow bry for I-second by air syringe, blow dry for 20-second by air syringe, and 12-hour dry in desiccator respectively. and then, previously made composite resin specimens were bonded onto each conditioned dentin surface of the specimen using Panavia-21(Kuraray Co.), Bistite(Tokuso Co.), and Choice(use with All bond-2, Bisco Inc.) resin cement according as manufacturer's instruction. Bonded specimens were stored in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water for 24 hours, then the tensile bond strength was measured, cohesive failure rate was calculated, and fractured dentin surfaces and acrylic rod sides were examined under scanning electron microscope. The result were as follows ; In the group of bonding with Panavia-21 resin cement, higher tensile bond strength was seen in 12-hour dry group than in I-second and 20-second dry group(p<0.01). In the group of bonding with Bistite resin cement, higher tensile bond strength was seen in 1-second dry group than in 20-second and 12-hour dry group(p<0.01). In the group of bonding with Choice resin cement, no significant differences of bond strength under given drying time were seen. Cohesive failure rates derived from the groups of bonding with Panavia-21 and Choice resin cement were increased with the increase of tensile bond strength in each drying time. On SEM examination of fractured surface, adhesive failure mode with fractured resin tags was mostly seen in wet condition with I-second drying time in the group of bonding with Panavia-21 resin cement, mixed failure mode with shortened and fractured resin tag was seen in the group of bonding with Bistite resin cement, and regardless of drying time, and cohesive-adhesive mixed failure mode with fracture of 'Hollow' typed resin tags was mainly seen in the group of bonding with Choice resin cement.

• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.78-83
• /
• 2010

포장궤도에서는 프리팩 콘크리트방식으로 도싱자갈을 충전층의 골재로 활용한다. 골재의 가장 중요한 조건은 모르터와의 부착력이며 이를 위하여 표면의 불순물을 최대한 제거하여야 한다. 국내에서 개발한 포장궤도 공법에서는 기존의 수세척방식을 대체하는 친환경 건식세척기술을 개발하였다. 건식세척은 직경 0.3~0.5mm 내외로 파쇄한 경질 재료를 고압으로 분사시켜 골재 표면을 박피시키는 방식이다. 본 논문에서는 블라스팅기술의 세척 효율을 향상시키기 위한 방안으로 현재 운용중인 장비조건하에서 분사 재료 및 시간 별 골재 잔입자 함량, 염화물 함유량, LA마모율, 압축강도시험 등을 실시하여 가장 효율적인 세척 재료 및 공정을 제시하고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.541-546
• /
• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 3시간 오존산화 처리식용유와 pMDI를 혼합하여 고온과 중온에서의 접착제를 제조하였고, 이를 상태 인장전단 접착강도 시험을 통하여 식용유의 목재 접착제 응용 가능성을 확인하였다. 고온조건에서 3시간 오존산화 식용유의 상태 접착강도 시험 결과, 오존산화 식용유 : pMDI 비율이 1 : 0.5일 때 4.74 kgf/$cm^2$, 1 : 0.75일 때 7.14 kgf/$cm^2$, 1 : 1일 때 9.29 kgf/$cm^2$, 1 : 2일 때 16.53 kgf/$cm^2$, 1 : 3일 때 17.42 kgf/$cm^2$, 1 : 4일 때 16.75 kgf/$cm^2$를 나타냈다. 따라서 3시간 오존산화 식용유 : pMDI 비율이 1 : 2∼1 : 3일 때 가장 높은 접착력을 보임을 알 수 있어, 두 물질의 적정 당량비가 이 비율에서 형성됨을 알 수 있었다. 중온조건에서 3시간 처리한 식용유의 상태 접착강도 시험 결과, 식용유 : pMDI 비율이 1 : 0.5일 때 3.16 kgf/$cm^2$, 1 : 0.75일 때 6.13 kgf/$cm^2$, 1 : 1일 때 8.18 kgf/$cm^2$ 1 : 2일 때 11.82 kgf/$cm^2$이 나타났다. 즉, 고온, 중온에서의 오존산화 처리한 식용유:pMDI 혼합비율이 1 : 2~1 : 3 부근에서 높은 접착력을 보였고, 목재접착제로서 고온에서 접착 할 경우 합판에서의 이용 가능성이 높을 것으로 판단된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.363-369
• /
• 2002

최근에 많이 사용되어지고 있는 치과용 접착제는 산 부식 후 수분이 있는 상태에서 적용하는 wet-bonding 술식을 많이 추천하고 있다. 하지만 self-etching primer의 경우 산부식과 priming 과정이 동시에 시행되고, 제조자들은 건조된 치아표면에 적용할 것을 추천하고 있다. 그러나 건조된 정도에 대하여서는 별다른 추천사항이 없으며. 수분이 self-etching primer에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대하여서는 별다른 연구가 이루어져 있지 않은 상태이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 치질 삭제 후 남아있는 수분이 self-etching primer의 레진 접착 강도에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 알아보고자 하였다. 발거한 대구치 96개를 이용하여 물기가 있는 상태에서 #600 사포로 표면을 연마하고, 법랑질 면을 노출시킨 군과 상아질을 노출시킨 군으로 분류 후, 30분 공기 중 방치 군 (1군), 5초 공기 건조 군 (2군), 1초 공기 건조 군 (3군), 솜으로 약간의 물기를 제거한 군(blot dry) (4군) 등 총 8개의 군으로 나누었다. Self-etching adhesive system인 Clearfil SE Bond primer를 20초간 적용하고, bonding제 도포 후 10초간 광중합 시행하였다. 접착제 처리한 치아면에 몰드를 고정한 후 Clearfil AP-X 복합레진을 2mm 충전하고, 40초간 광중합을 시행하였다. 24시간 후 전단 응력 결합강도를 측정하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 법랑질과 상아질 모두에서, 30분 건조군과 5초 공기건조군이 1초와 blot drying 군보다 높은 결합강도를 보였으며 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p＜0.05). 본 실험 결과에 의하면 self-etching adhesive system을 사용함에 있어서 법랑질과 상아질군 공히 건조된 상태에서 사용하여야 하며 수분의 존재시 치아와의 결합력이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 임상에서 접착제의 적용시 수분의 조절에 주의하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.