• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2020

Purpose: In ionization-chamber dosimetry for high-dose-rate electron beams-above 20 mGy/pulse-the ion-recombination correction methods recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) are not appropriate, because they overestimate the correction factor. In this study, we suggest a practical ion-recombination correction method, based on Boag's improved model, and apply it to reference dosimetry for electron beams of about 100 mGy/pulse generated from an electron linear accelerator (LINAC). Methods: This study employed a theoretical model of the ion-collection efficiency developed by Boag and physical parameters used by Laitano et al. We recalculated the ion-recombination correction factors using two-voltage analysis and obtained an empirical fitting formula to represent the results. Next, we compared the calculated correction factors with published results for the same calculation conditions. Additionally, we performed dosimetry for electron beams from a 6 MeV electron LINAC using an Advanced Markus^® ionization chamber to determine the reference dose in water at the source-to-surface distance (SSD)=100 cm, using the correction factors obtained in this study. Results: The values of the correction factors obtained in this work are in good agreement with the published data. The measured dose-per-pulse for electron beams at the depth of maximum dose for SSD=100 cm was 115 mGy/pulse, with a standard uncertainty of 2.4%. In contrast, the k_s values determined using the IAEA and AAPM methods are, respectively, 8.9% and 8.2% higher than our results. Conclusions: The new method based on Boag's improved model provides a practical method of determining the ion-recombination correction factors for high dose-per-pulse radiation beams up to about 120 mGy/pulse. This method can be applied to electron beams with even higher dose-per-pulse, subject to independent verification.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2005

삼중수소의 환경방출에 따른 주민선량의 규제이행을 위해 개발된 NEWTRIT모델, AIRDOS-EPA 모델, NRC 모델의 평가 방법을 고찰하고, 활용 가능한 국내 특성자료를 사용하여 예측결과를 비교하였다. 이들 모델 중에서 가장 최근에 개발된 NEWTRIT 모델만이 tritiated water (HTO) 방출에 따른 organically bounded tritium (OBT)의 영향을 고려한다. 평가결과 삼중수소의 환경방출로 인해 모든 가능한 경로로부터 받게 되는 총 피폭선량은 AIRDOS-EPA 모델의 예측결과가 NEWTRIT모델과 NRC모델에 비해 각각 1.03배, 2.46배 높은 결과를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과로부터 NRC모델로 예측되는 피폭선량이 실제 주변주민이 받을 수 있는 피폭선량을 과소평가할수 있다고 이해해서는 안될 것이다. 왜냐하면 삼중수소의 환경내 거동에 대한 불확실성은 매우 크기 때문에 규제이행을 위한 수학적 모델과 관련 변수 값은 극히 보수적 가정에 근거하기 때문이다. NEWIRIT 모델로 예측된 식품섭취에 의한 피폭선량에서 우리나라의 주식인 곡류의 상대적으로 많은 섭취로 OBT는 HTO와 거의 대둥한 수준의 영향을 나타내었다. 삼중수소의 환경방출에 따른 총 피폭선량에서 NRETRIT 모델은 AIRDOS-EPA 모델과 유사한 예측결과를 나타내지만, NEWTRIT 모델은 식품섭취에 따른 OBT의 영향을 고려함으로써 환경으로 방출된 HTO 거동의 현상적 이해 둥에 있어서 보다 의미가 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005년도 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.464-473
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• 2005

삼중수소의 환경방출에 따른 주민선량의 규제이행을 위해 개발된 NEWTRIT 모델, AIRDOS-EPA 모델, NRC 모델의 평가 방법을 고찰하고, 활용 가능한 국내 특성자료를 사용하여 예측결과를 비교하였다. 이들 모델 중에서 가장 최근에 개발된 NEWTRIT 모델만이 tritiated water (HTO) 방출에 따른 organically bounded tritium (OBT)의 영향을 고려한다. 평가결과 삼중수소의 환경방출로 인해 모든 가능한 경로로부터 받게 되는 총 피폭선량은 AIRDOS-EPA 모델의 예측결과가 NEWTRIT 모델과 NRC 모델에 비해 각각 1.03배, 2.46배 높은 결과를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과로부터 NRC 모델로 예측되는 피폭선량이 실제 주변주민이 받을 수 있는 피폭선량을 과소 평가할 수 있다고 이해해서는 안될 것이다. 왜냐하면 삼중수소의 환경내 거동에 대한 불확실성은 매우 크기 때문에 규제이행을 위한 수학적 모델과 관련 변수 값은 극히 보수적 가정에 근거하기 때문이다. NEWTRIT 모델로 예측된 식품섭취에 의한 피폭선량에서 우리나라의 주식인 곡류의 상대적으로 많은 섭취로 OBT는 HTO와 거의 대둥한 수준의 영향을 나타내었다. 삼중수소의 환경방출에 따른 총 피폭선량에서 NEWTRIT 모델은 AIRDOS-EPA 모델과 유사한 예측결과를 나타내지만, NEWTRIT 모델은 식품섭취에 따른 OBT의 영향을 고려함으로써 환경으로 방출된 HTO 거동의 현상적 이해 등에 있어서 보다 의미가 있다고 판단된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.4189-4200
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• 2021

