• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.349-351
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• 2023

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2013

It is important to check the types of drugs when treating acute drug intoxication. This study researches the clinical characteristics and types of patients hospitalized in emergency medical center for drug addiction in 2009 and 2010. By applying a drug addiction selecting kit, it studied the flexibility and clinical efficiency during diagnosis and treatment. The study result shows, among the drugs causing addiction, Sedative accounts for 34.4%, Herdicide 23.5%, Analgesic 17.2%, Insectide 7.8% and else 17.2%. Sedative showed the highest proportion both in 2009 and 2010. Among the drug addicted patients, 39 cases did not know that the drugs are poisonous and among them, the drug addiction selecting kit was positive in 32 cases (82.0%). In 42 cases where addiction was suspicious, 25 cases (59.5%) were positive in the drug addiction selecting kit. In 57 cases of using drug addiction selecting kits, the cases in which benzodiazepine was positive, were 30 and the most frequently cases were as follows; Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA) 13 cases, Amphetamines 3 cases, barbiturate 3 cases, and piate 3 cases. In the district using drug addiction kit meaningfully had Flumazenil injection much greater impact than the one not using the kit. This proves the efficiency of the kit (p<0.05). The uses of drug addiction selecting kits are for acute drug intoxicated patients and for providing objective and scientific information when emergency medical doctor are checking unchecked poisoning drugs. It is considered that drug addiction selecting kits would give help when treating the early stage of drug addicted patients in emergency medical treatment.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2017

Drug addiction is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by the compulsive pursuit of drugs of abuse despite potential adverse consequences. Although several decades of studies have revealed that psychostimulant use can result in extensive alterations of neural circuits and physiology, no effective therapeutic strategies or medicines for drug addiction currently exist. Changes in neuronal connectivity and regulation occurring after repeated drug exposure contribute to addiction-like behaviors in animal models. Among the involved brain areas, including those of the reward system, the striatum is the major area of convergence for glutamate, GABA, and dopamine transmission, and this brain region potentially determines stereotyped behaviors. Although the physiological consequences of striatal neurons after drug exposure have been relatively well documented, it remains to be clarified how changes in striatal connectivity underlie and modulate the expression of addiction-like behaviors. Understanding how striatal circuits contribute to addiction-like behaviors may lead to the development of strategies that successfully attenuate drug-induced behavioral changes. In this review, we summarize the results of recent studies that have examined striatal circuitry and pathway-specific alterations leading to addiction-like behaviors to provide an updated framework for future investigations.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.426-434
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• 2022

Aim: This study investigates the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 (GsRb1) on methamphetamine (METH)-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and METH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. It also examines whether GsRb1 can regulate these effects through the NR2B/ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with GsRb1 (20 mM and 40 mM) for 1 h, followed by METH treatment (2 mM) for 24 h. Rats were treated with METH (2 mg/kg) or saline on alternating days for 10 days to allow CPP to be examined. GsRb1 (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before METH or saline. Western blot was used to examine the protein expression of NR2B, ERK, P-ERK, CREB, P-CREB, and BDNF in the SH-SY5Y cells and the rats' hippocampus, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Results: METH dose-dependently reduced the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment of cells with 40 µM of GsRb1 increased cell viability and reduced the expression of METH-induced NR2B, p-ERK, p-CREB and BDNF. GsRb1 also attenuated the expression of METH CPP in a dose-dependent manner in rats. Further, GsRb1 dose-dependently reduced the expression of METH-induced NR2B, p-ERK, p-CREB, and BDNF in the PFC, hippocampus, and NAc of rats. Conclusion: GsRb1 regulated METH-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and METH-induced CPP through the NR2B/ERK/CREB/BDNF regulatory pathway. GsRb1 could be a therapeutic target for treating METH-induced neurotoxicity or METH addiction.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.712-726
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• 2022

이 연구는 신문의 뉴스 기사가 '마약 중독'에 대해 어떤 담론을 생산·유통하는지 알아보고, 그 담론의 지형과 의미를 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 국내 4개 일간지 신문의 뉴스기사를 대상으로 '마약', '마약 중독'을 키워드로 검색하여 자료를 수집하였다. 페어클로(Norman Fairclough)의 비판적 담론분석 방법을 활용하여 분석한 결과, 첫째, 텍스트 분석에서 마약 중독은 '범죄-처벌' 담론이 지배적이었다. 마약중독은 사회악이자 성범죄, 아동범죄, 폭력과 같은 중범죄이므로 엄격히 처벌해야 한다는 것이다. 둘째, 담론실천 분석에서 마약 중독은 치료가 필요한 '질병', 즉 정신질환이므로 국가에 의한 체계적 관리가 필요하다. 셋째, 사회문화적 실천 분석에서 마약 중독은 경제적 이익을 목적으로 한 돈벌이 수단이자, 정치권력의 부패와 관련이 있으며, 마약범죄가 국가의 근간을 위협하지 못하도록 강력히 통제해야 할 대상이다. 문화적으로 마약 중독은 쾌락 추구의 동기에서 비롯되며, 도덕적 타락의 결과이다. 이러한 분석을 통해 마약 중독의 지배 담론인 '범죄-처벌' 담론의 한계를 지적하고, '질병-치료' 담론으로의 전환과 치료·재활 중심의 약물정책을 대안으로 제시하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.688-696
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• 2021

