• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 2019

If the operating system's core file contains an Intel PT, the debugger can not only check the program state at the time of the crash, but can also reconfigure the control flow that caused the crash. We can also extend the execution trace scope to the entire system to debug kernel panics and other system hangs. The second-generation PT, the WinIPT library, includes an Intel PT driver with additional code to run process and core-specific traces through the IOCTL and registry mechanisms provided by Windows 10 (RS5). In other words, the PT trace information, which was limited access only by the first generation PT, can be executed by process and core by the IOCTL and registry mechanism provided by the operating system in the second generation PT. In this paper, we compare and describe methods for collecting, storing, decoding and detecting malicious codes of data packets in a window environment using 1/2 generation PT.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2022

This Paper is about the study that design performance and reliability measurement circuits of the IPM which is an intelligent switching switch module included at an inverter circuits for driving of A.C. Servo motors in home appliance. IPM is a core device of motor driver and it's switching characteristics should be retained uniformly during the driving of a servo system. All of it's specification, the collector emitter switch on voltage Vce(on) spec. is very important. As the IPM are core part of inverters and producing from several brands and versions, for optimal performances of application systems a method and measurement & evaluation system to measure Vce(on) value, collector emitter switch on voltage, of the IPM IGBT switches with various brands are required. Especially, the proposed method can measure and evaluate Vce(on) values of IPM with load at mounting state on the motor driving circuits and proposed measurement & evaluation system can be important instrument systems for IPM user companies.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.69-85
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• 2019

Humans have been important driver to reconfigure the terrestrial surface of the Earth by altering its morphology and processes. The effect of human activities on the physical landscape, however, shows substantially uneven geographical patterns. Most of anthrogemorphoogical studies regarding human-induced denudation have focused on areas with a long history of human modifications such as humid landscapes, so the hypothesis is naturally a great human impact on landscapes. The effect of human activities on dryland Earth surfaces are far less commonly studied, although erosion is one of major concerns in arid and semi-arid region regarding land and water quality degradation. The urban metropolis of Phoenix, Arizona, USA provides an opportunity to explore the impact of the Anthropocene. The Phoenix metropolitan area rests on classic desert landforms, such as extensive pediments, alluvial fans and sand sheets. Human activities including cattle crazing, wildfire resulting from introduced grass species by human, and recent urbanization processes have impacted these classic desert landforms and altered geomorphic processes. The purpose of this paper, therefore, rests in examining Anthropocene in the geomorphology of the north-central Sonoran Desert. The objectives of this paper are: i) to understand the impact of the Anthropocene on the geomorphological processes and forms through field observations; ii) to quantify the magnitude of human impacts on landscape using a published two-decade long record of erosion dataset and natural background erosion dataset in submitted manuscript at the sprawling edge of the Phoenix metropolitan region; iii) to examine how geomorphic outcome can affect the sustainability of cities through the estimation of sediment yield under the condition of urban sprawl.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.44.1-44.10
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• 2023

Tumor hypoxia, oxygen deprivation state, occurs in most cancers and promotes angiogenesis, enhancing the potential for metastasis. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family genes play crucial roles in tumorigenesis by promoting angiogenesis. To investigate the malignant processes triggered by hypoxia-induced angiogenesis across pan-cancers, we comprehensively analyzed the relationships between the expression of VEGF family genes and hypoxic microenvironment based on integrated bioinformatics methods. Our results suggest that the expression of VEGF family genes differs significantly among various cancers, highlighting their heterogeneity effect on human cancers. Across the 33 cancers, VEGFB and VEGFD showed the highest and lowest expression levels, respectively. The survival analysis showed that VEGFA and placental growth factor (PGF) were correlated with poor prognosis in many cancers, including kidney renal cell and liver hepatocellular carcinoma. VEGFC expression was positively correlated with glioma and stomach cancer. VEGFA and PGF showed distinct positive correlations with hypoxia scores in most cancers, indicating a potential correlation with tumor aggressiveness. The expression of miRNAs targeting VEGF family genes, including hsa-miR-130b-5p and hsa-miR-940, was positively correlated with hypoxia. In immune subtypes analysis, VEGFC was highly expressed in C3 (inflammatory) and C6 (transforming growth factor β dominant) across various cancers, indicating its potential role as a tumor promotor. VEGFC expression exhibited positive correlations with immune infiltration scores, suggesting low tumor purity. High expression of VEGFA and VEGFC showed favorable responses to various drugs, including BLU-667, which abrogates RET signaling, an oncogenic driver in liver and thyroid cancers. Our findings suggest potential roles of VEGF family genes in malignant processes related with hypoxia-induced angiogenesis.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1571-1579
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• 2014

