• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 1984

Microcapsules of indomethacin were prepared by the complex coacervation technique using gelatin-gum arabic as the wall-forming material. The effects of varying drug-to-matrix ratios and formalization time, and hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC) added on the release of drug from microcapsules were studied. As the amount of wall-forming material increased, the drug content in the microcapsules decreased and the release of drug from microcapsules was retarded. The drug content was lower in the HPC added microcapsules than that in the microcapsules was retarded. The drug content was lower in the HPC added microcapsules than that in the microcapsules without HPC and the microcapsules with 1:4 drug-to-matrix ratio showed the slowest release. The release rate of the drug from microcapsules with 1:2 drug-to-matrix was delayed according to the increase of formalization time and the microcapsules formalized for 24hr showed ratio the most retardation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2000

Drug delivery system(DDS) applied to various fields, such as medicine, cosmetics, agriculture and necessities of life. Among these application fields, DDS is often used as the method of drug dosage into the epidermic skin. We investigated characters of transdermal therapeutic system(TTS) and the skin permeability of that with applying DDS. Chitosan was selected as material of TTS. We investigated the permeation of chitosan ointment containing drug in rat skin using horizontal membrane cell model. Permeation properties of materials were investigated for water-soluble drug such as riboflavin in vitro. We used glycerin, PEG 600 and oleic acid as enhancers. Since dermis has more content water(hydration) than the stratum corneum, skin permeation rate at steady state was highly influenced when glycerin was used in water-soluble drug. The permeation rate of content enhancer and drug was found to be faster than that of content water-soluble drug only. These results showed that skin permeation rate of drug across the composite was manly dependent on the property of ointment base and drug. Proper selection of the polymeric materials which resemble and enhance properties of the delivering drug was found to be important in controlling the skin permeation rate.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2009

Licorice(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) is recorded as the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer or Glycyrrhiza glabra Linne or Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.(Leguminosae) in Korean Pharmacopoeia $9^{th}$ edition (KP9) and Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005(CP2005), Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer or Glycyrrhiza glabra Linne in Japanese Pharmacopoeia 2005(JP2005). It is established the content standard of Glycyrrhizin 2.5 % and liquiritin 1% in KP9 and CP2005. But, according to the reports, all Licorice species were not sufficient for content standard of liquiritin 1.0% for licorice in KP9 and CP2005. It shows different content of liquiritin among G. uralensis, G. glabra and G. inflata. Also, it was reported liquiritin, liquiritin apioside are transformed into liquiritigenin by human internal flora. Therefore, we have studied for the pre-treatment condition and analytical method of liquiritigenin; It was good efficinet in 2M HCl reflux(1 hr) for hydrolysis and in methylene chloride for solvent fractionation. And 1% acetic acid in DW(A) and acetonitrile(B) with gradient condition as a mobile phase was most effective in HPLC analytical condition. According to these experimental methods, we have anlayzed content of liquiritigenin about 77 Licorice sample. In this research, it was also examined the content of liquiritin and liquiritigenin for Glycyrrhizae Radix related growing area. According to the results, we suggested the content standard of glycyrrhizin more than 2.5%, liquiritigenin more than 0.7%(after hydrolysis) of licorice.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.544-544
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• 2003

We investigated the inhibitory effect of whitening materials with growth factor or alone on melanomas derived from Human (B-16) and mouse (SK-MEL-31) using melanin content. Melanin content was determined by the absorbance value at 470nm per cells. we used the growth factors known as activators of Adenylate cyclase, Protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase pathway separately. In addition, we compared the action of UV-induced with non-biological growth factor with whitening materials in melanomas derived from Human and mouse. The results showed that the aspect of inhibitory effect of whitening materials on B16 and SK-MEL-31 was not different. And, the action of each growth factor involved in the differentiation and proliferation of melanoma on the inhibition of melanogenesis in B-16 and SK-MEL-31 using whitening agents showed no difference. Also, The action of UV -induced and non-biological growth factors didn't exhibit different pattern on the effect of whitening agent in B-16 and SK-MEL-31.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.244-257
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• 2017

Nutrition labeling can provide information in order for people to select products suitable for their own health, and sodium content labeling for processed foods is important since sodium is one of the main causes of cardiac diseases. This study had carried out to propose the desirable sodium content labeling by conducting surveys on the awareness of sodium content in processed foods, understanding of sodium content labeling, and requirements for new sodium comparative claims. The survey period was from 12th of September, 2016 through the 24th, during which a self-administered questionnaire survey was given to 1,003 persons through demographic quota sampling by age and region. As a result of the survey, 66.0% of respondents assuring nutrition labeling answered they check sodium content labeling, whereas 83.2% were aware of excessive intake of sodium having a negative effect on health. Exactly 49.9% of respondents answered that the current system for nutrition labeling on processed foods does not help one to understand the content of sodium, whereas 72.9% answered they wanted to compare sodium contents with those of other products when buying or taking processed foods. As 92.5% cited the importance of sodium comparative claims made by processed foods, preparation of a new system for food labeling should be considered by which consumers can easily compare sodium contents with those of other similar products.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.550-553
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• 2000

