• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.29-41
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 연약한 점토층과 모래지반으로 이루어진 2층지반의 지지력을 구하기 위하여 비교적 간단한 강도정수평균법을 적용하였다. 강도정수평균법의 오차를 줄이기 위해, 강도정수평균을 취할 한계깊이를 정의하는 식을 유도하고, 수치해석(FLAC)을 이용하여 보정하였다. 그리고 그 결과를 무차원차트로 나타내었다. 본 논문에서 제안된 무차원차트를 이용하여 구한 2층지반의 지지력과 Satyanarayana ＆ Grag, Sreenivasulu, Meyerhof & Hnna 등이 제안한 기존의 연구결과와 비교 및 검토를 수행하였다, 강도정수평균법은 하부지반을 대표할 수 있는 물성을 구하고, 기초하부를 단층지반으로 가정한 후 기존의 지지력계수를 사용하게 된다. 본 논문에서 기존의 제안된 지지력계수 중에서 Vesic이 제안한 지지력계수를 사용하는 것이 수치해석에 근접하였고, 강도정수평균을 취할 한계깊이를 기초폭의 약 2배로 가정한 Satyanarayana & Grag의 방법과 기초 파괴시 형성되는 강체쐐기의 크기$[0.5B\; tan(45+\phi_1/2)]$로 가정한 Sreenivasulu방법은 과다한 지지력이 산정되는 결과를 보였다. 그리고 기초연단에서 수직면을 따라 수동파괴 상태가 형성되는 것으로 가정한 Heyerhof & Hanna의 결과와 본 연구에서 제안한 방법은 비교적 잘 일치하였다. 따라서, 제안된 무차원차트를 이용하여 연약한 점토층 위에 놓인 모래지반의 지지력을 근사적으로 예측할 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.475-486
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• 2015

Mode II fracture toughness ($K_{IIc}$) of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) has been widely investigated under various patterns of test specimen geometries. Most of these studies were focused on single type fiber reinforced concrete. There is a lack in such studies for hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. In the current study, an experimental investigation of evaluating mode II fracture toughness ($K_{IIc}$) of hybrid fiber embedded in high strength concrete matrix has been reported. Three different types of fibers; namely steel (S), glass (G), and polypropylene (PP) fibers were mixed together in four hybridization patterns (S/G), (S/PP), (G/PP), (S/G/PP) with constant cumulative volume fraction ($V_f$) of 1.5 %. The concrete matrix properties were kept the same for all hybrid FRC patterns. In an attempt to estimate a fairly accepted value of fracture toughness $K_{IIc}$, four testing geometries and loading types are employed in this investigation. Three different ratios of notch depth to specimen width (a/w) 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 were implemented in this study. Mode II fracture toughness of concrete $K_{IIc}$ was found to decrease with the increment of a/w ratio for all concretes and test geometries. Mode II fracture toughness $K_{IIc}$ was sensitive to the hybridization patterns of fiber. The (S/PP) hybridization pattern showed higher values than all other patterns, while the (S/G/PP) showed insignificant enhancement on mode II fracture toughness ($K_{IIc}$). The four point shear test set up reflected the lowest values of mode II fracture toughness $K_{IIc}$ of concrete. The non damage defect concept proved that, double edge notch prism test setup is the most reliable test to measure pure mode II of concrete.

• Composites Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2017

에폭시 수지의 열적 특성과 접합 특성에 대해 다중벽 탄소 나노 튜브 (MWCNT)의 효과가 이중 중첩 전단시험에 의해 연구되었다. Epoxy/MWCNT 복합 수지는 에폭시 수지(araldite 2011)에 다양한 질량 분율로 MWCNT를 분산하여 제조되었다. MWCNT의 효과를 확인하기 위해 접합강도 시험이 열특성 변형 만능재료시험기에 의해 진행되었고 충격강도 시험이 ASTM D256에 따라 진행되었다. 금속 판재와 탄소섬유강화복합재료가 실험 재료로써 사용되었으며, 열적 안정성 분석은 열 중량 분석기와 시차 주사 열량기에 의해 진행되었다. 또한 접합강도 시험 후 시편의 형태학적 특성은 주사전자현미경에 의해 관찰되었고 파괴거동을 알아보기 위하여 광학현미경을 사용하였다. 에폭시 수지와 비교하였을 때 epoxy/MWCNT 복합 수지가 물리적 특성이 향상되는 것을 나타내었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.1125-1142
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• 2016

