• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.7 no.1 s.18
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• pp.24-27
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• 2003

In this paper it was investigated 15 heaters of CDU plant heater, NCC plant heater, CO plant heater, Aromatic plant heater and so on while running in our country. It was also analysed the standard of operation procedure, the action in alarm, the interlock system, the operating situation of the interlock by-pass and major accident about the heater and so on. This paper presents the installation of the on-line monitoring, the additional installation of the local pressure gauge and temperature gauge, the check in starting operation,'the management of the interlock by-pass, the change of manufacturer causing the disorder of instrument sensor, the management method of DCS alarm for methods of the interlock prevention and facilities improvement. It was few information about the heater interlock in the inside and outside of the country We mainly have studied with reflecting the opinion of the operator and manager on site, the sheet of process trouble and operation procedure and so on. we think that the accident relating to the interlock will significantly reduce if the companies apply the conclusion of this study(i.e. methods of the interlock prevention and facilities improvement).

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 2002

In general, the salient features of the floating breakwater have excellent regulation of sea-water keeping the marine always clean, up and down free movement with the incoming and outgoing tides, capable of being installed without considering the geological condition of sea-bed at any water depth. This study discusses the three dimensional wave transformation of the floating breakwater moored by piers, and its dynamic response numerically. Numerical method is based on the boundary integral method and eigenfunction expansion method. It is known that pier mooring system has higher absorption of wave energy than the chain mooring system. Pier mooring system permit only vertical motion (heaving motion) of floating breakwater, other motions restricted. It is assumed in the present study that a resistant force as friction between piers and floating pontoon is not applied far the vertical motion of the floating breakwater. According to the numerical results, draft and width of the floating breakwater affect on the wave transformations greatly, and incident wave of long period is well transmitted to the rear of the floating breakwater, And the vertical motion come to be large for the short wave period.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.21
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• pp.3-37
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• 2003

English law accepts the basic principle of freedom of contract that the parties should be free to agree on any terms that they like unless their agreement is illegal or otherwise contrary to public policy because it infringes some public interest. On the other hand, it has been limited for hundreds of years on the basis that certain contract terms, particularly in standard form, may alter a distribution of risks that the customer would reasonably intended. The alteration may often result from his simple ignorance caused by either lack of opportunity to become aware of clauses or inability to understand their full potential implications. In addition, it may also result from disparity in bargaining power which does not allow the customer to look after their own interests even if he is fully aware of the unacceptable clauses. In response to this problem, English law has employed both judicial and statutory intervention techniques to control unfair contract terms. This study describes and analyzes in detail how English law regulates such terms, particularly, in standard form, in order to provide legal advice to our sellers residing either in UK or in Korea who plan to enter into UK markets. It also attempts to explore any problem in the existing double legislations of UCTA and UTCCR and put forward future direction of English law in light of the Draft Unfair Terms Bill which was currently proposed by the Law Commissioners. The main concern of this paper will be confined to some of the various aspects of both judicial and statutory control of unfair contract terms in English law which may draw our attention in terms of domestic or international business sales.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.51-65
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• 2016

Objectives This study was conducted to suggest a standard operating procedure (SOP) in order to improve the reliability of tongue-image analysis system. Methods An affecting-factors list was made, which may affect the diagnostic parameters of the tongue-image analysis system. They were sub-classified into two groups: controllable and uncontrollable. Only the controllable factors, which could affect the results and easily set-up, were included into the SOP draft. Affecting factors control experiment was performed to investigate the effects of controllable factors, whose influence on diagnostic parameters of the tongue-image analysis system is ambiguous: rehearsal for tongue extrusion; alignment of camera axis; and presentation of a guideline. Three subjects volunteered for this experiment. Each of three variables was implemented twice in a random order by two operators on the subjects. Finally, 96 tongue images obtained in the aggregate. The diagnostic parameter set as a primary outcome in this experiment was the percentage of tongue coating. Results All of the control variables were not significant in both operators; however, the presentation of a guideline was relatively more affect than two other variables. Interaction effects among the variables were also insignificant. Therefore, the presentation of a guideline was included in the final SOP and the other variables were not included. Conclusions We suggested the SOP which could be used for both experimenter and subject. Moreover, Each of the SOPs applied to various types of tongue-image analysis system should be developed in order to improve the reliability.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.183-199
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• 1998

