• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.238-247
• /
• 2022

Since the skin covers most surfaces of the body, it is susceptible to damage, which can be fatal depending on the degree of injury to the skin because it defends against external attack and protects internal structures. Various types of artificial skin are being studied for transplantation to repair damaged skin, and recently, the production of replaceable skin using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has also been investigated. In this study, skin tissue was produced using a 3D bioprinter with human skin cell lines and cells extracted from mouse skin, and the printing conditions were optimized. Gelatin was used as a bioink, and fibrinogen and alginate were used for tissue hardening after printing. Printed skin tissue maintained a survival rate of 90% or more when cultured for 14 days. Culture conditions were established using 8 mM calcium chloride treatment and the skin tissue was exposed to air to optimize epidermal cell differentiation. The skin tissue was cultured for 14 days after differentiation induction by this optimized culture method, and immunofluorescent staining was performed using epidermal cell differentiation markers to investigate whether the epidermal cells had differentiated. After differentiation, loricrin, which is normally found in terminally differentiated epidermal cells, was observed in the cells at the tip of the epidermal layer, and cytokeratin 14 was expressed in the lower cells of the epidermis layer. Collectively, this study may provide optimized conditions for bioprinting and keratinization for three-dimensional skin production.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.298-301
• /
• 2005

Potato (Solamum tuberosum 'Dejima') plantlets were investigated on culture type and initial quantity of inoculation in bioreactor and survival rate by hydroponics for mass production. rode stems (1 to 1.5cm in length) of potato plantlets multiplied in vitro were grown for 3 weeks in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with sucrose $30 g\; L^{-1}$. When plantlets (80-node inoculation) were raised in 10L balloon type bubble (BB) bioreactor, the healthiest growth of plantlets was obtained from explants cultured in ebb & flow culture with medium supplied periodically 12 times per day. The suitable inoculation quantity of 20L BB bioreactor was 120 pieces of stem segments (mean 2.2g fresh weight) in ebb & flow culture. Number of nodal shoot was eight on the average. In controlled culture room, survival rate of plantlets at 7 days after stem cutting was above $70\%$ when they were acclimatized by hydroponics grown in deep flow and solid medium culture. The highest survival rate of the stem cutting plantlets was in nutrient solution adjusted to EC $1.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Stem cutting plantlets through one culture could be obtained $670\~900$, when plantlets were grown in ebb & flow culture during 3 weeks using a 20L bioreactor with initial 120 pieces of nodal segments. 11 is possible In do mass production of seedlings cultured in bioreactor and hydroponics.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.18 no.8
• /
• pp.980-987
• /
• 2015

Most of cultural area which people enjoy and consume is kitsch culture, though the culture is barely acknowledged. In this multimedia era, people create, publish and enjoy contents of 'webtoon(web+cartoon)', which is relatively faster and more convenient to enjoy comparing to published cartoon. Contrarily to its physical growth, the webtoon shows difficulty in advancing with other genres, is full of irritative factors and contents, and has tough time to become more sophisticated one. This study derived characteristics of kitsch in webtoon, suggested the way of webtoon as an art by analyzing conditions and usage motivation of webtoon. The conditions of kitsch are uniformity of mass consumption, popular vein, catharsis, vicarious satisfaction, immediate feedback-requiring image flood, and reproduction of techniques. The usage motivations of webtoon are studied as pursuit of information, entertainment, relaxation, socialization, convenience, and effectiveness. Usage motivation factors in webtoon and kitsch culture are almost identical. Contrary to its past of being underestimated and vulgarly considered, kitsch is acknowledged as an 'kitsch art'. By studying the process of becoming an art, the study has its purpose to suggest the experimental and developing way to make webtoon be acknowledged as 'webtoon art'.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.30-41
• /
• 2011

The influences of the agitation as well as the addition of medium during culture on the production of embryos were invested in isolated microspore culture of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). When the culture medium was added during initial liquid culture step of liquid-double layer culture, the embryo yield and quality greatly increased. The most effective time point for medium addition was 5 days after the culture commenced. On the other hand, the effect of medium addition at later double layer culture step in liquid-double layer culture on the embryo production was less compared to that of medium addition during the initial liquid culture step. Agitating the culture for 1 week during later double layer culture step in liquid-double layer culture effectively increased the production of normal cotyledonary embryos. In the case of liquid culture, agitating the culture for 1 week from 7 days after the culture commenced was also effective for embryo development. However, when the total agitation time was longer (2 to 3 weeks) during liquid-double layer culture or liquid culture, the embryos developed abnormally in both cases. The normal cotyledonary embryos obtained in this study successfully developed to plants when transferred to regeneration media. These regenerated plants were either diploid or haploid, and there was a difference in the number of chloroplasts between guard cells of diploid and haploid. These results can be used as an important data for developing an efficient microspore culture system with high quality embryo production in hot pepper.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.1336-1340
• /
• 2007

