• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.953-977
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• 2016

Modern performance-based design methods require ways to determine the factual behavior of structures subjected to earthquakes. Drift ratio demands are important measures of structural and/or nonstructural damage of the structures in performance-based design. In this study, global drift ratio and interstory drift ratio demands, obtained by nonlinear time history analysis of three generic RC frames using code-compatible ground motion record sets, are statistically evaluated. Several ground motion record sets compatible with elastic design spectra defined for the local soil classes in Turkish Earthquake Code are used for the analyses. Variation of the drift ratio demands obtained from ground motion records in the sets and difference between the mean of drift ratio demands calculated for ground motion sets are evaluated. The results of the study indicate that i) variation of maximum drift ratio demands in the sets were high; ii) different drift ratio demands are calculated using different ground motion record sets although they are compatible with the same design spectra; iii) the effect of variability due to random causes on the total variability of drift ratio demands is much larger than the effect of variability due to differences between the mean of ground motion record sets; iv) global and interstory drift ratio demands obtained for different ground motion record sets can be accepted as simply random samples of the same population at %95 confidence level. The results are valid for all the generic frames and local soil classes considered in this study.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.24-31
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• 2002

In the present study, the amount of slow drift motion damping of shuttle tanker in still water and various environments is measured through free decay model test. Although the estimation of slow drift damping is essential in analysing slow drift motion of moored FPSO or DP controlled shuttle tanker, it is difficult to predict damping accurately by theoretical analysis. The estimation of drift damping depends on model test mostly. Through the model test, the amount of slow drift damping is measured and the effects of environments and thruster action on drift damping are investigated. The measured damping characteristics are expected to be used in the analysis on slow drift motion of moored vessel.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 2000

As the offshore oil fields are moved to the deep ocean, the oil production system of FPSO(Floating Production Storage and Offloading System) Type are constructed frequently these days. So, it is very important to estimate the drift motion and damping effects due to the drift motion simultaneously. The components of slow drift motion damping consist of viscous, wave radiation effect and wave drift damping. It is needed to estimate the wave drift damping more accurately than others. The wave drift damping signifies the time-rate of mean wave drift force on oscillating ship or ocean structure which constant speed. In order to calculate this, the 3-Dimensional panel method is employed with the translating and pulsating Green function in the frequency domain. The calculation is carried out for a Series 60 ($C_B$/=0.7) and the results are compared with other numerical ones.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 1981

In general the drift result in ship heeling, thus it seems to be necessary to analyze the ship motion by considering both the drifting and heeling phenomena. In this paper, a drift velocity and a heeling angle are given as prior conditions, and then within the linear potential theory the hydrodynamic coefficients and wave exciting forces and moments are derived for a ship advancing and drifting with constant speeds. And numerical calculations are preformed for a cylindrical body of shiplike cross section at zerp forward velocity. The 2-D hydrodynamic forces and moments of a heeled cylinder are calculated by using the Frank Close-Fit method. These numerical results for the oscillating cylinder without drift velocity have shown better agreements with experimental data than the numerical results of Kobayashi[2]. The motion responses for a drifting cylinder are calculated ignoring the drift velocity effect in the free surface condition. The accuracy of these calculations can not be verified, because the experimental data are not available. Through these numerical calculations to so concluded that drift velocity effects on the body motion are signiffcant.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.171-187
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• 2011

Rational scaling of design earthquake ground motions for tall buildings is essential for safer, risk-based design of tall buildings. This paper provides the structural designers with an insight for more rational scaling based on drift and input energy demands. Since a resonant sinusoidal motion can be an approximate critical excitation to elastic and inelastic structures under the constraint of acceleration or velocity power, a resonant sinusoidal motion with variable period and duration is used as an input wave of the near-field and far-field ground motions. This enables one to understand clearly the relation of the intensity normalization index of ground motion (maximum acceleration, maximum velocity, acceleration power, velocity power) with the response performance (peak interstory drift, total input energy). It is proved that, when the maximum ground velocity is adopted as the normalization index, the maximum interstory drift exhibits a stable property irrespective of the number of stories. It is further shown that, when the velocity power is adopted as the normalization index, the total input energy exhibits a stable property irrespective of the number of stories. It is finally concluded that the former property on peak drift can hold for the practical design response spectrum-compatible ground motions.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 2021

