• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.244-250
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• 1974

The mechanisms of the electrode reaction of chlorate ion were investigated, using Pt-electrode, by means of the technique of galvanostatic double pulses. For double current pulses (a cathodic pulse followed by an anodic pulse), the mechanism of the electrode reaction of chlorate ion over a current density range from 20 ma/cm2 to 25 ma/cm2 was suggested as the following: $CIO_3^-\;{\longrightarrow^{I}_{n_{1c}}\;CIO_2^-\;{\longrightarrow^{II}_{n_{2a}}\;CIO^-\;{\longrightarrow^{I'}_{n_{1a}}\;CIO_2^-\;{\longrightarrow^{II'}_{n_{2a}}\;CIO_4^-$ For a higher current density from 40 ma/cm2, it was suggested as the following: $CIO_3^-\;{\longrightarrow^{III}_{n_c}}\;CIO^-\;{\longrightarrow^{I'}_{n_{1a}}\;CIO_2^-\;{\longrightarrow^{II'}_{n_{2a}}\;CIO_4^-$ or $CIO_3^-\;{\longrightarrow_{n_c}}\;CIO^-\;{\longrightarrow_{n_a}}\;CIO_4^-$

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 1995

Congenital diverticula of the cardiac ventricle have been reported as arising either from the left ventricle or, rarely from both ventricles. A diverticulum arising from the right ventricle alone is very rare. Furthermore the diverticulum associated with double chambered right ventricle was extremely rare. We experienced a 62 years old female of double chambered right ventricle combined with congenital right ventricular true diverticulum. She had complained intermittent chest pain and mild dyspnea on exertion during 8 months. The chest X-ray and chest CT showed protruded abnormal density at anterolateral side of right ventricular outflow tract. Preoperative angiography demonstrated a double chambered right ventricle and a right ventricular diverticulum. In operative finding, there was found a anomalous muscle band, dividing the right ventricle into an inflow and outflow portion, and a 5x6cm sized right ventricular diverticulum arised from conus region with a stenotic orifice of 1.5cm in diameter. The diverticulum was open toward the infundibulum, and its orifice was approximately 1cm in diameter. On treatment, the diverticulum orifice was closed directly and the abnormal muscle band was resected in order to widen the right ventricular outflow tract. The postoperative result was satisfactory and good without specific complications.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.114-118
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• 2011

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells(DSSCs) consist of a titanium dioxide($TiO_2$) nano film of the photo electrode, dye molecules on the surface of the $TiO_2$ film, an electrolyte layer and a counter electrode. But two transparent conductive oxide(TCO) substrates are estimated to be about 60[%] of the total cost of the DSSCs. Currently novel TCO-less structures have been investigated in order to reduce the cost. In this study, we suggested a TCO-less DSSCs which has titanium double layer electrodes. Titanium double layer electrodes are formed by electron-beam evaporation method. Analytical instruments such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope were used to evaluate the TCO-less DSSCs. As a result, the proposed structure decreases energy conversion efficiency and short-circuit current density compared with the conventional DSSCs structure with FTO glass, while internal series impedance of TCO-less DSSCs using titanium double layer electrodes decreases by 27[%]. Consequently, the fill factor is improved by 28[%] more than that of the conventional structure.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.245-256
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• 2024

Following the introduction of civilian navigation, the commercial Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers' market has been expanding in various fields such as autonomous driving and smart cities. With improved receiver performance and widespread use of GNSS, the configurations of base and rover receivers are becoming more complex. As a result, user must consider combinations of base stations with different qualities, costs, and performances. To address these issues, we conducted zero-baseline tests to analyze the double-differenced code-pseudorange noise of various receiver combinations, ranging from low- to high-cost. The results showed that the noise varied depending on the receiver combination. Notably, receivers from the same manufacturer exhibited similar noise and positioning errors despite significant price differences. We also found that the double-differenced noise of all receiver combinations was correlated with the Carrier-to-Noise Density Ratio (C/N0), the satellite elevation angle, and the Doppler shift, and it did not perfectly follow a normal distribution. Further analysis based on Modified Allan Deviation (MDEV) showed that different types of noise were observed for each receiver combination and the double-differenced noise and positioning errors have similar statistical characteristics. From this study, the importance of receiver combinations and their various characteristics can be better understood.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1993.11a
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• pp.128-130
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• 1993

This paper presents the discharge characteristics of FTS system under verious discharge condition. E1ectron temperature and electron density are studied by double probe method. The Characteristics of discharge occurrence vol-tage and discharge current are significantly affected by magnetic flux density. And the best TiN thin film is obtained at 700[Vl, 400[gauss] and 1.0[mtorr].

