• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 1980

The rocks exposed in the investigation area are andesite of Late Cretaceous age, and syenite and aplitic granite of Bulgugsa Series of Early Cretaceous Period, which is intruded in the older andesitic rock. The strike and dip of major joint is $N10^{\circ}$ to $60^{\circ}E$, and $70^{\circ}SE$ to vertical respectively. According to seismic exploration, lower velocity zone, deemed to be fractured and/or crushed zone, is appeared along the gully center of east flank of the area. Test drilling shows that andesite bedrock is mostly very hard, massive, and very fine to medium grained and has almost 100 percent RQD and core recovery. In comparision with andesitic bedrock, intruded syenite cores show that it is highly crush especially at the depth from 55m to 63m.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1433-1441
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• 2015

Pollution resulting from the discharge of textile dyes into water systems has become a major global concern. Because peroxidases are known for their ability to decolorize and detoxify textile dyes, the peroxidase activity of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) has recently been studied. It is found that VHb and variants of this enzyme show great promise for enzymatic decolorization of dyes and may play a role in achieving their successful removal from industrial wastewater. The level of VHb peroxidase activity correlates with two amino acid residues present within the conserved distal pocket, at positions 53 and 54. In this work, sitedirected mutagenesis of these residues was performed and resulted in improved VHb peroxidase activity. The double mutant, Q53H/P54C, shows the highest dye decolorization and removal efficiency, with 70% removal efficiency within 5 min. UV spectral studies of Q53H/P54C reveals a more compact structure and an altered porphyrin environment (λ_Soret = 413 nm) relative to that of wild-type VHb (λ_Soret = 406), and differential scanning calorimetry data indicate that the VHb variant protein structure is more stable. In addition, circular dichroism spectroscopic studies indicate that this variant's increased protein structural stability is due to an increase in helical structure, as deduced from the melting temperature, which is higher than 90℃. Therefore, the VHb variant Q53H/P54C shows promise as an excellent peroxidase, with excellent dye decolorization activity and a more stable structure than wild-type VHb under high-temperature conditions.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.427-442
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• 2002

Conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) is a collective term for a group of positional (c8, c10; c9, c11; c10, c12, and c11, c13) and geometric(cis,cis; cis,trans; trans,cis; and trans,trans) isomers of octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid) with conjugated double bond system. CLA has been shown to have a variety of biological effects. Major effects of CLA on health, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-atherosclerosis and improving immuno-responses, might be derived or partially derived from the alternated lipid metabolism after CLA feeding. Most of studies on the effect of CLA on fat metabolism are concentrated on rats, mice, pigs and other mammals. The CLA inhibited carcinogen-induced neoplasia in several animal models and inhibited the proliferation of human malignant melanoma, colorectal and breast cancer cells and CLA reduced the atherosclerosis. Several studies have determined the antioxidant property of CLA; however, the property still remains controversial. Some of the studies have shown that CLA acted as an antioxidant, whereas some other studies have demonstrated that CLA might be a prooxidant. Several studies suggested that CLA could reduce fat accumulation in mammals. CLA was suggested to promote muscle growth and reduce fat deposition in mouse, and improve feed efficiency in rats. CLA has been shown to inhibit the activity of stearoyl-CoA reductase. CLA also reduced the content of arachidonic acid. Since arachidonic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexenoic acid (DHA) are synthesized by different pathways, reducing the synthesis of arachidonic acid may not mean reducing that of EPA and DHA. Many sutdies have been shown biological effects of CLA. Therefore, further research is needed to answer the following questions: 1) how to synthesize the new CLA by new methods, 2) why CLA has shown biological effects, 3) how to increase CLA effects in animal products.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 1986