The prediction of maneuverability is very important in the design process of an underwater vehicle. In this study, we predicted the steady turning ability of a symmetrical underwater vehicle while considering interactions between the yaw rate and drift/rudder angle through a simulation-based methodology. First, the hydrodynamic force and moment, including coupled derivatives, were obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The feasibility of CFD results were verified by comparing static drift/rudder simulations to vertical planar motion mechanism (VPMM) tests. Turning motion simulations were then performed by solving 2-degree-of-freedom (DOF) equations with CFD data. The turning radius, drift angle, advance, and tactical diameter were calculated. The results show good agreement with sea trial data and the effects on the turning characteristics of coupled interaction terms, especially between the yaw rate and drift angle.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

As the offshore oil fields are moved to the deep ocean, the oil production systems of FPSO(Floating production storage and offloading system) are building these days and so it is the most important to estimate the drift motion and damping effects the drift motion importantly. The components of damping consist of viscous, wave radiation effect and wave drift damping. It is need to estimate the wave drift damping exactly among them. The wave drift damping means the change rate of mean wave drift force with respect to the ship and ocean structures speed. In order to calculate this, the 3-Dimensional panel method used to translating and pulsating Green function is adopted. The calculation is carried out for series 60(CB = 0.7) vessel and the results are compared with other theoretical ones.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.327-344
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• 2010

This paper summarizes results of a comprehensive analytical study aimed at evaluating the influence of strong ground motion duration on residual displacement demands of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems. For that purpose, two sets of 20 earthquake ground motions representative of short-duration and long-duration records were considered in this investigation. While the influence of strong ground motion duration was evaluated through constant-strength residual displacement ratios, $C_r$, computed from the nonlinear response of elastoplastic SDOF systems, its effect on the amplitude and height-wise distribution of residual drift demands in MDOF systems was studied from the response of three one-bay two-dimensional generic frame models. In this investigation, an inelastic ground motion intensity measure was employed to scale each record, which allowed reducing the record-to-record variability in the estimation of residual drift demands. From the results obtained in this study, it was found that long strong-motion duration records might trigger larger median $C_r$ ratios for SDOF systems having short-to-medium period of vibration than short strong-motion duration records. However, taking into account the large record-to-record variability of $C_r$, it was found that strong motion duration might not be statistically significant for most of the combinations of period of vibration and levels of lateral strength considered in this study. In addition, strong motion duration does not have a significant influence on the amplitude of peak residual drift demands in MDOF systems, but records having long strong-motion duration tend to increase residual drift demands in the upper stories of long-period generic frames.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.2 s.69
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• pp.22-28
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• 2006

The motion and wave drift forces of floating BBDB (backward-bent duct buoy) wave energy absorbers in regular waves are calculated, taking account of the oscillating surface-pressure due to the pressure drop in the air chamber above the oscillating water column, within the scope of the linear wave theory. A series of model tests has been conducted in order to order to verify the motion and time mean wave drift force reponses in regular waves at the ocean engineering basin, MOERI/KORDI. The pneumatic damping through an orifice-type duct for the BBDB wave energy device are deducted from experimental research. Numerical simulation for motion and drift force responses of the BBDB wave energy device, considering pneumatic damping coefficients, has been carried out, and the results are compared with those of model tests.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.91-110
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• 2019

In the present study, the effects of six different ground motion scaling methods on inelastic response of nonlinear steel moment frames (SMFs) are studied. The frames were designed using energy-based PBPD approach with the design concept using pre-selected target drift and yield mechanism as performance limit state. Two target spectrums are considered: maximum credible earthquake spectrum (MCE) and design response spectrum (DRS). In order to investigate the effects of ground motion scaling methods on the response of the structures, totally 3216 nonlinear models including three frames with 4, 8 and 16 stories are designed using PBPD approach and then they are subjected to ensembles of ground motions including 42 far-fault and 90 near-fault pulse-type records which were scaled using the six different scaling methods in accordance to the two aforementioned target spectrums. The distributions of maximum inter-story drift over the height of the structures are computed and compared. Finally, the efficiency and reliability of each ground motion scaling method to estimate the maximum nonlinear inter-story drift of special steel moment frames designed by energy-based PBPD approach are statistically investigated, and the most suitable scaling methods with the lowest dispersion for two groups of earthquake ground motions are introduced.