The regeneration and growth of bulblets from the bulb scale segments of Hyacinthus orientalis L. cv. Pink Pearl were more efficient in IBA than IAA at the same concentrations (1.0 and 3.0 mg/l). The normal (base-down) orientation of explants was more effective for bulblet regeneration and root growth than the inverted (base-up) orientation. The growth of bulblets and roots was increased higher in the perlite than the agar medium. These results suggested that the alternate culture system, first cultured in the agar medium for bulblet regeneration, and then in the perlite medium for bulblet growth, may be more useful for efficient in vitro culture of hyacinth (H. orientalils) cv. Pink Pearl.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.39-63
• /
• 2021

This study suggested following specialized strategies to be operated in additionally constructing a library, based on a variety of cultural properties and contents, which exist in Dong-gu, Incheon, and the Dong-gu development zone proposed by 'Dong-gu Master Plan 2022'. First, it attempted to select specialized themes based on local characteristics such as cultural properties and contents by each region, by dividing Dong-gu in Incheon into four areas: culture tourism/theme tourism, historical culture, central commercial and infrastructure industry area. Second, it proposed a specialized theme and strategy for children's library to be completed in 2022 by considering the local characteristics. Third, it also suggested the specialized strategy which the representative library should pursue, by considering the social characteristics of Dong-gu.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.362-371
• /
• 2019

Plant phenotype is affected by a community of associated microorganisms which requires dissection of the functional fraction. In this study, we aimed to culture the functionally active fraction of an upland soil microbiome, which can suppress tomato bacterial wilt. The microbiome fraction (MF) from the rhizosphere of Hawaii 7996 treated with an upland soil or forest soil MF was successively cultured in a designed modified M9 (MM9) medium partially mimicking the nutrient composition of tomato root exudates. Bacterial cells were harvested to amplify V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene for QIIME based sequence analysis and were also treated to Hawaii 7996 prior to Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation. The disease progress indicated that the upland MM9 $1^{st}$ transfer suppressed the bacterial wilt. Community analysis revealed that species richness was declined by successive cultivation of the MF. The upland MM9 $1^{st}$ transfer harbored population of phylum Proteobacteria (98.12%), Bacteriodetes (0.69%), Firmicutes (0.51%), Actinobacteria (0.08%), unidentified (0.54%), Cyanobacteria (0.01%), FBP (0.001%), OD1 (0.001%), Acidobacteria (0.005%). The family Enterobacteriaceae of Proteobacteria was the dominant member (86.76%) of the total population of which genus Enterobacter composed 86.76% making it a potential candidate to suppress bacterial wilt. The results suggest that this mixed culture approach is feasible to harvest microorganisms which may function as biocontrol agents.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.118-121
• /
• 2005

Arylsulfatase cloned from a marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora, was over-expressed in Escherichia coli. Most of the recombinant arylsulfatase was found in the cell lysate with induction up to $10{\mu}M$ IPTG. However, enzyme activity was observed both in the culture supernatant and cell lysate by induction with IPTG concentration of $50-5,000{\mu}M$. Most of the recombinant enzyme was localized in the periplasmic space with $10{\mu}M$ IPTG induction, while half of the enzyme was distributed in the periplasmic space with $50{\mu}M$ IPTG induction. Cell growth and arylsulfatase activity did not change with the induction time, and the level of recombinant arylsulfatase expression was maintained at 4-5 U/mL after 6 to 14 hr of culture.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.314-322
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to identify the influential factors of bullying of intensive care nurses and to suggest a final structural model based on identified relationships between nursing organizational culture, authentic leadership, self-esteem, and bullying in the workplace. Methods: Data were collected from 221 nurses at intensive care units in eight general hospitals using structured questionnaires and analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results: In this study, the average of bullying in the workplace was 1.34±0.40, nursing organizational culture was 3.31±0.47, self-esteem was 2.79±0.44, and authentic leadership was 3.61±0.60. The factors affecting nursing organizational culture were authentic leadership (β=.54, p<.001) and self-esteem (β=.24, p=.002) that had direct positive effects on the nursing organizational culture. The nursing organizational culture had also a direct effect on reducing workplace bullying (β=-.45, p<.001). Authentic leadership (β=-.24, p=.004) and self-esteem (β=-.11, p=.004) had indirect effects on workplace bullying, which was mediated by the nursing organizational culture. Conclusion: To understand and reduce workplace bullying, evaluating a nursing organizational culture should be preceded. Based on the finding of this study, an intervention for increasing authentic leadership and self-esteem of nurses can positively help to create the nursing organizational culture and then reduce workplace bullying.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.163-167
• /
• 2004

The effects of sucrose concentration on the secretion of hGM-CSF, total protein and protease into the medium were investigated in transgenic tobacco cells. The dry cell weight (11.22 g/L), hGM-CSF (181.53 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) and total protein (66.8 mg/L) were detected as highest at 30 g/L sucrose and protease activity (2660 U/L) was highest at 120 g/L sucrose after 5-day culture. However after 10-day culture, the maximum dry cell weight (28.36 g/L) was found at 60 g/L sucrose while the maximum hGM-CSF (95 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) was appeared at 150 g/L sucrose. The total protein and protease activity was secreted as 52.28mg/L and 3430 U/L, respectively in the same culture.