In this study, the relationship between the environmental radiation dose rate and meteorological variables was investigated with multiple regression analysis and big data of those variables. The environmental radiation dose rate and 36 different meteorological variables were measured on Ulleung Island, Republic of Korea, from 2011 to 2015. Not all meteorological variables were used in the regression analysis because the different meteorological variables significantly affect the environmental radiation dose rate during different periods, and the degree of influence changes with time. By applying the Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise selection methods to the big dataset, the major meteorological variables influencing the environmental radiation dose rate were identified, which were then used as the independent variables for the regression model. Subsequently, multiple regression models for the monthly datasets and dataset of the entire period were developed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2018

Radiation protection in the scrotum to reduce the risk of genetic effect in the future is very important. This study aimed to measure the scrotal dose outside the treatment fields by using the radio-photoluminescence glass dosimeter (RPLGD). The characteristics of RPLGD model GD-302M were studied. Scattered dose to scrotum was measured in one liposarcoma case with the prescribed dose of 60 Gy. RPLGDs were placed in three different locations: one RPLGD was positioned at the posterior area which closer to the scrotum, and the other two RPLGDs were placed between the penis and the scrotum. Three RPLGDs were employed in each location. The scattered doses were measured in every fraction during the whole course of treatment. The entire number of 100 RPLGDs showed the uniformity within ±2%. The signal from RPLGD demonstrated linear proportion to the radiation dose (r = 0.999). The relative energy response correction factor was 1.05. The average scrotal dose was 4.1 ± 0.9 cGy per fraction. The results presented a wide range since there was a high uncertainty during RPLGD placement. The total scrotal dose for the whole course of treatment was 101.9 cGy (1.7% of the prescribed dose). The RPLGD model GD-302M could be used to measure scattered dose after applying the relative energy correction factor.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.1769-1780
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• 2022

A new method of dose calculation algorithm, called GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo and collapsed cone Convolution (GMCC) was developed to improve the calculation speed of BNCT treatment planning system. The GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo routine in GMCC is used to simulate the neutron transport over whole energy range and the Collapsed Cone Convolution method is to calculate the gamma dose. Other dose components due to alpha particles and protons, are calculated using the calculated neutron flux and reaction data. The mathematical principle and the algorithm architecture are introduced. The accuracy and performance of the GMCC were verified by comparing with the FLUKA results. A water phantom and a head CT voxel model were simulated. The neutron flux and the absorbed dose obtained by the GMCC were consistent well with the FLUKA results. In the case of head CT voxel model, the mean absolute percentage error for the neutron flux and the absorbed dose were 3.98% and 3.91%, respectively. The calculation speed of the absorbed dose by the GMCC was 56 times faster than the FLUKA code. It was verified that the GMCC could be a good candidate tool instead of the Monte Carlo method in the BNCT dose calculations.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.239-250
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• 2022

