• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2019

It is expected that the introduction of real-driving emission will strengthen the exhaust emission. However, various researches have been reported that real-driving emission has been influenced by factors such as characteristics of the test routes and driving characteristics for drivers. In order to reflect this effect, European Commission applied the concept of driving dynamics to prevent deliberately driving of excessive and acceleration over RDE test. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of exhaust emissions according to real-driving test in three test routes and driving style. As a result of the test, it was confirmed that when the same driver tested real-driving test under three test routes, it depends on the driving characteristics of the route. Also, RDE-NOx for driving style was that severe driving has been about 16 times higher than normal driving in KNUT route.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.107-122
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The use of virtual driving tests to determine actual road driving behavior is increasing. However, the results indicate a gap between real and virtual driving under same road conditions road based on ergonomic factors, such as anxiety and speed. In the future, the use of virtual driving tests is expected to increase. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to analyze the gap between real and virtual driving on same road conditions and to use a calibration formula to allow for higher reliability of virtual driving tests. METHODS : An intelligent driving recorder was used to capture real driving. A driving simulator was used to record virtual driving. Additionally, a virtual driving map was made with the UC-Win/Road software. We gathered data including geometric structure information, driving information, driver information, and road operation information for real driving and virtual driving on the same road conditions. In this study we investigated a range of gaps, driving speeds, and lateral positions, and introduced a calibration formula to the virtual record to achieve the same record as the real driving situation by applying the effects of the main causes of discrepancy between the two (driving speed and lateral position) using a linear regression model. RESULTS: In the virtual driving test, driving speed and lateral position were determined to be higher and bigger than in the real Driving test, respectively. Additionally, the virtual driving test reduces the concentration, anxiety, and reality when compared to the real driving test. The formula includes four variables to produce the calibration: tangent driving speed, curve driving speed, tangent lateral position, and curve lateral position. However, the tangent lateral position was excluded because it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of analyzing the formula from MPB (mean prediction bias), MAD (mean absolute deviation) is after applying the formula to the virtual driving test, similar to the real driving test so that the formula works. Because this study was conducted on a national, two-way road, the road speed limit was 80 km/h, and the lane width was 3.0-3.5 m. It works in the same condition road restrictively.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2023

Recently, the importance of simulation in a virtual driving environment as well as real road-based tests for autonomous vehicle testing is increasing. Real road tests are being actively conducted at K-City, an autonomous driving test bed located at the Korea Automobile Safety Test & Research Institute of the Transportation Safety Authority. In addition, the need to advance the K-City virtual driving environment and build a virtual environment similar to the autonomous driving system test environment in real road tests is increasing. In this study, for K-City of Korea Automobile Safety Test & Research Institute, using detailed drawings and actual field data, K-City virtual driving environment was advanced, and similarity verification was verified through comparative analysis with actual K-City.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2017

Although most electricity production contributes to air pollution, the vehicle organizations and environmental agency categorizes all EVs as zero-emission vehicles because they produce no direct exhaust or emissions. Currently available EVs have a shorter range per charge than most conventional vehicles have per tank of gas. EVs manufacturers typically target a range of 160 km over on a fully charged battery. The energy efficiency and driving range of EVs varies substantially based on driving conditions and driving habits. Extreme outside temperatures tend to reduce range, because more energy must be used to heat or cool the cabin. High driving speeds reduce range because of the energy required to overcome increased drag. Compared with gradual acceleration, rapid acceleration reduces range. Additional devices significant inclines also reduces range. Based on these driving modes and climate conditions, this paper discusses the performance characteristics of EVs on energy efficiency and driving range. Test vehicles were divided by low / high-speed EVs. The difference of test vehicles are on the vehicle speed and size. Low-speed EVs is a denomination for battery EVs that are legally limited to roads with posted speed limits as high as 72 km/h depending on the particular laws, usually are built to have a top speed of 60 km/h, and have a maximum loaded weight of 1,400 kg. Each vehicle test was performed according to the driving modes and test temperature ($-25^{\circ}C{\sim}35^{\circ}C$). It has a great influence on fuel efficiency amd driving distance according to test temperature conditions.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.141-158
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• 2022

고령운전자를 대상으로 하는 운전적성검사 체계는 국내에 다수 마련되어 있으나, 실차주행을 통해 실질적인 운전능력을 평가하는 항목 및 체계는 마련되어 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현재 국내에 존재하는 실차주행 평가방식인 기능시험 평가항목이 고령·일반 운전자의 운전능력 차이를 설명하는지 확인하고, 장내기능시험장을 활용하여 별도 평가항목을 개발하고자 실차주행실험을 수행하였으며, 운전자별 주행행태 데이터를 비교·분석하여 연령 및 신체·인지 능력에 따른 고령운전자의 운전능력 관련 통계적 유의성을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 기존의 기능시험 평가항목보다 별도 개발한 평가항목이 운전능력에 대해 더 높은 설명력을 갖추고 있음을 확인하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로, 실차주행을 통한 실질적인 고령운전자 운전능력 평가방법 마련 및 시스템 개발에 대한 방향성 및 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 대한작업치료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.127-143
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• 2018

