• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose for improving QoS in Hospital wireless network using Cellular-IP/PRC(Paging Route Cache) with Paging Cache and Route Cache in Cellular-IP and propose for performance of realtime and non-real time handoff service using Handoff state machine Paging Route Cache. Although the Cellular-IP/PRC technology is devised for mobile internet communication, it has its vulnerability in frequent handoff environment. This handoff state machine using differentiated handoff improves quality of services in Cellular-IP/PRC Suggested algorithm shows better performance than existing technology in wireless mobile internet communication environment. When speech quality is secured considering increment of interference to receive in case of suppose that proposed acceptance method grooves base radio station capacity of transfer node is plenty, and moat of contiguity cell transfer node was accepted at groove base radio station with a blow, groove base radio station new trench lake acceptance method based on transmission of a message electric power estimate of transfer node be. Do it so that may apply composing PC(Paging Cache) and RC(Routing Cache) that was used to manage paging and router in radio Internet network in integral management and all nodes as one PRC(Paging Router Cache), and add hand off state machine in transfer node so that can manage hand off of transfer node and Roaming state efficiently, and studies so that achieve connection function at node. Analyze benevolent person who influence on telephone traffic in system environment and forecasts each link currency rank and imbalance degree, forecast most close and important lake interception probability and lake falling off probability, GoS(Grade of Service), efficiency of cell capacity in QoS because applies algorithm proposing based on algorithm use gun send-receive electric power that judge by looking downward link whether currency book was limited and accepts or intercept lake and handles and displays QoS performance improvement.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.159-166
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• 2024

This study studied the life experiences of story grandmother activities on the meaning of a happy life and positive growth for the elderly through phenomenology. This study period was conducted with pre-interviews from March 2021, and research was conducted until July 2022. As for the research method, 9 elderly women were selected as a Colaizzi phenomenological research method suitable for the work of exploring and understanding life as it is, and the following conclusions were drawn. First, the happiness experience of the elderly provides a life that responds to positive changes, gives positive meaning, and actively discovers in a desire-ful life, a comparative life, and a adaptation and coping happy life. Second, the elderly experienced the meaning of life by experiencing the happiness of moments in the self-realized life of the upward · downward theory. Third, the growth of the elderly is a happy change in PERMAS of positive psychology, pursuing life with positive emotions, immersion, and positively related meaning and purpose of life, and growing while looking at life with achievement and strength. Since this study targets elderly women aged 65 or older who are engaged in story grandmother activities, there is a limit to generalizing the research results, so it is suggested to study the growth process of more diverse age groups and various types of volunteer activities in the future.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.37-87
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• 1997

