• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.490-492
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• 2007

Purpose: Nipple reconstruction is an important step in breast reconstruction after mastectomy. There are considerable number of reconstructive methods developed over the past years. Each of these has not only its own special advantages, but also limitations. Therefore, no single method has become the overwhelming favorite. Sometimes it seems to be compromised when the nipple must be located directly over a linear scar. Methods: A 48-year-old female patient received a central lumpectomy with circumareolar resection of the nipple areolar complex 4 months ago. The newly designed nipple must be positioned directly astride a scar. We drew two equal-sized rectangular flaps sharing a common limb on a transverse scar and the result was two opposing plow form. Each flap size was about 1.3 cm wide and 2.5 cm long. First we elevated the flap from the distal part at a deep dermal plane, then deepened the level of dissection to raise the dermal-fat flaps. The donor site could be closed directly without any dog-ear deformity. Then we folded down the elevated flaps and loosely sutured skin with nonabsorbable materials. Each flap inner side was approximated side by side. Finally we made new natural nipple with 6 mm projection. We applied tattooing in the areola area with micropigmentation device after three months. Results: After ten months of follow-up periods, the nipple projection was stable and symmetric. The nipple projection was 3.1 mm, compared with 2.8 mm for the opposite nipple. Conclusion: Our experiences shows that this double opposing plow flap is a particularly useful and simple technique when there is a traverse scar crossing the center of the proposed nipple area.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2022

레틴알(RA)은 레티놀과 레티노익애씨드의 중간체로 비타민A 유도체이며 주름개선 효과가 우수하다. 본 연구에서는 drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome (DCL)을 이용하여 레틴알의 안정성을 높였다. 레틴알과 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) 복합체를 동결건조 방식으로 제조하였고, UV-Vis 분광법, FT-IR 및 SEM 이미지로 레틴알의 포접 여부를 확인하였다. 레틴알과 HP-β-CD의 비율이 1 : 15 (w/w)일 때 약 95.6% 포집되었다. 레틴알-HP-β-CD 복합체는 호모믹서 및 마이크로플루다이저로 리포좀에 담지시켰으며, 평균 입자 크기는 215.3 ± 4.2 nm, 제타포텐셜 -33.2 ± 1.5 mv로 나타났다. 레틴알의 분해 안정도 평가에서, 물에서 레틴알-HP-β-CD-리포좀의 레틴알 감소율은 1.8%로 레틴알-리포좀(5.8%), 레틴알-HP-β-CD복합체(9.7%), 레틴알 단독(37.6%)보다 높게 나타났다. 레틴알-HP-β-CD-리포좀이 함유된 크림(0.05% RA 함유)을 제조하여, 미간, 이마, 목, 눈가, 입가, 팔자 주름개선 효능 및 피부 치밀도를 2 ~ 4 주간 평가하였다. 그 결과 레틴알크림은 피부 자극 없이 유의한 주름 개선 효과를 보였다. 결론적으로, DCL시스템을 이용한 이중 안정화 기술은 레틴알의 안정화를 높여 피부 주름 개선 효과에 기여함을 확인하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.169-181
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• 2011

The behavior of connections between open sandwich slabs and double steel skin composite walls in steel plate-concrete(SC) structure is investigated by a series of experimental programs to identify the roles of components in the transfer of forces. Such connections are supposed to transfer shear by the action of friction on the interface between the steel surface and the concrete surface, as well as the shear resistance of the bottom steel plate attached to the wall. Experimental observation showed that shear transfer in slabs subjected to shear in short spans is explained by direct force transfer via diagonal struts and indirect force transfer via truss actions. Shear resistance at the interface is enhanced by the shear capacity of the shear plate as well as friction caused by the compressive force along the wall plate. Shear friction resistance along the wall plate was deduced from experimental observation. Finally, the appropriate design strength of the connection is proposed for a practical design purpose.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2001

