• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.319-328
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• 2021

Parallel administration of numerous drugs increases Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) because one drug might affect the activity of other drugs. DDI causes negative or positive impacts on therapeutic output. So there is a need to discover DDI to enhance the safety of consuming drugs. Though there are several DDI system exist to predict an interaction but nowadays it becomes impossible to maintain with a large number of biomedical texts which is getting increased rapidly. Mostly the existing DDI system address classification issues, and especially rely on handcrafted features, and some features which are based on particular domain tools. The objective of this paper to predict DDI in a way to avoid adverse effects caused by the consumed drugs, to predict similarities among the drug, Drug pair similarity calculation is performed. The best optimal weight is obtained with the support of KHA. LSTM function with weight obtained from KHA and makes bets prediction of DDI. Our methodology depends on (LSTM-KHA) for the detection of DDI. Similarities among the drugs are measured with the help of drug pair similarity calculation. KHA is used to find the best optimal weight which is used by LSTM to predict DDI. The experimental result was conducted on three kinds of dataset DS1 (CYP), DS2 (NCYP), and DS3 taken from the DrugBank database. To evaluate the performance of proposed work in terms of performance metrics like accuracy, recall, precision, F-measures, AUPR, AUC, and AUROC. Experimental results express that the proposed method outperforms other existing methods for predicting DDI. LSTMKHA produces reasonable performance metrics when compared to the existing DDI prediction model.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2020

Background: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in patients using oral anticancer treatment are more common than in those using injectable anticancer agents. In addition, DDIs related to anticancer treatment are known to cause clinically significant outcomes, such as treatment failure and severe toxicity. To prevent these negative outcomes, significant DDIs are monitored and managed using the information provided in drug databases. We aimed to evaluate the consistency of information on clinically significant DDIs for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) between representative drug databases. Methods: We selected clinically significant DDIs involving medications that are co-prescribed with TKIs and met the following criteria: the severity level of DDIs was equal or greater than "D" in Lexicomp^® or "major" in Micromedex^®. We then analyzed the consistency of the severity classification and evidence level between the drug databases. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to identify the relationship between DDI information in the drug databases. Results: In total, 627 DDI pairs were identified as clinically significant; information on these was provided by Lexicomp^® and Micromedex^® for 571 and 438 pairs, respectively, and both drug databases provided information on 382 DDI pairs. There was no correlation between the severity and evidence level of DDIs provided in the two databases; Spearman's correlation coefficient for Lexicomp^® and Micromedex^® was -0.009 (p=0.861) and -0.064 (p=0.209), respectively. Conclusion: To judge the significance of DDIs, healthcare providers should consider that the information on DDIs may be different between drug information databases; hence, clinical factors must be considered concurrently.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2014

Background: Oriental lifestyle for treating diseases has been developed and well-accepted for a long time among Koreans. Sasang Constitution theory, originated from Korean traditional medicine, suggests that medication treatment should be differentiated by each patient's body classification (So-yang [SY], So-eum [SE], Tae-yang [TY], and Tae-eum [TE]), in contrary to western medicine's theory that medication should be applied equally by disease indication without such classification. However, the pharmacotherapeutic outcomes of these theories have not been compared to date. In this study, we aimed to compare the two theories by evaluating blood pressure (BP), which is lowered as a therapeutic outcome, among hypertensive patients taking angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) or calcium channel blockers (CCBs), two most commonly used antihypertensive classes in Korea. Methods: From April 2006 to June 2012, we retrospectively collected data on hypertensive patients with Sasang Constitution classification at Kyunghee University Hospital at Gangdong, one of the East-West collaborative medical centers in Korea. We collected information on age, gender, underlying diseases, antihypertensive drugs (ARB, CCB, ARB+CCB), and BP by reviewing the electronic medical records. We excluded patients with missing blood pressure at baseline or follow-up, or those who had a change in their antihypertensive drug class during follow-up. Results: We selected a total of 573 patients (SY: 165, SE: 158, TY: 0, TE: 250). Baseline BPs were on average 139.0/82.0 mmHg for SY, 137.8/78.5 mmHg for SE, and 138.7/79.2 mmHg for TE. In all three groups, CCBs were the most prescribed, followed by combination therapy with ARB+CCB, then ARBs. BP reduction after 1 month of initial medication was significantly different among the drug classes, but not in Sasang constitutional classification (ARB [SY: -12.4/-4.7, SE: -12.3/-2.5, TE: -8.6/-1.8], CCB [SY: -12.3/-5.4, SE: -13.0/-2.3, TE: -10.8/-6.0], ARB+CCB [SY: -15.6/-6.7, SE: -18.4/-8.1, TE: -20.2/-6.7], drug [$P{\leq}0.05$/P>0.05], constitutional type [P>0.05/P>0.05]). Conclusion: We observed significant differences in reduction of blood pressure by classes of drugs (ARB+CCB>CCB>ARB) but not by Sasang constitutional classification. Therefore, current approach of antihypertensive pharmacotherapy assisted by Western medicine is appropriate for treatment of hypertension. However, further larger scale or prospective studies are required in order to confirm these results.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.411.3-412
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• 2002

On the basis of recognizing that physicochemical properties (lipophilic/hydrophilic), intestinal absorption clearance and pharmacokinetic characteristics of drug are the fundamental parameters controlling the rate and the extent of drug absorption, the biopharmaceutics classification system for the correlation between drug lipid- solubility and intestinal absorption clearance is proposed. (omitted)

