• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.276.3-277
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• 2003

A simple, accurate GC analytical technique for the determination of phthalates. commonly used as plasticizers during the manufacturing process of PVC bags, in blood component preparations was developed and validated. The blood component preparations were extracted with n-hexane. The n-hexane layer was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in 1 $m\ell$ of n-hexane and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.414.2-414.2
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• 2002

To secure the safety of drugs without compromising drug efficacy, it can not be more important to administer the exact intended amount of active ingredients to patients. Even if the correct amount of drugs are taken in the correct manner, drug can be overdosed or less-dosed without intention unless the content uniformity of the unit dose were secured. Especially, it can be a serious problem when it comes to drugs with narrow therapeutic windows or a strong pharmacological activity at a small dose. (omitted)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

Drug-drug interactions are a major cause of hospitalization and deaths related to drug use. A large fraction of these is due to inhibition of enzymes involved in drug metabolism and transport, particularly cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. Understanding basic mechanisms of enzyme inhibition is important, particularly in terms of reversibility and the use of the appropriate parameters. In addition to drug-drug interactions, issues have involved interactions of drugs with foods and natural products related to P450 enzymes. Predicting drug-drug interactions is a major effort in drug development in the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies. With appropriate in vitro experiments, it is possible to stratify clinical drug-drug interaction studies. A better understanding of drug interactions and training of physicians and pharmacists has developed. Finally, some P450s have been the targets of drugs in some cancers and other disease states.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-75
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• 2000

The result were as follows: 1. Apply the drug to the affected part can used every time of ulcer. 2. Apply the drug to the affected part is used cold drug on yang-syndrome, hot drug on yin-syndrome, regulate drug on ban yin and ban yang-syndrome. 3. Apply the drug to the affected part is used alcohol, water, allii radix(인), zingiberis rhizoma recens(姜), juice of chrysanthemi flos(菊花) and so forth. 4. Apply the drug to the affected part can't used hot drug on yang-syndrome, cold drug on yin-syndrome. 5. Apply the drug to the affected part is used to be very busy of YouYuiKimHoangSan(如意金黃散). 6. Apply the drug to the affected part is used to be very busy on the angelicae adhuricae radix(白芷) of disperse the edema and drain the pus, and on the arisaematis rhizoma(南星), rhei radix et rhizoma(大黃), olibanum(乳香), phellodendri cortex(黃柏), calomelas(輕粉), glycyrrhizae radix(甘草), angelicae gigantis radix(當歸), myrrha(沒藥) of clearing away heat, activating blood circulation and relieve pain. 7. Apply the drug to the affected part is clearing away heat, activating blood circulation 8. Apply the drug to the affected part is cold and hot. 9. Apply the drug to the affected part is pungent, bitter and sweet. 10. Apply the drug to the affected part is non-toxic. 11. Apply the drug to the affected part is used to be very busy on the chanel of liver, heart, spleen, lung, stomach.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.266-271
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• 2017

Synthetic cannabinoids are one of most abused new psychoactive substances. The recreational use of abused drug has aroused serious concerns about the consequences of these drugs on infection. However, the effects of synthetic cannabinoid on resistance to tetanus toxin are not fully understood yet. In the present study, we aimed to determine if the administration of synthetic cannabinoids increase the susceptibility to tetanus toxin-induced motor behavioral deficit and functional changes in cerebellar neurons in mice. Furthermore, we measured T lymphocytes marker levels, such as CD8 and CD4 which against tetanus toxin. JWH-210 administration decreased expression levels of T cell activators including cluster of differentiation (CD) $3{\varepsilon}$, $CD3{\gamma}$, CD74p31, and CD74p41. In addition, we demonstrated that JWH-210 induced motor impairment and decrement of vesicle-associated membrane proteins 2 levels in the cerebellum of mice treated with tetanus toxin. Furthermore, cerebellar glutamatergic neuronal homeostasis was hampered by JWH-210 administration, as evidenced by increased glutamate concentration levels in the cerebellum. These results suggest that JWH-210 may increase the vulnerability to tetanus toxin via the regulation of immune function.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.118-138
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• 1999

