• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

In this paper, we studied the effects of intersection angles of the flow-foucusing type droplet generation device inlet channel on droplet diameter using numerical simulation modeling. We modeled different intersection angles with a fixed continuous channel width, dispersed channels width, orifices width, and expansion channels width. Numerical simulations were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics$^{(R)}$ to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for a two-phase flow in various flow-focusing geometries. Modeling results showed that an increase of the intersection angle causes an increase in the modification of the dispersed flow rate ($v^{\prime}{_d}$), and the increase of the modification of the continuous flow rate ($v^{\prime}{_c}$) obstructs the dispersed phase fluid flow, thereby reducing the droplet diameter. However, the droplet diameter did not decrease, even when the intersection angle increased. The droplet diameter decreased when the intersection angle was less than $90^{\circ}$, increased at an intersection angle of $90^{\circ}$, and decreased when the intersection angle was more than $90^{\circ}$. Furthermore, when the intermediate energy deceased, there was a decrease in the droplet diameter when the intersection angle increased. Therefore, variations in the droplet diameter can be used to change the intersection angle and fluid flow rate.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.521-529
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• 2000

A modified interfacial heat transfer correlation between a dispersed water droplet and ambient superheated steam is proposed and compared with available experimental data and other correlations. Modified one overcomes the inherent deficiencies of Lee and Ryley's interfacial heat transfer correlation that ignored the effects of steam superheating which can not be neglected especially in the reflood situation of a loss-of-coolant accident. Modified one is represented by (equation omitted) In the present correlation the effect of possible subcooling of a water droplet is not taken into consideration. Comparison of the above correlation with currently available measurement data for a water droplet in high temperature gas flow shows that the proposed one correlates well with the measurement data where the degree of superheating is negligible and considerable.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.587-593
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• 2004

In this paper, flow characteristics of plasma flow in a micro-tube were investigated experimentally using micro particle image velocimetry(micro-PIV). For comparison, the experiments were repeated for deionized(DI) wale. instead of plasma. Both velocity profiles of plasma and do-ionized water are well agreed with the theoretical velocity distribution of newtonian fluid. We also carried out generating plasma-in-oil droplet formation at a Y-junction microchannel. In order to clarify the hydrodynamic aspects involved in plasma droplet formation, Rhodamine-B were mixed with plasma only for visualization of plasma droplet. With oil as the continuous phase and plasma as the dispersed phase, plasma droplet can be generated in a continuous phase flow at a Y-junction. For given experimental parameters, regular-sized droplets are reproducibly formed at a uniform flow conditions.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2001

Liquid fossil fuel contaminated by water can cause trouble in the combustion processes and affect the endurance of a combustion system. Using an optical sensor to monitor the water content instantaneously in a fuel pipeline is an effective means of controlling the fuel quality in a combustion system. In two component liquid flows of oil and water, the flow pattern and characteristics of water droplets are changed with various flow conditions. Additionally, the light scattering of the optical sensor measuring the water content is also dependent on the flow patterns and droplet characteristics. Therefore, it is important to investigate the detailed behavior of water droplets in the pipeline of the fuel transportation system. In this study, the flow patterns and characteristics of water droplets in the turbulent pipe flow of two component liquids of gasoline and water were investigated using optical measurements. The dispersion of water droplets in the gasoline flow was visualized, and the size and velocity distributions of water droplets were simultaneously measured by the phase Doppler technique. The Reynolds number of the gasoline pipe flow varied in the range of $4{\times}10^{4}\;to\;1{\times}10^{3}$, and the water content varied in the range of 50 ppm to 300 ppm. The water droplets were spherical and dispersed homogeneously in all variables of this experiment. The velocity of water droplets was not dependent on the droplet size and the mean velocity of droplets was equal to that of the gasoline flow. The mean diameter of water droplets decreased and the number density increased with the Reynolds number of the gasoline flow.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.687-694
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• 1999

This study was conducted to develop new drying process for automatic control and marine engi-neering system. Air-water tests were carried out to investigate dryer performance. The dispersed flow in he dryer test apparatuses was also simulated by using a numerical code which solves the Dittus-Boelter equation for continuous liquid phase and the Reynolds equation of droplet motion for continuous liquid phase and the Reynolds equation of droplet motion for dispersed phase to predict droplet removal efficiency. Proper conditions for dehumidification were optimized by response ambient conditions. When the selected indexes were constrained in the range of 85-98% moisture content above $15^{\circ}$ and more than mass flow rates of moist air 750kg/h. The numerical results were compared with the experimental data pertaining to the removal effi-ciency at chamber stage and overall pressure drop along concentric tubes Good agreement was obtained as for the efficiency while relatively poor agreement was obtained for the relative humidity. The results also showed that the efficiency depended strongly on the relative humidity at the inlet condition which indicated the importance of estimating the heat exchanger length. Effects of some design parameters in both removal efficiency and breakthrough onset condition are discussed.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2010년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.362-364
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• 2010

