• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.793-802
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• 1997

A clinical analysis was performed on 52 cases of tuberculous pleurisy experienced in the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery and department of medicine, Chosun University Hospital during a period from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1995. Among them, male was 39 cases, female was 13 cases, with age ranged from 7 to 73 years. The common symptoms were chest pain 75%, dyspnea 59.6%, cough 55.8%. The most common diagnostic tool was pleural biopsy. The protein levels in the tuberculous pleural effusion were 0.9∼6.5 gmojo, and ratios of effusion protein to serum protein were 0.48 ∼ 1.06. The glucose levels in the tuberculous pleural effusion were 37∼ 112 mg%. The LDH levels in the tuberculous pleural effusion were 80 ∼ 2440 unitlml, and ratios of tuberculous p eural effusion LDH to serum LDH were 0.48 ∼ 1.03. The ADA levels in the tuberculous pleural effusion were 24-63 lU/L. The common surgical methods of treatment in the tuberculous pleurisy were closed thoracostomy in 18 cases(66.7%), and thoracentesis in 5 cases(18.5%). This study compares the clinical results of group A and group B. There were no significant differences for age and sex, lag period from initial symptoms to admission, diagnostic method, and protein, pH, LDH, glucose, ADA levels in tuberculous pleural effusion. Authors noted that the discharge after admission on the tuberculous pleurisy was more faster in patients with surgical treatment than in patients with only medical treatment. (Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;30:793-802)

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.336-345
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• 2002

In this study, we have screened $Eu^{3+}$- and $Tb^{3+}$-activated candidate phosphors for PDP in the sys-tems of CaO-Gd$_2$O$_3$-Al$_2$O$_3$ by combinatorial chemistry and investigated the synthetic temperature, optimum com-position and luminescent properties about the candidate phosphors. To construct the emission intensity library by VUV PL, we have synthesized 210 different compositional samples using a polymerized-complex method. Good luminescent samples were identified by X-ray diffraction method. $Ca_$\alpha$$G$d_{0.95-$\alpha$-$\beta$}Al_$\beta$O_$\delta$$ : Eu(0.02< $\alpha$+$\beta$ <0.04) phos-phors screened as a red phosphor have good color purity than commercial phosphor. In the candidate phosphors of CaGdAl$_3O_7$ : Tb, Ca$Al_{12}O_{19}$ : Tb, Gd$_4$Al$_2O_9$ : Tb, and Gd$_3Al_5O_{12}$ : Tb CaGdAl$_3O_7$ : Tb, and Ca$Al_{12}O_{19}$ : Tb have shorter decay time than commercial phosphor.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.453-459
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• 2000

FED has deserved an intensive attentioD as a new flat panel display. The present investigationaims at undemtanding the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescent properties of hGaO$_3$: $Eu^{3+}$ phosphor bytaking into account the possibility that this phosphor could be applied for FED. In onler to investigate on.sucha detailed behavior; 8everM experimental skil18 Je conducted to the LaGaO$_3$:$Eu^{3+}$ phosphoL The excimtion srectrum artd emission spectmn were rnezsured in the UV range and then decay curve of $^5D_0$+$^7F_j$transitions\vas examined. The decay behavior of $^5D_0$ emission was anMyzed by a newly Iuoposed cross-relaxation mech-ani8In in asswiation with inteFwnter di1ffision (or migration). The cross-mlaxation from $^5D_0$ to CTB (Cha'geTransfer Band) wuld be a quite retsonable by considering the excitation spectrum. It could be also found thatthe quenching type was changed from ditfrsion controlled process to the direct quenching process -s inJeasing $Eu^{3+}$ oncntration.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.308-314
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• 2012