93% of road traffic accidents result from drivers' fault and Korea has the largest number of deaths from traffic accidents among the OECD members. For this reason, the country is measuring Traffic Culture Index (TCI) in each city, gun and gu annually to improve traffic safety policies and promote safety consciousness, but the influencing relation between TCI and actual traffic accidents is only based on the assumptions and no verification has been carried out, yet. Therefore, this study aims to verify if in reality, TCI represents the traffic culture level and has an influencing relation with traffic accidents and to suggest an improvement plan of research on the present state of TCI, based on the result. For this purpose, bases on data of the report about the present state of TCI from 2010 to 2012, and the influencing relation between the number of traffic accidents and the number of deaths from traffic accidents was analyzed through structural equation model. For influencing relation analysis through structural equation, research 1 to analyze the relation among TCI in each city, gun and gu, the number of traffic accidents and the number of deaths, and research 2 to analyze the influencing relation of the increase in TCI, the number of traffic accidents and the number of deaths were carried out. When verifying the influencing relation with traffic accidents through structural equation, the goodness of fit of the model was low in research 1 and as TCI increased, the number of accidents and deaths decreased in research 2 and thus the effect of TCI was verified.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

Enhanced machine reliability has dramatically reduced the rate and number of railway accidents but for further reduction human error should be considered together that accounts for about 20% of the accidents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to suggest a new taxonomy of performance shaping factors (PSFs) that could be utilized to identify the causes of a human error associated with railway accidents. Four categories of human factor, task factor, environment factor, and organization factor and 14 sub-categories of physical state, psychological state, knowledge/experience/ability, information/communication, regulation/procedure, specific character of task, infrastructure, device/MMI, working environment, external environment, education, direction/management, system/atmosphere, and welfare/opportunity along with 131 specific factors was suggested by carefully reviewing 8 representative published taxonomy of Casualty Analysis Methodology for Maritime Operations (CASMET), Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM), Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), Integrated Safety Investigation Methodology (ISIM), Korea-Human Performance Enhancement System (K-HPES), Rail safety and Standards Board (RSSB), $TapRoot^{(R)}$, and Technique for Retrospective and Predictive Analysis of Cognitive Errors (TRACEr). Then these were applied to the case of the railway accident occurred between Komo and Kyungsan stations in 2003 for verification. Both cause decision chart and why-because tree were developed and modified to aid the analyst to find causal factors from the suggested taxonomy. The taxonomy was well suited so that eight causes were found to explain the driver's error in the accident. The taxonomy of PSFs suggested in this study could cover from latent factors to direct causes of human errors related with railway accidents with systematic categorization.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1079-1086
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• 2012

In this paper, X-band 60 W Solid-State Power Amplifier with sequential control circuit and pulse width variation circuit for improve bias of SSPA module was designed. The sequential control circuit operate in regular sequence drain bias switching of GaAs FET. The distortion and efficiency of output signals due to SSPA nonlinear degradation is increased by making operate in regular sequence the drain bias wider than that of RF input signals pulse width if only input signal using pulsed width variation. The GaAs FETs are used for the 60 W SSPA module which is consists of 3-stage modules, pre-amplifier stage, driver-amplifier stage and main-power amplifier stage. The main power amplifier stage is implemented with the power combiner, as a balanced amplifier structure, to obtain the power greater than 60 W. The designed SSPA modules has 50 dB gain, pulse period 1 msec, pulse width 100 us, 10 % duty cycle and 60 watts output power in the frequency range of 9.2~9.6 GHz and it can be applied to solid-state pulse compression radar using pulse SSPA.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2014