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2002

According to the literature on the, the results were as follows. 1. The mechanism of External therapy for prostatitis is some medicicne to come into prostate have anti-inframation and the other medicine to come into nerve system control pain. 2. For the method are uesed hip bath, enema and sticking the pacth to the umbilicus etc. 3. For the medicine are used safflower(紅花), patrinia(敗醫草), chrysanthemum flower(菊花) and Cortex Phellodendri(黃栢). nature and flavor of the medicine is almost cold, bitter in taste and hot in taste. 4. For the classification of medicine are used drug to induce diuresis to elominate stranguria(利尿通淋藥) and drug to induce diuresis to dispersing swelling(利水退腫藥). sometimes they are used to Heat-clearing and detoxifying drug(淸熱解毒藥) and blood-quickening aget(活血祛瘀藥).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 1983

The main objective of this case study is to develop demand forecasting model for durg inventory control in a university hospital. This study is based on the pertinent records during the period of January 1975 to August 1981 in the pharmacy and stock departments of the hospital. Through the analysis of the above records the author made some major findings as follows: 1. In A.B.C. classification, the biggest demand (A class) consists of 9 items which include 6 items of antibiotics. 2. Demand forecasting level of an index or discrepancy in A class drug compared with real demand for 6 months is average 30.4% by X-11 Arima method and 84.6% by Winter's method respectively. 3. After the correcting ty the number of bed, demand forecasting of drug compared with real demand for 6 months is average 23.1% by X-11 Arima method and 46.6% by Winter's method respectively.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.424-431
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• 2000

A biopharmaceutics drug classification system for correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo bioavailability is proposed based on recognizing that drug dissolution and gastrointestinal permeability are the fundamental parameters controlling the rate and extent of drug absorption. The objective of this study was to assess whether in vitro dissolution profiles of immediate-release beta-blocker tablets can be correlated with intestinal membrane permeability and/or in vivo bioavailability In vitro dissolution of the beta-blocker tablets was examined using KP VII Apparatus II methods at various pH. Intestinal membrane permeability was determined in vitro using the diffusion chamber method. Bioavailablity parameters were cited from literatures. The dissolution profiles did not accurately represent the in vivo bioavailablity However there were good correlations between intestinal membrane permeability and log P (noctanol/buffer). The correlations obtained in this study indicated that in vitro diffusion chamber method could be used to predict intestinal absorption in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.268-275
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• 2013

This text was analyzed and investigated the distribution of medicinal plants in Cheongoksan Bonghwagun Korea, in order to search the medicinal resources that are used in modern medicine. Medicinal plants of the Korean Pharmacopoeia (10th edition) distributed in Cheongoksan Bonghwagun were consisted of 93 taxa ; 82 species, 10 varieties, 1 forma of 79 genus, 50 families. In medicinal plants of the Korean Pharmacopoeia, rate of native species and exotic species was 89.2% (83 taxa) and 10.8% (10 taxa) respectively. Family classification was the most of compositae of 8 taxa, and life form classification was most of herb of hemicryptophyte species. The classification by using parts were 34 taxa of root use and the classification of efficacy utilization was 24 taxa of Cheongyeolyak (heat-clearing drug) use.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 2015

Background: Issues concerning with the classification accuracy of Korean Outpatient Groups (KOPGs) have been raised by providers and researchers. The KOPG is an outpatient classification system used to measure casemix of outpatient visits and to adjust provider risk in charges by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service in managing insurance payments. The objective of this study were to refine KOPGs to improve the classification accuracy and to evaluate the refinement. Methods: We refined the rules used to classify visits with multiple procedures, newly defined chemotherapy drug groups, and modified the medical visit indicators through reviews of other classification systems, data analyses, and consultations with experts. We assessed the improvement by measuring % of variation in case charges reduced by KOPGs and the refined system, Enhanced KOPGs (EKOPGs). We used claims data submitted by providers to the HIRA during the year 2012 in both refinement and evaluation. Results: EKOPGs explicitly allowed additional payments for multiple procedures with exceptions of packaging of routine ancillary services and consolidation of related significant procedures, and discounts ranging from 30% to 70% were defined in additional payments. Thirteen chemotherapy drug KOPGs were added and medical visit indicators were streamlined to include codes for consultation fees for outpatient visits. The % of variance reduction achieved by EKOPGs was 48% for all patients whereas the figure was 40% for KOPGs, and the improvement was larger in data from tertiary and general hospitals than in data from clinics. Conclusion: A significant improvement in the performance of the KOPG was achieved by refining payments for visits with multiple procedures, defining groups for visits with chemotherapy, and revising medical visit indicators.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.262-267
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• 2014

Unused medication disposal is a burden due to the cost of disposing as well as the cost of the drugs. Investigating medication returns is expected to suggest areas of intervention to reduce unused medications. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine types, quantity, costs, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and therapeutic category of the medications returned to community pharmacies. Method: From January 15, 2014 to February 28, 2014, the medications returned to the 17 community pharmacies in Gimhae, Jinju, and Incheon, Korea were examined. The pharmacists and student volunteers worked cooperatively to identify the medications and analyze drug cost of prescription pill medications returned to the pharmacies. Results: A total of 2,720 pills of prescription medication were analyzed and 91 active pharmaceutical ingredients were identified. According to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification, the most predominant group was A (alimentary tract and metabolism) with 33.3%, followed by N (nervous system) with 15.0%. With regard to the drug cost of groups, group A was the highest with 26.6%, followed by J01 (antibacterials for systemic use) with 20.2% and N (nervous system) with 18.3%. The total cost of the oral pill prescription medications was 468,477 won. Conclusion: The result from this study implies that unused drugs impose a significant cost to the health care system in Korea. In this study, medicines used to treat gastrointestinal conditions were returned most frequently with the highest drug cost. Further research in nationwide level is necessary to establish strategies to reduce the wastage of unused medicines.