The motivation of this paper comes from a recognition that GIS educators in the private and public sectors are faced with both an opportunity and a dilemma. As the GIS vendors move to open systems which can be integrated with many traditional operations, the use of spatial data and analysis will become widespread throughout business, government and education. Hence the need for standardization in GIS fields is expanding rapidly. Especially non-standardized terminology of GIS prevents GIS-users from communicating among the GIS application fields. This paper will assist this shifting foundation by providing terminology control procedures for ISO/TC2ll family of standards and KS(Korea Standards) information terminology and make recommendations for the improvement and harmonization of terminology.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.109-128
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• 2021

This paper is to explore considerations in authority control to accommodate LRM nomen entities through the literature reviews, the analysis of RDA rules, and the opinion survey of domestic catalog experts. As a result, for authority control, considerations were proposed in the aspect of nomen's attribute elements, catalog description, and MARC authority format. First, it is necessary to describe in as much detail as possible the category, the scheme, intended audience, the context of use, the reference source, the language, the script, the script conversion as the attributes of the nomen with the status of identification, note, and indifferentiated name indicators added in RDA. Second, the description method of attribute elements and relational elements of nomen can be unstructured, structured, identifier, and IRI as suggested in RDA, and vocabulary encoding scheme (VES) and string encoding scheme (SES) should be written for structured description, Also, cataloging rules for structuring authorized access points and preferred names/title should be established. Third, an additional expansion plan based on Maxwell's expansion (draft) was proposed in order to prepare the MARC 21 authority format to reflect the LRM nomen. (1) The attribute must be described in 4XX and 5XX so that the attribute can be entered for each nomen, and the attributes of the nomen to be described in 1XX, 5XX and 4XX are presented separately. (2) In order to describe the nomen category, language, script, script conversion, context of use, and date of usage as a nomen attribute, field and subfield in MARC 21 must be added. Accordingly, it was proposed to expand the subfield of 368, 381, and 377, and to add fields to describe the context of use and date of usage. The considerations in authority control for the LRM nomen proposed in this paper will be the basis for establishing an authority control plan that reflects LRM in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.11
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• pp.69-99
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• 1984

A dramatic development in the new technology of copying materials has presented us with massive problems on reconciling the conflicts between copyright owners and potential users of copyrighted materials. The adaptation to this changing condition led some countries to revise their copyright laws such as in the U. S. in 1976 and in Korea in 1984 for merging with the international or universal copyright conventions in the future. Copyright defined as exclusive rights given to copyright owners aims to secure a fair return for an author's creative labor and to stimulate artistic creativity for the general public good. The exclusive rights on copyrightable matters, generally for reproduction, preparation of derivative works, public distribution, public performance, and public display, are limited by fair use for scholarship and criticism and by library reproduction for its preservation and interlibrary loan. These limitations on the exclusive rights are concerned with all aspects of library services and cause a great burden on librarian's daily duty to provide balance between the rights of creators and the needs of library patrons. The fair use as one of the limitations on it has been coupled with enormous growth of a new technology and extended from xerography to online database systems. The implementation of the fair use and library reprography in Korean law to the local practices is examined on the basis of the new American copyright act of 1976. Under the draft revision of Korean law, librarians will face many potential problems as summarized below. 1. Because the new provision of 'life time plus 50 years' will tie up substantial bodies of material longer than the old law, until that date librarians would need permissions from the owners and should pay attention to the author's death date. 2. Because the copyright can be sold, distributed, given to the heirs, donated, as a whole or a part, librarians should chase down the heirs and other second owners. In case of a derivative work, this is a real problem. 3. Since a work has its protection from the moment of its creation, the coverage of copyrightable matter would be extended to the published or the unpublished works and librarian's work load would be heavier. Without copyright registration, no one can be certain that a work is in the public domain. Therefore, librarians will need to check with an authority. 4. For implementation of limitations on exclusive rights, fair use and library reproduction for interlibrary loan, there can be no substantial aggregate use and there can be no systematic distribution of multicopies. Therefore, librarians should not substitute reproductions for subscriptions or purchases. 5. For the interlibrary loan by photocopying, librarians should understand the procedure of royalty payment. 6. Compulsory licenses should be understood by librarians. 7. Because the draft revision of Korean law is a reciprocal treaty, librarians should take care of other countries' copyright law to protect foreign authors from Korean law. In order to solve the above problems, some suggestions are presented below. 1. That copyright clearinghouse or central agency as a centralized royalty payment mechanism be established. 2. That the Korean Library Association establish a committee on copyright. 3. That the Korean Library Association propose guidelines for each occasion, e.g. for interlibrary loan, books and periodicals and music, etc. 4. That the Korean government establish a copyright office or an official organization for copyright control other than the copyright committee already organized by the government. 5. That the Korean Library Association establish educational programs on copyright for librarians through seminars or articles written in its magazines. 6. That individual libraries provide librarian's copyright kits. 7. That school libraries distribute subject bibliographies on copyright law to teachers. However, librarians should keep in mind that limitations on exclusive rights are not for an exemption from library reprography but as a convenient access to library resources.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 2015

