• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 1994

Several different classes of antidepressants(ADs) with newer drugs becoming available have been used for the phamacological management of a broad spectrum of mental disorders, among which depressive disorder is most commonly indicated. Successful clinical use of ADs requires a complete understanding of the psychopharmacological properties of ADs and on accurate knowledge of patients, characteristics based on clinical experience and theoretical framework. This paper aims at providing some practical information on the clinical use of ADs to assist clinicians in treating patients with major depression. The author describes (1) different classes of ADs and their presumed mechanisms of action, (2) clinical characteristics of ADs focusing on side-effect profiles, (3) some issues arising during the treatment course such as : a) pretreatment tasks, b) choice of ADs, c) therapeutic drug dose and monitoring of drug concentration, d) three stages of treatment and e) strategies in refractory depression and (4) ADs in special patient groups.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the general characteristics and health behaviors of students with non-therapeutic substance use. Methods: This secondary data analysis used data from the 17th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2021). Analyses of the 54,848 adolescents used descriptive statisics, the Rao-Scott χ² test, and logistic regression. Results: The risk factors for substance use among students were anxiety, loneliness, living separately from family, suicidal ideation, e-cigarette use, and high stress. Conclusion: The findings help identify the risk factors for non-therapeutic drug use among adolescents. Since South Korea does not have a drug prevention program for its adolescent population, an educational plan based on these findings could help prevent adolescent substance abuse.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was intended to present basic data of a more effective drug free education program by examining and analyzing the needs of drug and health education in the adolescent. Method: The study subjects were 480 students from six high schools in Pusan. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire between June 1 and June 10, 1999. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test in SPSS program were used for data analysis. Result: The scoring rate of knowledge for drug abuse of the subjects was 26.8％. For the scores of knowledge according to the type of drug, cigarettes were the highest at 38.4％, and for the scores of knowledge according to items, the abuse part was 59％, also the highest. The needs of drugs and drug education for the subjects had an average of 19.59. For the score of needs according to the items, plans to maintain and improve health was 1.72, the highest, methods to control anger and stress was 1.66, toxicity of drugs was 1.51, and medicinal use of drugs was 1.44. For the characteristics of the subject and characteristics relating to drugs, and the comparison of needs of drug education, consisted of students who said they liked or disliked their school life, those who have had drug education at school, who having received drug education by various kinds of materials, all had high needs for the education. Conclusion: It is necessary that drug free education plans including plans to maintain and improve health on the basis of the needs of drug education for the adolescent and other contents such as the methods to control anger and stress are established. Development of various kinds of audio-visual materials, publicity booklets and educational programs for parents etc. are needed in order to make the adolescent have an interest in drug free education, and recognize its importance.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2017

Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), also known as G protein-coupled receptors, are popular targets of drug development, particularly 7TMR systems that are activated by peptide ligands. Although many pharmaceutical drugs have been discovered via conventional bulk analysis techniques the increasing availability of structural and evolutionary data are facilitating change to rational, targeted drug design. This article discusses the appeal of neuropeptide-7TMR systems as drug targets and provides an overview of concepts in the evolution of vertebrate genomes and gene families. Subsequently, methods that use evolutionary concepts and comparative analysis techniques to aid in gene discovery, gene function identification, and novel drug design are provided along with case study examples.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.217-227
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• 1988

An alternative to the well known reversed-phase separations on chemically-boned phases has been developed. The approach is based on a dynamic modification of bare silica with long chain quaternary ammonium ions. The influence of the concentration and type of quaternary ammonium ion, the pH value and the ionic strength of the eluent on the selectivity towards test solutes has been investigated. The large number of parameters that can be attained. Once established, a high degree of reproducibility of the selectivity between solutes is obtained even when using different brands of silica; this is in contrast to the situation when using chemically-bonded phases, such as for example, different brands of octadecylsilyl-bonded silica materials. Examples of the use of system in pharmaceutical analysis and drug metabolism studies are given.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.18-21
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• 2012

Parasomnias induced by hypnosedatives are rare but serious side effect. Such parasomnias have not been reported with all hypnosedatives. However, frequent use of hypnosedatives, particularly nonbenzodiazepine receptor agonists is associated with parasomnias. Associated symptoms are sleep eating, sleepwalking with object manipulation, sleep conversations, sleep driving, sleep sex and sleep shopping etc. Mechanisms include high affinity for $GABA_A$ receptor, interruption of the consolidation phase of memory formation by drug, pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic drug-drug interaction and concomitant administration with alcohol. Managements for parasomnias induced by hypnosedatives involve stopping medication, switch to other medications or nonpharmacological treatment, lowest effective dose of NBRAs (Non-Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists), taking into consideration drug-drug interactions, identification and treatment of underlying disease states.

• Safe Food
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2014

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the status of drug misuse and abuse in community-dwelling elders. Methods: The participants in this study were elders who were 65 years or over, and lived in ChungNam province. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: All of the participants reported taking both prescription and non-prescription drugs, and 78.4% used two or more kinds of drugs. Of the elders, 74.5% reported that they did not receive any education about drug misuse and abuse. The mean score for behaviors related to drug misuse was 8.76. Conclusions: Results indicate that many elders take medicine frequently, but they do not have any knowledge about drugs and possible side effects. This lack of knowledge might mean that they continue to use and misuse prescription and non-prescription drugs. It is important that elders be provided with precise information about medicines.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.452-465
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• 2008

Hair analysis for drugs of abuse offers the crucial potential advantage when compared to urine, such as the longer time window of drug intake, which makes retrospective investigation of chronic and/or past consumption. This paper reviews the physiological basis of hair growth, mechanism of drug incorporation, analytical methods, result interpretation and practical application of hair analysis. Moreover, to facilitate the court's decision regarding specific circumstances surrounding the crime, this review demonstrated that the results of hair analysis not only should be admitted as scientific evidence of drug use but also could legally improve reliability of the evidence.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 1986

The use of biodegradable polymetric materials as drug carriers is a relatively new dimension in polymeric drug delivery systems. A number of biodegradable or bioerodible polymers, such as poly(lactic/glycolic acid) copolymer, poly($\alpha$-amino acid), polyanhydride, and poly (ortho ester) are currently being investigated for this purpose. These polymers are useful for matrix and reservoir-type delivery devices. In addition, when chemical functional groups are introduced to the biodegradable polymer backdone, such as poly (N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide), the therapeutic agent can be covalently bound directly or via spacer to the backbone polymer. These polymer/drug conjugates represent another new dimension in biodegradable polymeric drug delivery systems. In addition, examples of biodegradable polymeric durg delivery systems currently being investigated will be discussed for the purpose of demonstrarting the potential importance of this new field.