As a results of researches on the cultivation processes and settlement developments on the Mangyoung river valley as a whole could be have four 'Space-Time Continuity' through a [Origin-Destination] theory model. On a initial phases of cultivation, the cultivation process has been begun at mountain slopes and tributory plains in upper part of river-basin from Koryo Dynasty to early Chosun Dynasty. At first, indigenous peasants burned forests on the mountain slopes for making 'dryfield' for a cereal crops. Following population increase more stable food supply is necessary facets of life inducing a change production method into a 'wetfield' in tributory plains matching the population increase. First sedentary agriculture maybe initiated at this mountain slopes and tributory plains on upper part of river basin through a burning cultivation methods. Mountain slopes and tributory plains are become a Origin area in cultivation processes. It expanded from up to down through the valleys with 'a bits of land' fashion in a steady pace like a terraced fields expanded with bit by bit of land to downward. They expanded their land to the middle part of river basin in mid period of Chosun Dynasty with dike construction techniques on the river bank. Lower part of river cultivated with embankment building techniques in 1920s and then naturally expanded to the tidal marshes on the estuaries and river inlets of coastal areas. 'Pioneer fringes' are consolidated at there in modern times. Changes in landscapes are appeared it's own characters with each periods of time. Followings are results of study through the Mangyoung river valley as a whole. (1) Mountain slopes and tributory plains on the upper part of river are cultivated 'dryfields' by indigenous peasants with Burning cultivation methods at first and developed sedentary settlements at the edges of mountain slopes and on the river terrace near the fields. They formed a kind of 'periphery-located cluster type' of settlement. This type of settlement are become a prominant type in upper part of river basin. 'Dryfields' has been changed into a 'wetfields' at the narrow tributory plains by increasing population pressure in later time. These wetfields are supplied water by Weir and Ponds Irrigation System(제언수리방법). Streams on the tributory plains has been attracted wetfields besides of it and formed a [water+land] complex on it. 'Wetfields' are expanded from up to downward with a terraced land pattern(adder like pattern, 붕전) according to the gradient of valley. These periphery located settlements are formed a intimate ecological linkage with several sets of surroundings. Inner villages are expanded to Outer villages according to the expansion of arable lands into downward. (2) Mountain slopes and tributory plains expanded its territory to the alluvial deposited plains on the middle part of river valley with a urgent need of new land by population increase. This part of alluvial plains are cultivated mainly in mid period of Chosun Dynasty. Irrigation methods are changed into a Dike Construction Irrigation method(천방수리방법) for the control of floods. It has a trend to change the subjectives of cultivation from community-oriented one who constructed Bochang along tributories making rice paddies to local government authorities who could be gather large sums of capitals, techniques and labours for the big dike construction affairs. Settlements are advanced in the midst of plains avoiding friction of distances and formed a 'Centrallocated cluster type' of settlements. There occured a hierarchical structures of settlements in ranks and sizes according merits of water supply and transportation convenience at the broad plains. Big towns are developed at there. It strengthened a more prominant [water+land] complex along the canals. Ecological linkages between settlements and surroundings are shaded out into a tiny one in this area. (3) It is very necessary to get a modern technology of flood control at the rivers that have a large volume of water and broad width. The alluvial plains are remained in a wilderness phase until a technical level reached a large artificial levee construction ability that could protect the arable land from flood. Until that time on most of alluvial land at the lower part of river are remained a wilderness of overgrown with reeds in lacks of techniques to build a large-scale artificial levee along the riverbank. Cultivation processes are progressed in a large scale one by Japanese agricultural companies with [River Rennovation Project] of central government in 1920s. Large scale artificial levees are constructed along the riverbank. Subjectives of cultivation are changed from Korean peasants to Japanese agricultural companies and Korean peasants fell down as a tenant in a colonial situation of that time in Korea. They could not have any voices in planning of spatial structure and decreased their role in planning. Newly cultivated lands are reflected company's intensions, objectives and perspectives for achieving their goals for the sake of colonial power. Newly cultivated lands are planned into a regular Rectangular Block settings of rice paddies and implanted a large scale Bureaucratic-oriented Irrigation System on the cultivated plains. Every settlements are located in the midst of rice paddies with a Central located Cluster type of settlements. [water+land] complex along the canal system are more strengthened. Cultivated space has a characters of [I-IT] landscapes. (4) Artificial levees are connected into a coastal emnankment for a reclamation of broad tidal marshes on the estuaries and inlets of rivers in the colonial times. Subjectives of reclamation are enlarged into a big agricultural companies that could be acted a role as a big cultivator. After that time on most of reclamation project of tidal marshes are controlled by these agricultural companies formed by mostly Japanese capitalists. Reclaimed lands on the estuaries and river inlets are under hands of agricultural companies and all the spatial structures are formed by their intensions, objectives and perspectives. They constructed a Unit Farming Area for the sake of companies. Spatial structures are planned in a regular one with broad arable land for the rice production of rectangular blocks, regular canal systems and tank reservoir for the irrigation water supply into reclaimed lands. There developed a 'Central-located linear type' of settlements in midst of reclaimed land. These settlements are settled in a detail program upon this newly reclaimed land at once with a master plan and they have planned patterns in their distribution, building materials, location, and form. Ecological linkage between Newly settled settlemrnts and its surroundings are lost its colours and became a more artificial one by human-centred environment. [I-IT] landscapes are become more prominant. This region is a destination area of [Origin-Destination] theory model and formed a 'Pioneer Fringe'. It is a kind of pioneer front that could advance or retreat discontinously by physical conditions and socio-cultural conditions of that region.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2008

A Wibro RF down converter of 2.3GHz band is designed and implemented in this paper. The problems that can occur in the receiver LNA(Low Noise Amplifier) to minimize additional purposes. In addition, 2.3GHz band from the 75 MHz downward to minimize the losses in the process, transform and improve efficiency, and achieve stable characteristics can be used to make high frequency characteristics of the device. Wibro repeater uses a TDMA(Time Division Multiplexing Access) method is needed because the RF switch. Production criterion specification, the input voltage from +8 V 1.2A of current consumption, 60dB gain and the noise figure of less than 2.5dB, VSWR(Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) less than 1.5, more than IMD(Inter Modulation Distortion) 60dB satisfied. Environmental conditions ($-20^{\circ}C$ to $70^{\circ}C$) to pass the test of reliability in a long time, that seemed crafted Wibro down converter be applied to the Wibro repeater.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.2291-2297
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• 2015