Empyema thoracis following pneumonia, intra-abdominal pathology, trauma, and surgical procedure continues to be a source of major morbidity and mortality. Thirty seven adult and eleven pediatric patients with empyema thoracis were treated at the University of Yeungnam Medical Center from May 1983 to November 1986. Age distribution ranged from 6 months to 72 years and showed a double-peaked curve with the highest incidence between 36 and 65 years and below 15 years of age. There were male predominence in patients above 16 years of age. The most common predisposing factors was impaired consciousness due to either alcoholism or head injury. The causes of empyema were as follows: pneumonia 64.6%, lung abscess 6.4%, intraabdominal pathology 6.4%, and surgical procedure 6.4%. The cardinal symptoms were fever, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, sputum, weight loss, anorexia, and night sweat in orders. Culture of empyema fluid were positive in 50% of patients. The isolated organisms were Gram-negative bacilli 33.3%, staphylococcus aureus 25%, and streptococcus 25%. The patients received antibiotics in conjunction with various invasive procedures : chest tube drainage 77.1%, decortication 6.3%, and repeated thoracentesis 10.3%. There were 4 deaths, 1 child and 3 adults, with a overall mortality of 8.3%.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1997

The palpebral fissures of 1529 healthy Koreans ranging in age from one month to 92 years were examined. The length and width of palpebral fissure, distance of folded upper lid(FUL), inter outer canthal distance(IOCD) and appearance of double upper lid (DUL) were studied. The most commonly occuring length of the normal palpebral fissure was 30 mm(13.7%) followed by 28 mm(9.8%) and 27 mm(8.8%), and almost four fifths(79.1%) of the palpebral fissures measured less than 30mm in length. Of the ages 11~60 examined over 70 % averaged palpebral fissures measuring bet ween 27 mm and 32 mm. The commonest width of 1443 normal palpebral fissure was 8 mm(28.2%) followed by 9mm(16.3%) and 7mm(15.0%), and average widths according to 5 major age groups were 5~8mm, 6~10mm, 7~11mm, 7~11mm and 5~9mm, and there is some tendency to a decrease with age. The average of FUL without frontalis action was 8~11 mm. The distances between exocanthions, IOCD, according to age groups were estimated to be 77~82mm for one to 10, 94~101mm for 11 to 60 and 89~95mm for over-60 age group, respectively. The DUL was appeared in 44 % of sample, and DUL in female was more than in male.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.148-157
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• 2017

This study provided an overview of how action learning runs in parents' education classes by analyzing the case of parent education program for prospective early childhood teachers. The subjects of this study were 32 pre - service teachers (30 students in early childhood education, 2 double major students) who were enrolled in the department of early childhood education at P university in Daejeon. The research was conducted theoretical and practical action learning program for 12 weeks. The data collection was organized by students preparing weekly diaries, group assignments, in-depth interview materials, colleagues and self-assessment, and analysed with the qualitative case study approach. The results of the qualitative analysis are as follows: Action learning teaching method provided opportunities to encounter diverse cases through student led and group activities. Students could experience a specific problem solving method between parents-children relationships as prospective parents. Students could have a chance to solve real-life situations that are difficult to experience in theoretical classroom situations between teachers-parents relationship as prospective teachers. Although the realization of practical knowledge of real-world conflict has been challenging, it has become a chance to have confidence with the role of parents and the role of teachers in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.588-591
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• 2018

Baculovirus was originally isolated from the alfalfa looper and contains a 134-kbp genome with 154 open reading frames (ORF). The major capsid protein VP39 together with some minor proteins forms the nucleocapsid ($21nm{\times}260nm$) that encloses the DNA with p6.9 protein. They are double-stranded, circular, supercoiled DNA molecules in a rod-shaped capsid. Wild-type baculoviruses exhibit both lytic and occluded life cycles that develop independently throughout the three phases of virus replication. Recombinant baculoviruses can transfer their vectors and express their recombinant proteins in a wide range of mammalian cell types. Especially, inclusion of a dominant selectable marker in these baculoviral vectors can express diverse recombinant genes in many cells. Baculoviral vectors were reconstructed with cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter,uroplakin II promoter, polyhedron promoter, vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSVG), enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), protein transduction domain (PTD) gene and so on. These reconstructed vectors were infected into various cell and cell lines. We performed transfection and expression of these recombinant vectors comparison with other control vectors. From this study, we knew that transfection and expression of these recombinant vectors have higher efficacy than any control vector. This work was supported by a grant from Mid-Career Researcher Program(NRF-2016R1A2B4016552) through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning(MSIP).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.10-23
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• 2000