Two hundred and twenty three yeast strains were randomly isolated from Korean traditional $nuruk$. Among them, six urease producing yeast strains (designated JJA, JJB, JJ22, SHA, SHC and SH10) were selected on the Christensen urea agar plates. They showed the same pattern in the PCR-RFLP analysis of the ITS I-5.8S-ITS II region digested with $Hae$III and $HinF$1 restriction endonucleases. Its DNA sequences showed 100% (strains SHA, SHC and SH10) and 99.8% (strains JJA, JJB and JJ22) identity with those of $Issatchenkia$ $orientalis$ type strain ATCC 24210. Phylogenetic analysis resulted in that all the strains were closely related to $I.$ $orientalis$. Two representative strains, JJ22 and SH10, showing the highest urease activities were selected for further characterization. Their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were also the same as $I.$ $orientalis$. Therefore, both the two strains were identified as $I.$ $orientalis$. They could grow at a wide range of temperature between $20-40^{\circ}C$ as well as pH between 2.0 and 10.0. However, a higher level urease activity were obtained at acidic pH than that at alkalic pH. The maximal level of urease activity was obtained at $30^{\circ}C$ (strain SH10) or $35^{\circ}C$ (strain JJ22) and in a liquid medium adjusted to the initial pH 5.0.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal and internal gap of metal coping fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) group and subtractive manufacturing (SM) group by dental computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems. Twenty same cases of stone models of abutment teeth 16 by the universal numbering system were manufactured and scanned. Ten metal copings of control group were fabricated using SM and ten metal coping of experimental group were fabricated using AM. Marginal and internal gap of copings were measured using the silicone replica technique and digital microscope (${\times}140$). The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0 Statistical Software for independent samples t-test (${\alpha}=0.05$). Mean${\pm}$ standard deviation (SD) of marginal and internal gap total size of SM group was $101.00{\pm}40.33{\mu}m$ of AM group was $83.61{\pm}40.37{\mu}m$. Mean${\pm}$SD of marginal and internal gap total size of SM group was significantly greater than that of AM group (p<0.05). This study showed that AM metal copings had a better marginal and internal gap than SM metal copings.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2011

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) from the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis was analysed immunologically to obtain insights into the structural relationships between plant PAL and fungal PAL and between PAL and histidine ammonia-lyase (HAL). Cross-reactivity was found among all the PAL proteins from different species tested, using antibodies raised against both plant and fungal PALs. Both anti-Alfalfa and anti-popular PAL antibodies strongly recognized plant PALs but only weakly recognized fungal PALs. Antibodies raised against U. maydis PAL only weakly recognized the Rhodotorula glutinis yeast PAL. The anti-U. maydis PAL antibodies showed low affinity for the plant PALs but they bound strongly to Pseudomonas bacterial HAL. Significant cross-reactivity between the two plant PAL antibodies and the bacterial HAL was also observed. Both the anti-Ustilago PAL and the anti-poplar PAL antibodies displayed similar enzyme inhibition patterns, including moderate inhibition of bacterial HAL activity. However, the bacterial HAL antibody inhibited only Ustilago PAL. The PAL and HAL antibodies tested showed no inhibition against yeast PAL. This is first report on the immunological relationships between PAL and HAL.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.243-252
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• 2001

Milk constituents and somatic cell count (SCC) were analysed for 4,059 milk samples from 178 dairy farms from April to December in 1999. Correlations among each milk constituents, milk urea (MU) concentration and SCC in association with lactation stage, milk yield and parity, and balancing status of nutrients' supplies were analysed, and the results are summarized as follows; Averages of milk fat percent, total solids percent and milk yield were $3.72{\pm}0.91%$, $12.50{\pm}1.31%$ and $23.80{\pm}8.54kg$, respectively, whereas those were significantly lower during the summer season. In contrast, average of MU concentration was $0.0361{\pm}0.0006%$ which was significantly higher during the summer season. With milk yield, concentrations of fat, protein and SCC in milk decreased but concentrations of lactose and urea in milk and body condition score (BCS) were not altered. Concentrations of fat, protein, lactose, total solids, SNF, and urea in milk were significantly affected by stage of lactation ($P{\leq}0.0001$) but SCC was not changed. Parity of dairy cows had a significant effect on concentrations of fat ($P{\leq}0.02$), lactose ($P{\leq}0.0001$), total solids ($P{\leq}0.002$), and SNF ($P{\leq}0.0001$) in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0005$) but did not change concentrations of urea and protein in milk. Somatic cell count had significant positive correlationship with percentages of fat, protein and total solids ($P{\leq}0.0001$), respectively, but had negative correlationship with percentages of urea and lactose in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0001$). Milk urea concentration was negatively correlated with concentrations of protein, fat, total solids, and SNF in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0001$) and, according to regression analysis using milk urea concentration and SCC, following equation was obtained; $Y(MU)=3.688{\times}10^{-2}-4.04{\times}10^{-7}{\times}X(SCC{\times}1,000)(r^2=0.0038$, $P{\leq}0.0001$). We studied balance between protein and energy supplies to dairy cows in each farm based upon milk urea and protein concentrations, and results showed that 137 of total 178 farms fed cows unbalanced amounts of dietary protein and energy.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.211-230
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• 2016