This paper presents a vehicle detection system using the video as a input image what has moving of vehicles.. Input image has constraints. it has to get fixed view and downward view obliquely from top of the road. Road detection is required to use only the road area in the input image. In introduction, we suggest the experiment result and the critical point of motion history image extraction method, SIFT(Scale_Invariant Feature Transform) algorithm and histogram analysis to detect vehicles. To solve these problem, we propose using applied Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM) that is the Vehicle Detection GMM(VDGMM). In addition, we optimize VDGMM to detect vehicles more and named VDGMM 2.0. In result of experiment, each precision, recall and F1 rate is 9%, 53%, 15% for GMM without road detection and 85%, 77%, 80% for VDGMM2.0 with road detection.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 1969

A review has been made of mortality trends in Korea from 1958 to 1967 analyzing the data by sex, age and cause of death. The crude death rates and age specific death rates were estimated by the model of N. Keyfitz life table which had been developed by the data of the 1960's national census. The cause specific death rates shown in this article are based on the following: all deaths occurring in the death-registration are expressed as a numberator, while the denominator was estimated from the regular national census data by interpolation method. It is estimated that only an average of about 40% of deaths which occurred during a year were registered during 1958 to 1967. The validity and the reliability of the diagnosis of causes of death seem to be extremely poor in this country. Therefore the cause specific death rates in this article are aimed to reveal trends of causes of registered death ana not for the actual level of death rates. For 10 years very interesing mortality trends were observed : 1. The trend in the crude death rates was downward slowly. 2. The estimated death rate for the infant in 1960 was still high up to 100 per 1,000. 3. The rates for mortality attributed to such infectious diseases as pneumonia, bronchitis, gastroenteritis and measles decreased an average 40-60%. 4. The death rates for over-all tuberculosis decreased only 9.8%. 90% of the decrease was contributed by those in the less-than-15 year age group. 5. The death rates for chronic diseases, such as vascular diseases affecting the central nervous system, malignant neoplasm, major heart diseases and all accidents rose about 40-60%. 6. The rank order of the 10 leading causes of death showed large changes over the years, except for pneumonia and tuberculosis which occupyed 1st and 2nd places respectively. Vascular diseases affecting the central nervous system moved from 5th to 3rd place and malignant neoplasm from 6th to 4th place, The major heart diseases moved from 10th to 6th place and all accidents from 10th to 7th place. On tile other hand, gastroenteritis moved from 3rd to 5th place and influenja from 4th to 8th place.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 2007

Kimchi is one of the representative traditional foods in Korea, which is recognized as a kind of wellbeing foodstuffs. However, as increasing foreign-made Kimchi, its safety as food is at the forefront of public health concerns. We analyzed the washing methods of Chinese cabbages, which are the main materials in Kimchi, to prevent parasite contamination during preparing it. To decontaminate parasite eggs from Chinese cabbages, discard the discolored outer leaves from cabbages, spread the space of leaves with fingers and rinse more than 3 separate water tanks with streaming water (velocity more than 0.8m/sec). At each tank, Chinese cabbages were rinsed with more than 3 strokes upward and downward within the streaming water followed by moving back and forth more than 3 times, with 20cm in height and 30cm in width, respectively. Decontamination efficiency increased higher in parallel with streaming velocity of water, and with adding the vegetable detergent to the tank water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.301-311
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• 1999

The investigation to evaluate the possible effects of fish behaviour on acoustic target strength was carried out during the 1997 and 1998 hydroacoustic-demersal trawl surveys in the southern waters of Korea.The swimming speed and the target strength of individual, acoustically resolved fished swimming through the sound beam were measured using the split-beam tracking method on board R/V Kaya.The results obtained can be summarized as follows:1. The alongship and athwartship angles between -3dB poionts of a hull mounted 38 kHz split beam tranducer used in these surveys was >$3.76^{\circ}\;and\;6.74^{\circ}$ respectively, and the equal energy contour obtained from the measured beam pattern showed approximately the circular pattern. 2. The swimming speed measured off the south coast of Sorido in 23 January 1997 ranged 0.10 to 0.80 m/s with the average swimming spped of 0.36 m/s, and the target strength ranged -64.8 to -31.7 dB with the average target strength of -52.7 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Japanese scaled sardine, Sardinella zunasi and Konoshiro gizzard shad, Konosirus punctatus, respectively.3. The swimming speed measured off the east coast of Kojedo in 24 March 1997 ranged 0.10 to 1.10 m/s with the average swimming speed of 0.40 m/s, and the target strength ranged -64.8 to -51.5 dB with the average target strength of -59.2 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Swordtip squid, Photololigo edulis, Konoshiro gizzard shad and Japanese flying squid, Toddarodes pacificus, respectively and the swimming activity of these species seems to be controlled at speeds between 0.20 and 0.60 m/s. 4. The swimming speed measured the south coast of Kojedo in 25 March 1997 ranged 0.10 to 1.40 m/s with the average swimming speed of 0.51 m/s and the target strength ranged -64.3 to -47.7 dB with the average target strength of -55.1 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Swordtip squid, Blotchy sillage, Sillago maculata and japanese scaled sardine, respectively and the swimming activity of these species seems to be controlled at speeds between 0.20 and 0.70 m/s.5. The swimming speed measured during morning twilight in the southeastern water of Cheju Island in 11 July 1998 ranged 0.20 to 1.0 m/s with the average swimming speed of 0.53 m/s, and the target strength ranged -65.0 to -47.0 dB with the average target strength of -57.1 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Swordtip squid, Black scraper, Thamnaconus modesutus and japanese flying squid, respectively and the tile angle ranged$ +28^{\circ}\;to\;+2^{\circ}$ with the average tilt angle of -8.1$^{\circ}$ showing the downward migration.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.640-655
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• 2003