Vaccination is the most powerful and useful preparation against infectious diseases. However, developing vaccines costs a lot and requires extensive long-term efforts. Therefore, the government should research and develop vaccines with a national-level policy. To greatly enhance the success rate of vaccine development, the policy should be set up considering priorities such as the current status of domestic research, the importance for public health, the urgency of research. The Delphi technique was utilized to draft this survey, through a brainstorming stage, then two inquiries, and finally the final panel meeting where unresolved items were discussed, to draw the conclusion. Among the results, firstly, the highest ranked item on centralized fields for vaccine development by the Ministry of Health was 'self-sufficiency of vaccines.' Secondly, 'emerging infectious disease' was most highly ranked in prioritized fields of vaccine development and research. Thirdly, for the vaccine that needs to be improved and developed further by the government to improve its efficacy and safety, BCG (Bacille de Calmette) for tuberculosis was ranked the highest on both types (intradermal and subcutaneous injection) from National Immunization Programme (NIP) and non-NIP. As for the high risk pathogens, 'anthrax' and 'smallpox' were first and second, consecutively. Lastly, 'development and control of vaccine candidates' was ranked the highest for the area in need for technique development in order to improve domestic vaccine's research level. The results of this study will be put to good use as basic data for the national vaccine research and development (R&D) policy of the country. This study was first step and more studies should be carried out for the final decision of the national vaccine R&D priority.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.87-104
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• 2001

This study was conducted as a part of the project developing the standards of national board test for the dietitian's licence. The purpose of this study was to define the job description of dietitians, and to describe the task elements based on the detailed analysis of the dietitians' work. This study team established the research team which was composed of food and nutrition experts, 7 of registered dietitians and 3 of university professors. Draft job description form was made to fully explain the dietitians' task elements, process and sequence by the research team. Final job description form was confirmed after the validity of 576 task elements was reevaluated upon 4 point scale test based on the frequency, importance, and difficulty by 21 field registered dietitian by the study team. It was also confirmed by the university. This form was formated by following DACUM method which analyzed the job description containing duty, task and task elements. It was organized to include every dietitians' work and to describe the every detailed process of work. Duty was defined as the specific and independent work as a dietitian, and was composed of 17 parts, i.e 10 parts in food supply management area and 6 parts in nutritional care service area and self promotion area. Duties were also divided into 99 tasks containing the 576 detailed task elements to describe definite action, steps and decisions. Seventeen parts are following; menu planning, storage and inventory control, food production, meal service, waste management, sanitation, equipment and facility management, human resource management, financial management, nutrition assessment of life cycle, nutritional assessment of several disease, nutritional assessment in specific condition, medical nutrition therapy, nutritional education, public health nutrition and self promotion. If these protocols are properly performed and presented, they can provide the likelihood that dietetics professionals work as a primary contributors in promoting health care and preventing disease nationally.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.428-434
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• 2011

To establish a vessel safety management system for improving the safety of vessel's traffic and preventing vessel's traffic accidents, the state of marine traffic in the Busan South Port was investigated and analyzed as preliminary survey of the countermeasures. As a result of the study, there are 1,158 vessels in a day, 48 vessels in an hour, and the maximum traffic is about 118 vessels between 16:00 and 17:00 hours everyday, which requires to establish and operate a traffic control system necessarily for ensuring vessel's traffic safety. Furthermore, passages of tanker, passenger ship, cargo vessel and government vessel showed to sail along main traffic lane to be obtained enough sea depth at the survey area. However, passages of fishing vessel and launch showed to sail freely at all survey area owing to outstanding maneuverability and a shallow draft. Some vessels of launch sailed along main traffic lane, but other vessels crossed to sail it. The passages to cross main traffic lane is higher the risk of collision. Therefore, safety measures are urgently needed for the operation of the Busan South Port management system and the prevention of marine pollution.