Recently, the number of road construction is increasing by industrial development. According to this industrial tendency, the number of traffic accidents are consistently increasing due to increasing number of vehicle on the road. This is mainly because traffic accidents are occurred by various parameter such as negligence of driver, vehicle defects, state of unstable road, natural environment etc. Lane department of vehicles from guardrail is occurring frequently. This type of accident is caused by vehicle performance improvement and shape of vehicle, weak guardrail installation and maintenance. Guardrail has the purpose on prevention such as prevention of traffic accident and prevention of deviating out of road, minimizing damage of driver and vehicle by collision as well as entry into the road through guardrail. Stability evaluation test of guardrail verifies the behavior of guardrail through the crash of truck. At this time, the crash condition has 100 km/h of velocity and $15^{\circ}$ of impact angle. In the case of ground condition, filling slope condition has relatively high bearing capacity of infinite ground towards the test. Guardrail is generally installed on road of shoulder in fill slope in korea. It is possible for stability problem to deteriorate ground bearing capacity in Guardrail in fill slope. The existed study towards stability of guardrail has been carried out in the infinite ground. However, the study on the behavior of fill slope with guardrail is not performed by vehicle collision. Therefore, In this study, the numerical analysis using LS-DYNA was executed for verification on behavior of fill slope with guardrail through vehicle collision. This numerical analysis was carried out with change of embedded depth on installed guardrail post in shoulder of fill slope by vehicle collision and 8 tonf truck crash providing at NCAN (National Crash Analysis Center). As the result, displacement and stress on fill slope are decreased in accordance with the increase of embedded depth of guardrail post. Ground bearing capacity is deteriorated at depth of 450 mm form shoulder of road on fill slope.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.281-288
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• 2015

The container terminals use convergence technology that exchange information for cargo work, using wireless communication between the TOS(Terminal Operations System) and the handling equipments(CC, TC, YT). But if the container cargoes pile up high in the container yard, delayed cargo work and cargo working list information error happen because of communication dead spots(the worker can not receive the information) which wireless communication is disconnected. At this time the driver of the yard tractor(YT) must be able to recognize the communication state. If then, delayed cargo work and cargo working list information errors that occur in the shaded communication area can be avoided, and can process the delayed work due to wireless communication break. In this project, we have built wireless communication environment to increase the efficiency of the loading and unloading operations which the operator can respond actively, when the work is delayed and work orders result in errors. That is, the flow of the wireless communication module has been changed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.42 no.5 s.335
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

The architecture and the implementation details of a UTMI(USB2.0 Transceiver Macrocell Interface) compatible USB2.0 transceiver chip were presented. To confirm the validation of the incoming data in noisy channel environment, a squelch state detector and a current mode Schmitt-trigger circuit were proposed. A current mode output driver to transmit 480Mbps data on the USB cable was designed and an on-die termination(ODT) which is controlled by a replica bias circuit was presented. In the USB system using plesiochronous clocking, to compensate for the frequency difference between a transmitter and a receiver, a synchronizer using clock data recovery circuit and FIFO was designed. The USB cable was modeled as the lossy transmission line model(W model) for circuit simulation by using a network analyzer measurements. The USB2.0 PHY chip was implemented by using 0.25um CMOS process and test results were presented. The core area excluding the IO pads was $0.91{\times}1.82mm^2$. The power consumptions at the supply voltage of 2.5V were 245mW and 150mW for high-speed and full-speed operations, respectively.