Statement of problem : The beauty has a little different meaning according to a time, culture, and nation. Purpose : This study was undertaken to determine the Korean perception of the altered upper anterior dental esthetics including the lack of symmetry, the midline deviation, the gingival exposure, the inclination of incisal plane, the type of incisal plane, and the type of gingival line. Material and Method : 670 subjects were participated in this survey. A questionnaire accompanied by 12 sets of computer-manipulated images using 3D MAX 4.2 software was used to record the ranking of the geometric preference related to the anterior esthetic discrepancies in three or four degrees of alteration. The statistical significance of the differences between the groups was determined by a one-way ANOVA and a t-test. Results : The results obtained were as follows: 1) The Korean perception of the anterior dental esthetics according to the subjects' occupation, sex, and age was most affected by occupation. 2) The masked image emphasizing the dentition and lips appeared stranger than the non-masked image at the same alteration. 3) The lack of symmetry, which was expressed as a unilateral discoloration of the tooth, showed incongruity in any teeth of the anterior dentition. The incongruity was more severe as the degree occurred closer to the midline. 4) The deviation of midline was showed more severe strangeness as the degree of deviation increased. However, more than half of the subjects did not perceive a deviation of 5mm. 5) During smiling, the exposure of the upper gingiva showed more severe incongruity as the degree of gingival exposure increased. 77% of the subjects perceived strangeness at the gingival exposure of 4.5mm. 6) The inclination of the incisal plane appeared stranger as the degree of inclination increased. 62% of subjects perceived strangeness at the $7.5^{\circ}$ inclination of the incisal plane. 7) The type of incisal plane showed increasing strangeness in the order of convex/downward, straight/horizontal, and concave/upward. 80% of subjects perceived strangeness at concave/upward. 8) The type of gingival line was showed increasing incongruity in the order of the same, a little above, and a little under the zenith of the lateral incisor to the line joining the zenith of the central incisor and the canine. However, less than half the subjects did not perceive strangeness at any alteration of the gingival line. Conclusion : The Korean perception of the upper anterior dental esthetics was different to the westerner's perception in the some respects.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2014

Objectives Eyes, one of visual inspection regions, present important clues to pathological patterns including deficiency and excess patterns to the clinicians. The purpose of this study was to develop Eyes Inspection Questionnaire (EIQ) and to examine which items among the EIQ were more predictive of clinicians' determination for the deficiency and excess patterns. Methods Nine questionnaire items for Visual Inspection of Eyes were extracted through the literature review. These items were presented to the 4 Korean medical doctors who are specialized in visual inspection to conduct the Delphi method. The Korean medical doctors were asked to rate the importance of each items for the corresponding Visual Inspection of Eyes, using a Likert 5-point scale(the 3 points of importance as a cut-off point). Then, out of 75 photographs submitted to the Society of HyungSang Medicine in 2009, 30 portrait pictures were selected as samples. The samples were copied to make 60 sample pictures, and then randomly assigned to 4 clinicians. The 4 clinicians evaluated the 60 samples for excess and deficiency of the eyes and were asked to check the 6 questionnaire items. The results were recorded as 5-points-scale, and their average and standard deviations were calculated. Intra- class reliability test and multi regression test were performed using SPSS 13. Results Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was between 0.750 to 0.841 (P<0.05). Indices for visual inspection of the eyes were: endowment of the bone structure around the eyes; brightness of the eyes; upward deviation of the eyes; eye shapes; and definition of iris. 76.92% of deficiency symptom patterns and 86.42% of the excess symptom patterns matched the patterns predicted by the visual inspection of the eyes, according to the frequency analysis. According to the multiple regression analysis, were significantly related to the excessive symptoms, and to the deficiency symptoms. Conclusion This study is the first attempt of development for checklist of excess and deficiency of Visual Inspection of Eyes and quantitative measurement of excess and deficiency using the Visual Inspection of Eyes by the visual inspection experts. Still, additional studies are needed regarding the relationship visual inspection methods have with existing standards of diagnosis.