The dependence of the magnetoimpedance effect (MI) on magnetic properties has been investigated in mumetal thin films prepared by rf magnetron sputtering. Coercivity of thin films prepared at 400 W was about 0.4 Oe, and the magnetic anisotropy field of films deposited under a uniaxial magnetic field decreased with increasing film thickness. The saturation magnetization of mumetal films increased with rising input power and thickness and was smaller than that of permalloy films. Transverse incremental Permeability (TPR) of films of 1$\mu m$ thick increased with increasing effective permeability. The magneto impedance ratio (MIR) was proportional to TPR in films 1$\mu m$ thick but in spite of lower effective permeability at higher thicknesses, MIR increased due to skin effect. The height of the double peaks in the MIR curves decreased with decreasing anisotropy and thickness. The maximum MIR value for a 4$\mu m$ thick 75% at 36.5 MHz.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.49-65
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• 2006

In this paper, innovation policies for systems reform in China since the middle 80's are surveyed and its impacts on science industry linkage activities are investigated by looking into (1) technology market, (2) S&T outsourcing activities of firms and (3) co-invention patents by applicants in firms, universities and public research institutions. All of these findings suggest that the role of science sector in China's economic development process has become larger, and double skin problem (separation of science and industry sector) in China's innovation system has been gradually solved by a number of policy actions to facilitate science industry linkages.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.416-420
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• 2019

Reconstruction method choice in recurrent head and neck cancer depends on surgical history, radiation therapy dosage, conditions of recipient vessels, and general patient condition. Furthermore, when defects are multiple or three dimensional in nature, reconstruction and flap choice aimed at rebuilding the functional structure of the head and neck are difficult. We experienced successful reconstruction of recurrent laryngeal cancer requiring reconstruction of esophageal and tracheostomy stroma defects using a chimeric two-skin anterolateral thigh flap with a single pedicle.

• 교육시설
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to renovate a closed school to a artist studio complex applying sustainable principles and methods. Through the case study, the principle and methods of sustainable renovation is investigated and following strategies are extracted as a frame of renovation. First, atrium space with thermal mass using existing wall is proposed as a public gathering space. Second, light shelves for effective lighting and shading device for protecting and allowing sun light is proposed to renovate existing classroom. Third, double skin system is proposed with reflection pool to activate heating and ventilation for passive solar as well as passive cooling. Finally, simulation programs such as energy-10 and Form-Z is used to confirm the validity of the sustainable design.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.495-508
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• 2020

Double skin composite walls are alternatives to concrete walls to resist gravity load in structures. The composite action between steel faceplates and concrete core largely depends on the internal mechanical connectors. This paper investigates the structural behavior of novel composite wall system with T section and under combined compressive force and bending moment. The truss connectors are used to bond the steel faceplates to concrete core. Four short specimens were designed and tested under eccentric compression. The influences of the thickness of steel faceplates, the truss spacing, and the thickness of web wall were discussed based on the test results. The N-M interaction curves by AISC 360, Eurocode 4, and CECS 159 were compared with the test data. It was found that AISC 360 provided the most reasonable predictions.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.232-237
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• 1999

The standardization urban transit project has been started by government and the Korean standard electrical railcar has been designed. The bodyshell of standard railcar is made of aluminium alloy. In the present paper, the design of its bodyshell is evaluated in the viewpoint of strength analysis. The loading condition is based on the 'Test Methods of Static Load for Body Structure of Electrical Multiple Unit', standard specification. The bodyshell of Korean standard EMU consist of longitudinal extrusion members which are double-skin structure type. For the purpose of security and lightening we decided the section of the aluminium carbody through the size optimization in this paper Hereafter this paper will contribute to the shape optimization.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.84-94
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• 1995

본 연구는 향장향이 갖고 있는 단점과 우려(피부알러지, 자극, 향의 지속성 결여)를 개선, 보완하고자 향료를 B-Capsulation 혼합물을 스프레이 드라이법을 사용하여 분말향료를 얻었으며, GC, IR, UV 관능법으로 분석하였다.