Tunneling is one of the challenging tasks in civil engineering because it involves a variety of decision making and engineering judgment based on knowledge and experience. One of the challenges is to construct tunnels in risky areas under shallow overburden. In order to prevent the collapse of ceilings and walls of a large tunnels, in such conditions, either a sequential excavation method (SEM) or ground reinforcing method, or a combination of both, can be utilized. This research deals with the numerical modeling of L-profiles and pipe fore-poling pre-support systems in the adit tunnel in northwestern Iran. The first part of the adit tunnel has been drilled in alluvial material with very weak geotechnical parameters. Despite applying an SEM in constructing this tunnel, analyzing the results of numerical modeling done using FLAC3D, as well as observations during drilling, indicate the tunnel instability. To improve operational safety and to prevent collapse, pre-support systems, including pipe fore-poling and L-profiles were designed and implemented. The results of the numerical modeling coupled with monitoring during operation, as well as the results of instrumentation, indicate the efficacy of both these methods in tunnel collapse prevention. Moreover, the results of modeling using FLAC3D and SECTION BUILDER suggest a double angle with equal legs ($2L100{\times}100{\times}10mm$) in both box profile and tee array as an alternative section to pipe fore-poling system while neither $L80{\times}80{\times}8mm$ nor $2L80{\times}80{\times}8mm$ can sustain the axial and shear stresses exerted on pipe fore-poling system.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.98-106
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• 1995

대형구조물의 국부구조계에는 후판, 선체이중저와 같은 복판팬널 또는 FRP판과 같은 복합적층판에 집중질량, 질량-스프링계 또는 지지스프링 등으로 간주되는 부가제가 추가된 복합제의 진동해석을 수행하여야 되는 경우가 않다. 본 연구에서는 팬널의 receptance와 부가계의 receptance를 합성하여 복합제의 고유진동특성 및 강제진동응답을 효과적으로 얻을 수 있는 receptance 방법의 적용을 제시한다. 상기 팬널들은 전단변형 및 회전관성효과가 매우 크고 대부분 직교이방성 강성을 갖기 때문에 직교이방성 Mindlin판유추 구조계로 간주하였으며, Mindlin판유추 구조계의 receptance를 구하기 위해 assumed mode-Lagrange 운동방정식 원용에 의해 구하는 방법을 정식화하였다. 이때 진동파형은 Timoshenko 보함수 또는 이의 성질을 갖는 다항식을 사용하였다. 등방성후판 및 실선 이중저의 1/8축적 모델을 대상으로 일련의 수치계산을 수행하여 본연구에서 제시한 방법의 타당성을 보였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2013

본 연구는 우리나라에서 가장 일반적인 중소규모의 비내진 상세를 가진 건축물을 대상으로, 노후도를 고려하여 내진성능을 평가하였다. 평가결과, 준공 후 24년이 경과되었으나 노후도는 대체로 양호한 것으로 평가되었고, 1차, 2차 내진성능평가는 기준지표를 만족하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 3차 내진성능평가에서는 층간변위비를 기준으로 목표성능은 만족하지만 보강이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 대상 건축물에 벽체보강, 가새보강, 댐퍼보강을 한 후 내진성능평가를 실시한 결과, 보강방법에 상관없이 층간변위비는 현저히 감소하여 즉시거주수준을 만족하는 수준으로 나타났다. 그러나 벽체보강의 경우 밑면전단력이 2배 이상 증가되어 기존기초에 대한 검토가 필요하다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2009

비좌굴가새는 우수한 내진성능을 보이는 시스템이다. 그러나 비좌굴가새는 약진이나 바람과 같은 하중에 대하여 에너지를 소산시키지 못한다. 기존의 비좌굴가새의 풍저항 성능을 개선한 하이브리드 비좌굴가새(H-BRB)는 비좌굴가새와 점탄성댐퍼로 구성된 복합댐퍼시스템의 일종이다. 본 논문에서는 탄성영역에서 H-BRB의 구조성능을 확인하기 위하여 심재가 다른 두 개의 실험체에 대한 실험이 수행되었다. H-BRB 시스템에 대한 탄성영역에서의 거동메케니즘 검증을 위하여 주저항요소와 2차 저항요소의 축변형량과 에너지소산 능력을 비교하였다. 실험결과 댐퍼부에서 이면전단을 사용한 H-BRB는 우수한 구조성능을 보이며, 고층건물의 사용성 수준을 향상시키기 위하여 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1973