Shock wave interaction with droplet-gas medium is investigated in this paper. In the present computation, the shock wave is initially started in a pure gas and reflected from the wedge to interact with the droplet-ridden gas flows. We used the compressible two-fluid two-phase model that is solved by the two-fluid version of the HLL scheme. The interfacial drag force and heat transfer were included to model the interaction between continuous and dispersed phases. The parametric effect of void fraction on the shock wave reflection in the two-phase media was investigated.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.2464-2476
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• 2021

Direct-contact heat transfer of a single saturated droplet upon colliding with a heated wall in the regime of film boiling was experimentally investigated using high-resolution infrared thermometry technique. This technique provides transient local wall heat flux distributions during the entire collision period. In addition, various physical parameters relevant to the mechanistic modelling of these phenomena can be measured. The obtained results show that when single droplets dynamically collide with a heated surface during film boiling above the Leidenfrost point temperature, typically determined by droplet collision dynamics without considering thermal interactions, small spots of high heat flux due to localized wetting during the collision appear as increasing We_n. A systematic comparison revealed that existing theoretical models do not consider these observed physical phenomena and have lacks in accurately predicting the amount of direct-contact heat transfer. The necessity of developing an improved model to account for the effects of local wetting during the direct-contact heat transfer process is emphasized.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.761-766
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• 2018

액적-기반 미세유체장치는 물질 합성 및 초고속 대용량 스크리닝 등 다양한 응용분야에서 변형 가능한 새로운 접근법을 이끌어 냈다. 그러나 단일의 액적생성기를 이용한 액적의 생성 속도가 매우 낮기 때문에 이를 상용화 하기 위해서는 생산속도를 높이기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 본 연구는 단일의 유동-집속 생성기를 병렬로 연결하여 단분산성 액적의 생성 속도를 높이는 방법에 관한 것이다. 이러한 액적생성기를 갖는 미세유체장치를 제작하기 위해 본 연구에서는 양면 임프린팅 방법을 이용하여 단층 엘라스토머 조각에3차원의 마이크로 채널을 갖는 3D 모놀리식 탄성중합체 장치(monolithic elastomer device, 3D MED)를 제작 할 수 있다. 이렇게 제작된 8개의 액적생성기가 연결된 3D MED를 이용하여 연속상과 분산상의 유체를 조절하여 단분산성 액적의 형성속도가 향상되었음을 증명하였다. 따라서 본 미세유체시스템을 사용하여 다양한 재료 또는 세포들을 함유하는 단분산성 액적을 형성하여 마이크로입자 제조 및 스크리닝 시스템과 같은 넓은 분야에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.316-325
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• 2002

비상용성 LDPE/PS 블렌드계 (86.5/l3.5 vol%)를 내부 혼합기를 사용하여 만들었고 레오미터 (rheometer)와 scanning electron microscope (SEM)으로 분산상인 droplet들의 변형과 합체 (coalescence)거동에 대하여 살펴보았다. 혼합 초기에 일정한 크기의 droplet들이 서로 뭉쳐졌고 큰 변형 하에서 실모양 (thread-like)을 나타냈다. 본 실험에 사용한 LDPE/PS 블렌드계의 critical capillary number를 De Bruijn의 실험식으로 계산한 결과 0.96이었고 local capillary number는 3.867이었다. 또한 블렌드 시편을 $200^{\circ}C$에서 다양한 시간으로 서냉한 후 서냉 시간에 따른 형태의 변화를 관찰하였다. $200^{\circ}C$에서 ${\gamma}$=1789일 때 최대 크기의 droplet이 관찰되었고 특히 서냉 시간이 15분일 때 형태의 파괴 (break-up)가 일어났다. Droplet의 합체에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 것은 기질의 점도이다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.175-191
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• 2016

In this work, oil-in-water emulsions (O/W) were prepared successfully by membrane emulsification with $0.5{\mu}m$ pore size membrane. Sunflower oil was emulsified in aqueous Tween80 solution with a simple crossflow apparatus equipped with ceramic tube membrane. In order to increase the shear-stress near the membrane wall, a helical-shaped reducer was installed within the lumen side of the tube membrane. This method allows the reduction of continuous phase flow and the increase of dispersed phase flux, for cost effective production. Results were compared with the conventional cross-flow membrane emulsification method. Monodisperse O/W emulsions were obtained using tubular membrane with droplet size in the range $3.3-4.6{\mu}m$ corresponded to the membrane pore diameter of $0.5{\mu}m$. The final aim of this study is to obtain O/W emulsions by simple membrane emulsification method without reducer and compare the results obtained by membrane equipped with helix shaped reducer. To indicate the results statistical methods, $3^p$ type full factorial experimental designs were evaluated, using software called STATISTICA. For prediction of the flux, droplet size and PDI a mathematical model was set up which can describe well the dependent variables in the studied range, namely the run of the flux and the mean droplet diameter and the effects of operating parameters. The results suggested that polynomial model is adequate for representation of selected responses.