본 연구는 한국과 일본의 약물중독에 대한 서비스 전달체계를 비교하여 한국의 약물중독 대책에 시사점을 제공하는 것이 목적이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위한 연구방법은 공적자료를 바탕으로 자료를 수집했으며 수집된 자료의 분석은 국가 간 차이법을 이용하였다. 연구결과 한국과 일본은 약물중독 대처에 표면상으로는 유사한 시스템으로 중독자와 그의 가족을 지원하고 있었지만, 차이점 또한 발견되었다. 한국은 약물중독 대처만을 위한 기구가 없으며, 단약이 어렵고 재발이 쉬운 중독임에도 불구하고 지속적인 원조가 미흡하다는 점이 발견되었다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 제안으로 첫째, 약물중독만을 위한 대처가 필요 둘째, 통합적인 서비스 전달체계 안에서 긴밀하고 상호보완적인 연계 셋째, 치료와 재활에 대한 지속성과 적절성이 필요, 넷째, 예방 교육의 콘텐츠가 필요함을 제언했다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권11호
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• pp.519-526
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• 2013

Dopamine (DA) regulates emotional and motivational behavior through the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. Changes in DA signaling in mesolimbic neurotransmission are widely believed to modify reward-related behaviors and are therefore closely associated with drug addiction. Recent evidence now suggests that as with drug addiction, obesity with compulsive eating behaviors involves reward circuitry of the brain, particularly the circuitry involving dopaminergic neural substrates. Increasing amounts of data from human imaging studies, together with genetic analysis, have demonstrated that obese people and drug addicts tend to show altered expression of DA D2 receptors in specific brain areas, and that similar brain areas are activated by food-related and drug-related cues. This review focuses on the functions of the DA system, with specific focus on the physiological interpretation and the role of DA D2 receptor signaling in food addiction.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze addiction prevention related content shown in middle school text books. Methods: Using a combination of the terms "addiction", "drug", "medicine", "personal preference", "smoking", "drinking", "sex", "misuse" or "abuse" as key words, the researchers screened the table of contents of 23 randomly selected middle school textbooks from the 2009 curriculum. Finally 13 textbooks (physical education=10, health=3) were selected for this study, and analyzed using Krippendorff's contents analysis. Results: Through indepth discussion and investigation of the relevant textbooks, content related to addiction prevention included material addiction (77.8%) and behavioral addiction (22.2%). The construction of addiction prevention in middle school textbooks included understanding addiction, rejection of peer temptation, and empowerment of self-control. Conclusion: When developing an intervention for addiction prevention that targets middle school students, education with accurate addiction information must be considered so that the students have the correct knowledge about addiction and addiction prevention. Additionally, the ability to reject peer temptation when invited to act upon related addiction behaviors should be treated seriously. The empowerment of self-control is also important, and can be promoted through strengthening self-regulation competence.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Addiction to illicit drugs is one of today's most important social issues. Most addictive drugs lead to irreversible parenchymal changes in the human brain. Neuroimaging data bring to light the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the abused drugs, and demonstrate that addiction is a disease of the brain. Continuous researches better illustrate the neurochemical alterations in brain function, and attempt to discover the links to consequent behavioral changes. Newer hypotheses and theories follow the numerous results, and more rational methods of approaching therapy are being developed. Substance abuse is on the rise in Korea, and social interest in the matter as well. On the other hand, diagnosis and treatment of drug addiction is still very difficult, because how the abused substance acts in the brain, or how it leads to behavioral problems is not widely known. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of drug addiction can improve the process of diagnosing addict patients, planning therapy, and predicting the prognosis. Neuroimaging approaches by nuclear medicine methods are expected to objectively judge behavioral and neurochemical changes, and response to treatment. In audition, as genes associated with addictive behavior are discovered, functional nuclear medicine images will aid in the assessment of individuals. Reviewing published literature on neuroimaging regarding nuclear medicine is expected to be of assistance to the management of drug addict patients. What's more, means of applying nuclear medicine to the care of drug addict patients should be investigated further.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2004

Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention has been widely used for treatment for many functional disorders, such as substances abuse and mental dysfunction. In general, acupuncture is known to be simple, economic; painless, non-traumatic, and without untoward reaction, being able to inhibit the abstinence syndrome. Although a number of studies on acupuncture have been reported, a few studies described acupuncture effect on drug addiction. Evidences suggest that substances abuses including nicotine, cocaine and alcohol are in part related to its effects on dopamine neurons in the reward pathways of the brain. The effects of acupuncture on drug addiction may be mediated through the neuronal cells within the limbic structures, which are known to be involved in rewarding properties of drug abuse. This essay reviews clinical and experimental evidences for its effectiveness on the drug addiction, and discusses a plausible explanation for the mechanism of acupuncture on substances abuse.