This study was carried out to examine the characeristics of waste sanders(S)from. plywood and pre-finishing plywood surface sanding and double saw finishing, as a new extander in urea-formaldehyde resin(UFR) in plywood adhesive, and to focus, adhesive strength using the glue extended with milled sanders(MS) as extender, leveling the optimum amount of MS to be added, and examining the physical properties of glue extended MS & S. Also economical good feasibility of substitution for wheat flour(WF) with MS as a new extender is analyzed and presented in details. Selecting three standard samples of 80, 100 and 180 mesh, sorking them in distilled water at $20^{\circ}C$, 24 hours, redrying at $105^{\circ}C$ and rescreening the sample with standard screen, again, the 3 samples of 80, 100, and 180 mesh are passed 23 percent through 80 mesh sander standard sample 27 percent through on 100 mesh and only 10.9 percent through 180 mesh, respectively. The particle size of retained parts are greater in size of redried form. It seems undoubtly that particles to be extended in glue are got swollen and become greater in size and coarser in shape. The shape of fresh S particles are irregular thin needle with small scale, as shown in Figure 5. PFS are so finer than plywood S that only 9.8 percent of the S retained on 100 mest screen, 24. 30 percent on 100-160 mesh, and 65.9% on 160-180 mesh. But particle size of the fresh S is large enough to make the viscosity of glue direct extended with S too high to apply it glue spreader. The glue extended with milled sanders(MS). 3 hours milled PFS or 6 hours milled plywood S, having particle sizes shown in Tables 7 and 8, as ratio of Reain/MS/WF/water: 100/8/8/10, indicate good viscosity of 16 to 24 ps, as shown in Figure 5, for applying direct to glue spreader, have high tensile-shear strength (adhesive strength), 102.4 kp/$cm^2$, and 94 percent wood failure.

• 기술발표회
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• 통권2006호
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• pp.320-328
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• 2006

In this test, there was two dimensional model loading test implemented for analysis with respect to the problem of evaluating bearing capacity and the application range on the dredged and reclaimed ground. It was got following conclusion through comparison of button's and Brown&Meyerhof"s equation with experimental result that was obtained by 2 dimensions model loading test. For the difference between average undrained shear strength by 2/3B of loading board width and under 2/3B is more than ${\pm}$ 50%, application of Nc(coefficient of bearing capacity was used in that case $\phi$=0 analysis is considered in the single layer) was declined. Brown&Meyerhof(1969)'s equation was underestimated comparing with loading test result, while Button(1953)'s equation was overestimated comparing with loading test result applied dividing as double layers of upper dessication layer and lower soft layer about dredged and reclaimed ground. Also, bearing capacity factors, Nc that was calculated by using button's equation was estimated greatly about 1.7 times more than bearing capacity factors, Nc that was calculated by using Brown&Meyerhof's equation. Bearing capacity factors, Nc that was calcuated by using Brown&Meyerhof's and Button's equation was evaluated each 2.3-3.6 times, 1.3-2.1 times smaller than bearing capacity factors, Nc5.14 that was calcuated by using Meyerhof's equation in case of unit layer.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2018

The study of the mining effect influenced by a normal fault has great significance concerning the prediction and prevention of fault rock burst. According to the occurrence condition of a normal fault, the stress evolution of the working face and fault plane, the movement characteristics of overlying strata, and the law of fault slipping when the working face advances from footwall to hanging wall are studied utilizing UDEC numerical simulation. Then the inducing-mechanism of fault rock burst is revealed. Results show that in pre-mining, the in situ stress distribution of two fault walls in the fault-affected zone is notably different. When the working face mines in the footwall, the abutment stress distributes in a "double peak" pattern. The ratio of shear stress to normal stress and the fault slipping have the obvious spatial and temporal characteristics because they vary gradually from the higher layer to the lower one orderly. The variation of roof subsidence is in S-shape which includes slow deformation, violent slipping, deformation induced by the hanging wall strata rotation, and movement stability. The simulation results are verified via several engineering cases of fault rock burst. Moreover, it can provide a reference for prevention and control of rock burst in a fault-affected zone under similar conditions.