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1599-1604
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• 2001

Axisymmetric compressible flow field induced by shock diffraction from a finite cone is investigated with experimental and computational methods. Double-exposure holographic interferograms show ima ges of the density field integrated along the light path. Using the sight-integrated density based on the Able transformation, the axisymmetric computational results are compared qualitatively with the experiment. In the present paper, we observed some distinguishing flow physics: the fault structure of vortex ring, the shock-vortex interaction, and the morphological transformation of shock waves.

• 전기의세계
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.288-295
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• 1982

In this study, the characteristic equation of a double sided short stator linear induction motor, referred to as LIM excited by equivalent current sheet having linear current density was derived using Maxwell's electromagnetic field theory with its entry and exit, end effects taken into consideration. According to the treatment of several physical phenomena in the air-gap i.e. the magnetic flux density distributions, thrust-force, forward and backward travelling wave with decay, normal field, the fundamental data in this study are made reference to improve the characteristics of LIM, effectual electro-magnetic energy conversion devices.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.50
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• pp.6.1-6.6
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• 2020

The cerebellum is a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. It is classified phylogenetically into archicerebellum, paleocerebellum and neocerebellum. The Purkinje cells are lined in a row called Purkinje cell layer and it has a unique dendritic branches with many spines. The previous study reported that there is a difference of synapse density according to the lobules based on large two-dimensional data. However, recent study with high voltage electron microscopy showed there was no differences in dendritic spine density of the Purkinje cell according to its phylogenetic lobule. We analyzed Purkinje cell density in the II, VI and X lobules by stereological modules and synaptic density was estimated by double disector based on Purkinje cell density in the molecular layer of each lobule. The results showed that there was significant difference in the Purkinje cell density and synapse number according to their phylogenetic lobules. The number of Purkinje cell in a given volume was larger in the archicerebellum, but synapse density was higher in the neocerebellum. These data suggest that cellular and synaptic organization of the Purkinje cell is different according to their phylogenetic background.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.419-432
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• 2007

Double-diffusive convection inside a triangular porous cavity is studied numerically. Galerkin finite element method is adopted to derive the discrete form of the governing differential equations. The first-order backward Euler scheme is used for temporal discretization with the second-order Adams-Bashforth scheme for the convection terms in the energy and species conservation equations. The Boussinesq-Oberbeck approximation is used to calculate the density dependence on the temperature and concentration fields. A parametric study is performed with the Lewis number, the Rayleigh number, the buoyancy ratio, and the shape of the triangle. The effect of gravity orientation is considered also. Results obtained include the flow, temperature, and concentration fields. The differences induced by varying physical parameters are analyzed and discussed. It is found that the heat transfer rate is sensitive to the shape of the triangles. For the given geometries, buoyancy ratio and Rayleigh numbers are the dominating parameters controlling the heat transfer.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.181-190
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to find the effective stiffness and compressive strengths of a unit-cell pinwheel truss and double pinwheel truss model designed following a double helical geometry similar to that of the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) structure in biology. The ideal solution for their derived relative density is correlated with a ratio of the truss thickness and length. To validate the relative stiffness or relative strength, ABAQUS software is used for the computational model analysis on five models having a different size of truss diameter from 1mm to 5mm. Applied material properties are stainless steel type 304. The boundary conditions applied were fixed bottom and 5 mm downward displacement. It was assumed that the width, length, and height are all equal. Consequently, it is found that the truss model has a lower effective stiffness and a lower effective yielding strength.