The polymeric matrices made with poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) were prepared using copolymer of poly(D,L-lactide) and poly(ethylene glycol) for application of drug delivery systems. Catalyst made use of stannous actoate. Particle size were differ greatly$(435.3{\pm}11.2{\sim}2284.1{\pm}188.5)$ that nanoparticle made use of according to solvent of various kinds. Polymer could a sharp distinction with copolymerized among LE-1, LE-2 and LE-3 of PLA and PEG of content that to examine $^1H-NMR$ of copolymer make refine and reprecipitation. Drug delivery effect at PLGA nanoparticle : PLA amount more then proved highly drug delivery amount that each LE-1, LE-2, LE-3, drug and solvent was 40mg, 20mg and 10mg. Drug delivery effect proved higher 20mg that change(10mg, 20mg, 40mg) at drug feeding amount with LE-2. The first a lot of drug proved delivery. LE-3 most lactide content proved much delivery since biodegradable on PLGA copolymer result from lactide. Also biodegradable rate was highest at LE-3 much of lactide content, because influence at biodegradable effect of lactide by inclusive of soft PEG.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2000

We investigated characters of transdermal therapeutic system(TTS) and the skin permeability of that with applying drug delivery system(DDS). Natural gums were selected as material of TTS. The permeation of natural gums ointment containing drug in rat skin using diffusion cell model. Permeation properties of materials were investigated for water soluble drug such as riboflavin in vitro. We used glycerin, PEG 600 and oleic acid as enhancers. Since dermis has more hydration than the stratum corneum, skin permeation rate at steady state was highly influenced when glycerin was used in riboflavin. The permeation rate of content enhancer and drug was found to be faster than that of content riboflavin only. These results showed that skin permeation rate of drug across the composite was mainly dependent on the property of ointment base and drug. All the gum ointment tested showed good safety. Proper selection of the materials which resemble and enhance properties of the delivering drug was found to be important in controlling the skin permeation rate.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.2 s.149
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• pp.113-116
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• 2007

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information that can be used to index arrowroots (Pueraria species) in fourteen regions of China and Korea. The puerarin content in various arrowroots produced in the different areas were quantitatively analysed by HPLC. The average of puerarin content of the 'Galgeun' (Pueraria lobata) was higher than that of the 'Bungalgeun'(Pueraria thomsonii) produced in China and Korea. As a result, the order of the puerarin content was 1) Korean puerariae radix (P. lobata, 0.609%), 2) Chinese puerariae radix (P. lobata, 0.546%), 3) Chinese puerariae radix (P. thomsonii, 0.066%). This result showed that the content of puerarin in the 'Galgeun'(P. lobata) are about 10 times higher than those of the 'Bungalgeun'(P. thomsonii).

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 1989

Methyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate copolymer (MMBM)-povidone (PVP) films were investigated as a potential topical drug delivery system for the controlled release of econazole nitrate as a model drug. The effect of changes in film composition, drug concentration, film thickness, pH and temperature of release medium on the in vitro release of econazole nitrate were studied. The release rate constant was found to be increased with increasing povidone content in dry films. Drug release followed zero-order kinetics in the initial stage and then release rate increased gradually with time, espicially in the films having larger proportions of PVP. The release rate was found to be dependent on drug content, film thickness, the pH and temperature of release medium. Antimicrobial test showed that microbial growth was inhibited markedly with increasing proportions of PVP in films. Also drug content and film thickness affected the antimicrobial activity.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 2008

Thermal cross-linking method of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was carried out on PVA/PAA hydrogels. The level of gelation was measured in the PVA/PAA hydrogels with various PAA contents. The swelling behavior at various pHs showed that the swelling kinetics and water contents of the PVA/PAA hydrogels reached equilibrium after 30 h, and the time to reach the equilibrium state decreased with increasing PAA content in the hydrogel. The water content increased with increasing pH of the buffer solution. The permeation and release of the drug were tested using indomethacin as a model drug. The permeated and released amounts of the drug increased with decreasing the PAA content because of the low free volume in the hydrogel due to the higher cross-linking density. The kinetic profile of drug release at various pHs showed that all samples reached the equilibrium state within the 5 h.