The study aimed to investigate the characteristics of algebraic thinking of the mathematically gifted students and search for how to teach algebraic thinking. Research subjects in this study included 93 students who applied for a science gifted education center affiliated with a university in 2015 and previously experienced gifted education. Students' responses on an algebraic item of a creative thinking test in mathematics, which was given as screening process for admission were collected as data. A framework of algebraic thinking factors were extracted from literature review and utilized for data analysis. It was found that students showed difficulty in quantitative reasoning between two quantities and tendency to find solutions regarding equations as problem solving tools. In this process, students tended to concentrate variables on unknown place holders and to had difficulty understanding various meanings of variables. Some of students generated errors about algebraic concepts. In conclusions, it is recommended that functional thinking including such as generalizing and reasoning the relation among changing quantities is extended, procedural as well as structural aspects of algebraic expressions are emphasized, various situations to learn variables are given, and activities constructing variables on their own are strengthened for improving gifted students' learning and teaching algebra.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.893-897
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• 2005

Effect of foliar application of stevia extract on strawberry quality was investigated. Soluble solid and free sugar contents of strawberry (SS) cultivated with foliar application of stevia extract were higher, and acidity and organic acid contents were lower than those of control. Free sugars were composed of fructose, glucose, and sucrose. Organic acids were composed of citric, malic, oxalic, succinic, and fumaric acids. Sensory evaluation revealed score of sweetness, sourness, and overall acceptability for SS were higher than those of control.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.97-106
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• 2007

The present study was attempted to investigate the effect of nicorandil, which is an ATP-sensitive potassium ($K_{ATP}$) channel opener, on secretion of catecholamines (CA) evoked by cholinergic stimulation and membrane depolarization from the isolated perfused rat adrenal glands. The perfusion of nicorandil ($0.3{\sim}3.0mM$) into an adrenal vein for 90 min produced relatively dose-and time-dependent inhibition in CA secretion evoked by ACh (5.32 mM), high $k^+$ (a direct membrane depolarizer, 56 mM), DMPP (a selective neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist, $100{\mu}M$ for 2 min), McN-A-343 (a selective muscarinic $M_1$ receptor agonist, $100{\mu}M$ for 4 min), Bay-K-8644 (an activator of L-type dihydropyridine $Ca^{2+}$ channels, $10{\mu}M$ for 4 min) and cyclopiazonic acid (an activator of cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase, $10{\mu}M$ for 4 min). In adrenal glands simultaneously preloaded with nicorandil (1.0 mM) and glibenclamide (a nonspecific $K_{ATP}$-channel blocker, 1.0 mM), the CA secretory responses evoked by ACh, high potassium, DMPP, McN-A-343, Bay-K-8644 and cyclopiazonic acid were recovered to the considerable extent of the control release in comparison with that of nicorandil-treatment only. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that nicorandil inhibits the adrenal CA secretion in response to stimulation of cholinergic (both nicotinic and muscarinic) receptors as well as by membrane depolarization from the isolated perfused rat adrenal glands. It seems that this inhibitory effect of nicorandil may be mediated by inhibiting both $Ca^{2+}$ influx and the $Ca^{2+}$ release from intracellular store through activation of $K_{ATP}$ channels in the rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. These results suggest that nicorandil-sensitive $K_{ATP}$ channels may play an inhibitory role in the regulation of the rat adrenomedullary CA secretion.