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 뇌졸중 환자에게 운전 시뮬레이터와 Dynavision 훈련의 효과를 인지 평가와 주행 중 운전수행 능력 평가를 통해 비교하고, 두 가지 훈련방법의 차이에 대한 임상적 근거를 제시하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 본 연구를 위해 뇌졸중 환자 21명을 선정하여 무작위로 운전 시뮬레이터 훈련 집단(N=11)과 Dynavision 훈련 집단(N=10)으로 분류하고 각각 15회기의 훈련을 실시하였다. 대상자들의 주행 중 운전수행 능력 측정을 위해 운전 시뮬레이터 시나리오 시스템 평가를 실시하였고, 인지 능력을 측정하기 위해 DriveABLE Cognitive Assessment Tool(DCAT), Trail Making Test-A, Trail Making Test-B 그리고 Mini Mental State Examination-K 평가를 실시하였다. 결과 : 운전 시뮬레이터 훈련 집단은 모든 인지 능력평가와 대부분 운전수행 능력에서 통계적으로 유의미한 향상이 확인되었다. Dynavision 훈련 집단은 Trail Making Test-A를 제외한 모든 인지 능력 평가와 브레이크 페달 반응시간, 중앙선 침범 평균 시간 및 비율, 차선이탈 비율의 운전수행 능력에서 통계적으로 유의미하게 향상 되었다. 그리고 두 가지 훈련의 변화량은 도로주행평가의 결과 예측 지수와, 충돌사고 및 위험상황 발생 횟수에서 유의미한 차이를 보였으며, 이 변수들의 변화량은 두 가지 훈련방법의 적용 차이에 따라 모든 변수가 20% 이상의 인과적 영향력이 있음이 확인되었다. 결론 : 뇌졸중 환자의 운전훈련 방법으로 운전 시뮬레이터와 Dynavision 훈련은 모두 효과적인 중재방법임을 확인하였다. 특히 운전 시뮬레이터는 뇌졸중 환자의 운전수행 능력 전반을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과적인 훈련이며, Dynavision 훈련과는 20%의 설명력으로 훈련효과의 차이가 확인되었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2015

In this paper, the consideration factors that affect the actual driving of a rover wheel was examined based on the wheel-terrain model. For the evaluation of driving performance in a real environment, the test bed of the rover wheel consists of the driving part of the wheel and sensing part of the various parameters was designed and assembled. Using the test bed, the preliminary driving experiment concerning the slip ratio, sinkage, and friction force according to the rotational velocity and the shape of the wheel were carried out and evaluated. The wheel test bed and the experiment results are expected to contribute to finding the optimal result in the designing of the wheel shape and the planning of the driving conditions through further study.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationships between cognitive abilities and driving characteristics of elderly drivers. Driving characteristics of elderly and younger drivers who were driving a fixed base driving simulator vehicle were examined. Participants consisted of 12 drivers over age 65 (the 'older' group) and 12 drivers between the ages of 25 and 55 (the "younger" group). As indices of cognitive ability, critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) tests and cognitive reaction tests were given before the driving task. CFF was also tested after the simulated driving task for both groups. Cognitive reaction tests, which were composed of speed estimation tests, multiple choice reaction tests and obstacle avoidance tests, were developed by the Korean Road Traffic Safety Authority in 2003. CFF values between the two groups exhibited significant differences both before and after the task, with a p-value less than 0.01 and a t-value of -3.01 before the test and a p-value less than 0.031 and a t-value of -2.35 after the test. Older drivers' CFF values were lower than those of the younger. However, there was no difference in older or younger driver CFF values before and after the task within the same group. Except for the multiple choice reaction test, there was no difference in cognitive reaction test results between the two groups. The elderly drivers made more errors though they did not differ from the younger drivers in reaction times. At the simulated driving task the reaction time of the elderly driver was longer than that of the younger; however, the driving speed of the elderly was lower and the number of collisions greater. There was a positive correlation (r=.496) between the number of errors in the multiple choice reaction test and the number of collisions in the driving task. Therefore, it was identified that critical attributes contributing to automobile crashes involving elderly drivers included cognitive difficulty in judging and responding to complex situations.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2017

PURPOSES : This study analyzed the difference in a driver's workload between using a driving simulator and field driving in tunnel, highway. METHODS : Based on the literature review, it was found that a driver's workload could be quantified using biosignals. This study analyzed the biosignal data of 30 participants using data collected while they were using a driving simulator and during a field test involving tunnel driving. Relative energy parameter was used for biosignal analysis. RESULTS : The driver's workload was different between the driving simulator and field driving in tunnels, highway. Compared with the driving simulator test, the driver's workload exhibited high value in field driving. This result was significant at the 0.05 level. The same result was observed before the tunnel entrance section and 200 m after the entrance section. CONCLUSIONS : This study demonstrates the driving simulator effect that drivers feel safer and more comfortable using a driving simulator than during a field test. Future studies should be designed considering the result of this study, age, type of simulator, study site and so on.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2020

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 국내에 거주하는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 시지각 능력이 운전수행에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 운전수행능력 향상을 위한 시지각 훈련의 중요성을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구 방법 : 2014년 10월부터 11월까지 서울시 소재 병원에 입원중인 뇌졸중 환자 19명을 대상으로 MVPT(Motor-free Visual Perception Test), TMT A&B(Trail Making Test A & B), UFOV(Useful Field Of View test)를 사용하여 시지각능력 검사를 실시하였으며, 가상현실 운전시뮬레이터를 이용하여 운전수행능력을 검사하였다. 결과 : 뇌졸중 환자의 운전수행은 다양한 시지각 능력 평가도구와 관련성이 있었으며, UFOV 하위검사 2, TMT B, MVPT에서 가장 높은 상관관계가 나타났다. 또한, 시지각 능력 평가결과는 운전시뮬레이터 평가결과(합격/불합격)를 민감도 100.0%, 특이도 80.0%, 정확도 89.5%로 판별할 수 있었다. 결론 : 뇌졸중 환자의 운전수행에 있어 시지각 능력이 운전수행능력과 매우 높은 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 운전 재활 분야에서 시지각 능력과 관련된 운전재활 및 운전수행능력 평가를 시행하는데 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대한다.