Four-constitutional theory proposed by Dr. Lee, Je-ma has been evolve for last 100years by his followers. One of the major progresses was the emergence of constitutional acupuncture proposed by Dr. Kwan Doh-won. Constitutional acupuncture included the new pulse diagnostic method to determine the body type, pulse diagrams and corresponding acupuncture method called five element acupuncture in which five-element points in 12 meridian channels are used. Dr. Sa-ahm proposed five-element acupuncture three and a half hundred years age. Conjunction of Dr Lee's theory to Dr. Kwan proposed eight constitutions with eight pulse diagrams. He also adopted eight acupuncture prescriptions out of twenty-four Sa-ahm's acupuncture prescriptions. The author, Dr. Yom Tae-hwa, proposed more inclusive theory of 24 constitutions with 24 diagnostic pulse diagrams in Las Vegas International Acupuncture Convention in 1986. This article reviews history of constitutional medicine briefly. Each step of theoretical evolution from four-constitutional theory to twenty-four-constitutional theory is explained. By understanding the theoretical connection between twelve meridian channels based on five-element theory and four-constitutional theory in the article, one will easily accept the emergence of twelve of twenty four constitutional theory. Next, the article is focused on four subcategories under Sao-Yin constitution, which are one-sixth of 24 constitution. in this section classification, pulse diagnostic method, pulse diagram acupuncture prescriptions and herbal prescriptions are explained in detail. Then, clinical trial reports of acupuncture treatment and/or herbal formulas for such constitutions are attached for the rest part of the article. the purpose of this paper is to present the new hypothesis with the result of preliminary clinical trial hoping that additional clinical reports from other practitioners in this field triggers well-designed clinical study in future.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 1992

The survey of weed population in paddy field was carried out to invegstigate the weed group on 340 fields in Kyonggi Area in 1991. The weed species observed include 4 species of grasses, 7 species of sedges, and 14 species of broadleaf weeds, and the ratio of annual weed vs perennial weed was 25 : 75. Major dominant weed species were Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagitaria trifolia, Echinochloa crusgalli and Cyperus serotinus. The dominant weed species in South Plain Region were Echinochloa crusgalli, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagitariu trifolia, Cyperus strotinus, in West Coast Region were Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagitaria trifolia, Echinochloa crusgalli, Cyperus serotinus, in East Interior Region were Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagitaria trifolia, Echinochloa crusgalli, Cyperus difformis and were Sagitaria trifolia, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Echinochloa crusgalli and Monochoria vaginalis in North Region. The dominant weed species in Normal and Poorly drained soil were Eleocharis kuroguwdi, Sagitaria trifolia, Echinochloa crusgalli and Cyperus serotinus and were Scirpus maritinus, Cyperus serotinus, Echinochlod crusgalli and Myriophyllum verticillatum in Saline Soil. More and many weeds were growing in single cropped field than double cropped field.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2017

Two major sex pheromone components (Z-8-dodecenyl acetate and E-8-dodecenyl acetate) are known in the peach fruit moth, Grapholita molesta. From a putative biosynthetic pathway of these sex pheromone components, delta 10 desaturase ($10{\Delta}$ DES) has been proposed to play a crucial role in synthesizing a species-specific stereoisomer of the double bond. However, its molecular identity was not known. This study determined a putative desaturase (Gm-comp1575) as a $10{\Delta}$ DES candidate from G. molesta transcriptome constructed from the sex pheromone gland. Its open reading frame encodes 370 amino acid sequence with a predicted molecular weight at 43.2 kDa and isoelectric point at 8.77. It was predicted to have four transmembrane domains and six glycosylation sites at N-terminal or cytosolic domains. A phylogenetic analysis with its predicted amino acid sequence indicated that Gm-comp1575 is closely related with known $10{\Delta}$ DES genes of other insects. Gm-comp1575 transcript was detected in female adults at sex pheromone gland and other abdominal tissues. RNA interference of Gm-comp1575 significantly reduced attractiveness of virgin females in apple orchard compared to control females. These results suggest that Gm-comp1575 is associated with sex pheromone biosynthesis of G. molesta.