In many applications, we frequently encounter correlated multiple outcomes measured on the same subject. Joint modeling of such multiple outcomes can improve efficiency of inference compared to independent modeling. For instance, in developmental toxicity studies, fetal weight and number of malformed pups are measured on the pregnant dams exposed to different levels of a toxic substance, in which the association between such outcomes should be taken into account in the model. The number of malformations may possibly have many zeros, which should be analyzed via zero-inflated count models. Motivated by applications in developmental toxicity studies, we propose a Bayesian joint modeling framework for continuous and count outcomes with excess zeros. In our model, zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression model would be used to describe count data, and a subject-specific random effects would account for the correlation across the two outcomes. We implement a Bayesian approach using MCMC procedure with data augmentation method and adaptive rejection sampling. We apply our proposed model to dose-response analysis in a developmental toxicity study to estimate the benchmark dose in a risk assessment.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Background: The toxicity of paraquat has been known to be caused by oxygen free radicals which leads to the lipid peroxidation and multiple organ failure. High dose vitamin C has been known to be a effective antioxidant activities against the paraquat intoxication. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of regular injection of high dose vitamin C on liver damage in paraquat poisoned rat model. Method: Fifty five rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into three groups: control group, only intraperitoneally injected saline; paraquat group, single dose intraperitoneally injected paraquat(24.5%, 40 mg/kg) and every 8 hours injected saline; paraquat and vitamin C group, single dose intraperitoneally injected paraquat(24.5%, 40 mg/kg) and every 8 hours injected vitamin C(72 mg/kg). Rats were sacrificed on the 12 hours, 1st day, 2nd day, 4th day, 7th day after injection and liver tissue was obtained. H&E(Hematoxylin & Eosin) stain and Masson's trichrome stain for collagen fiber detection were undertaken. The results were observed using the microscope. Results: 1. There were no differences between control and experimental group at the 12hours after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. 2. There were significantly decreased liver damage in experimental group in the 1st day after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. 3. There were significantly increased recovery of liver damage with time in experimental group after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. Conclusion: These results suggest that regular injection of high dose vitamin C is effective in decreasing liver damage in paraquat intoxication.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2018

Background: In terms of the Level 3 probabilistic safety assessment (Level 3 PSA), ingestion of food that had been exposed to radioactive materials is important to assess the intermediate- and long-term radiological dose. Because the ingestion dose is considerably dependent upon the agricultural and dietary characteristics of each country, the reliability of the assessment results may become diminished if the characteristics of a foreign country are considered. Thus, this study intends to evaluate and analyze the ingestion dose of Korean during a severe accident by completely considering the available agricultural and dietary characteristics in Korea. Materials and Methods: This study uses COMIDA2, which is a program based on dynamic food chain model. It sets the parameters that are appropriate to Korean characteristics so that we can evaluate the inherent ingestion dose of Korean. The results were analyzed by considering the accident date and food category with regard to the $^{137}Cs$. Results and Discussion: The dose and contribution of the food category depicted distinctive differences based on the accident date. Particularly, the ingestion dose during the first and second years depicted a considerable difference by the accident date. However, after the third year, the effect of foliar absorption was negligible and exhibited a similar tendency along with the order of root uptake rate based on the food category. Conclusion: In this study, the agricultural and dietary characteristics of Korea were analyzed and evaluated the ingestion dose of Korean during a severe accident using COMIDA2. By considering the inherent characteristics of Korean, it can be determined that the results of this study will significantly contribute to the reliability of the Level 3 PSA.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2020

Purpose: Gafchromic films for proton dosimetry are dependent on linear energy transfers (LETs), resulting in dose underestimation for high LETs. Despite efforts to resolve this problem for single-energy beams, there remains a need to do so for multi-energy beams. Here, a bimolecular reaction model was applied to correct the under-response of spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBPs). Methods: For depth-dose measurements, a Gafchromic EBT3 film was positioned in water perpendicular to the ground. The gantry was rotated at 15° to avoid disturbances in the beam path. A set of films was exposed to a uniformly scanned 112-MeV pristine proton beam with six different dose intensities, ranging from 0.373 to 4.865 Gy, at a 2-cm depth. Another set of films was irradiated with SOBPs with maximum energies of 110, 150, and 190 MeV having modulation widths of 5.39, 4.27, and 5.34 cm, respectively. The correction function was obtained using 150.8-MeV SOBP data. The LET of the SOBP was then analytically calculated. Finally, the model was validated for a uniform cubic dose distribution and compared with multilayered ionization chamber data. Results: The dose error in the plateau region was within 4% when normalized with the maximum dose. The discrepancy of the range was <1 mm for all measured energies. The highest errors occurred at 70 MeV owing to the steep gradient with the narrowest Bragg peak. Conclusions: With bimolecular model-based correction, an EBT3 film can be used to accurately verify the depth dose of scanned proton beams and could potentially be used to evaluate the depth-dose distribution for patient plans.