This study presents the variations on drug utilization for outpatients' URI, gastritis. and hypertension by the type of hospital- tertiary hospital. general hospital. hospital. clinic. It investigated drug expenses. daily drug expenses. days of medication. the highest price of the drugs used. and the number of the different drugs used for each disease and type of hospital. This study also performed analysis to see how much the variations of variables related to drug use affect the variations of drug expenses. The dependent variable was drug expenses and the independent variables were days of medication. the average price of the drugs used. and the number of the different drugs used. Analysis of the drug utilization was performed on NFMI(National Federation of Medical Insurance) 1994 medical expense claim data. Patients with secondary diseases were excluded. In this study. 379 patients with URI, 386 patients with gastritis. 1.257 patients with hypertension were included. It was founded that there were large variation on drug utilization between the types of hospital for same diseases. Days of medication were longest in tertiary hospitals and shortest in hospitals or clinics. Clinics showed the lowest daily drug expenses in all of the diseases investigated. Daily drug expenses were highest in general hospitals or hospitals. which also tended to use drugs of higher price than other types of hospital. General hospitals and hospitals had larger variations in daily drug expenses and the highest price of drugs. It suggested that drug might be utilized overly in general hospitals and hospitals and some other factors might influence on drug utilization in these hospitals. It was found that the variations of drug expenses were affected by the variations of drug price and days of medication rather than the number of the different drugs. Then the strategy to reduce the variations of drug utilization and to improve the quality of drug utilization should focus on the drug price and days of medication. Further study is needed to assess the quality as well as the variation of drug utilization and to show the factors which affect them.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.32-53
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• 2015

Objectives : This research aimed to analyze studies on pediatric disease treated by kampo drug, kind of kampo drug used in children, treatment period, and the result of kampo drug treatment for children in Japan. Methods : We got 263 search result with searching word 'kampo medicine' and '小兒', 'children', '乳兒' in J-stage. We selected 34 articles among them which were related to objective of research to analyze studies by type of pediatric disease treated with kampo drug, kinds of kampo drug for each disease, treatment period and result of kampo drug treatment for children. We considered frequency of kampo drug use & pediatric disease treated with kampo drug and significance of research. Results : According to analyzed results, respiratory diseases are the most frequent diseases that are healed by kampo drug. Next sequenced diseases are skin disease. In Kind of kampo drug for pediatric disease. Goreisan and Shosaikoto (柴胡桂枝湯), Shokenchuto (小建中湯) are used frequently. Also, various disease treated with kampo drug were improved. Conclusions : Japanese Doctors consider the Kampo drug is safe and has a lot of merit compared to modern medication. Especially for symptom with unknown origin & immune diseases such as upper respiratory tract infections. Referring to clinical cases of kampo drug in Japan, we will use kampo drug for various pediatric diseases in future.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.280.3-281
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• 2003

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of DMDM hydantoin, sorbic acid, phenoxy ethanol in cosmetics was studied by using a X-terra C18 column and 0.75mM KH2PO4 in 0.85％ sulfuric acid and methanol mixture(7:3) at 214nm. Calibration curves were found to be linear in the 20-100$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL range (DMDM hydantoin), 50-250$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL range (sorbic acid) and 10-50$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL range (phenoxy ethanol). The result of recovery test were 96.6％ - 104.2％. This HPLC method can be applied quality control of cosmetics.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.403.3-404
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• 2002

Dimethyl phthalate(DMP). diethyl phthalate(DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP). butyl benzyl phthalate(BBP). bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate(DOP) in lotions was determined by gas chromatography. and benzyl benzoate was used as the intermal standard. The separation of the six phthalates and internal standard was optimized, and the optimal analytical conditions were as follows: column. DB-1701 (I.D. 0.25mm): mobile phase. helium: oven temperature 20$0^{\circ}C$ (10 min) ${\rightarrow}10^{\circ}C$/min ${\rightarrow}260^{\circ}C$/min(30min), injector temperature 23$0^{\circ}C$, detector temperature 28$0^{\circ}C$. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.544-544
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• 2003

We investigated the inhibitory effect of whitening materials with growth factor or alone on melanomas derived from Human (B-16) and mouse (SK-MEL-31) using melanin content. Melanin content was determined by the absorbance value at 470nm per cells. we used the growth factors known as activators of Adenylate cyclase, Protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase pathway separately. In addition, we compared the action of UV-induced with non-biological growth factor with whitening materials in melanomas derived from Human and mouse. The results showed that the aspect of inhibitory effect of whitening materials on B16 and SK-MEL-31 was not different. And, the action of each growth factor involved in the differentiation and proliferation of melanoma on the inhibition of melanogenesis in B-16 and SK-MEL-31 using whitening agents showed no difference. Also, The action of UV -induced and non-biological growth factors didn't exhibit different pattern on the effect of whitening agent in B-16 and SK-MEL-31.