• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.173-182
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• 2011

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a stress-related mental disorder induced by severe external stressors such as assault, disaster or severe accident. We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on short-term memory in relation to apoptosis and cell proliferation in the hippocampus following PTSD. Stress to the pregnant rats was induced by exposure of maternal rats to the hunting dog in an enclosed room. Exposure time was 10 min, repeated three times per day, with 1 hour interval. Exposure of maternal rats to the hunting dog was continued 7 days after pregnancy until delivery. The pregnant rats in the exercise groups were forced to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day for the same duration of stress exposure. Step-down avoidance task for short-term memory, western blot for Bcl-2, Bax, and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), and Ki-67 were conducted. Maternal rats exposed to stress during pregnancy showed short-term memory impairment. Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in the hippocampus were increased in the PTSD rats. Cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was decreased in the PTSD rats. Treadmill exercise alleviated short-term memory impairment and suppressed expressions of Bax, the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and caspase-3. Treadmill exercise also increased cell proliferation. The present results indicate that treadmill exercise alleviated PTSD-induced short-term memory impairment by suppressing apoptotic cell death and enhancing cell proliferation in the hippocampus.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2001

Depending on the degree of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, there are inconsistent values in the serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI), hematology, and serology. To determine the correlation between those values and complete pancreatic insufficiency, 10 pancreatectomized dogs as the treated group and 10 sham operation dogs as control group were used. The entire treated group showed significant decrease in serum TLI level from 2.63$\pm$0.20 ng/ml (day 0) to 1.81$\pm$0.43 ng/ml at day 1 after the pancreatectomy (p<0.05) and the decline maintained till the end of the experiment. Blood glucose level gradually increased, but albumin level showed significant decrease (p<0.05) at day 1 and maintained the decline. Three clinical signs were observed such as depression, vomiting, and diarrhea. The entire treated group showed diarrhea throughout the experiment, but depression and vomiting were gradually diminished. The activity of serum alkaline phosphatase in the treated group increased till day 2 then decreased, on the other hand, control group showed continuous increase till day 4, and then decreased. Only experimental group showed the increased alanine aminotransferase activity at day 1. Serum lipase activity in the treated group jumped up at day 1 and then dropped down, which was even lower than the control. Regarding serum amlyase activity gradually decreased. According to these results, the assay of trypsin-like immunoreactivity showed the consistent result, so it suggests that TLI is an useful tool to determine the pancreatic exocrine function and possible diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency compared to the simple assay of plasma amylase and lipase.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.498-501
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• 2012

A 10-month-old intact male Maltese dog (body weight, 1.6 kg) presented with intermittent cough and abnormal heart sounds. The dog was diagnosed with a left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on the basis of the results of transthoracic echocardiography, color flow Doppler examination, and angiography. Transcatheter occlusion of the PDA was performed using the $Amplatz^{(R)}$ Canine Duct Occluder (ACDO) via the femoral artery. The device was placed under fluoroscopic guidance and successfully occluded the PDA. The continuous heart murmur disappeared immediately after the correction and no residual flow was detected. The dog was discharged the following day and regularly examined for complications and safety. This is the first report demonstrating the clinical application of ACDO for the transcatheter closure of PDA via the femoral artery in a small-breed dog in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.315-319
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• 2007

Transgastric endoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully accomplished in a 1-year-old, 15 kg, female, mongrel dog. Single-working channel flexible gastric endoscope was used with the aid of one abdominal laparoscopic port. Gastrotomy was performed using endoscopic needle knife at the ventral antral region. Through the gastric incision endoscope was advanced and retroflexed for the visualization of gallbladder. For the better exposure of surgical field, gentle traction was applied at the fundus of the gallbladder using laparoscopic grasping forceps. Cystic duct and artery was ligated using endoclips. After transecting the duct and artery, gallbladder was dissected using endoscopic coagulating grasping forceps and needle knife. Resected gallbladder was retrieved through the mouth and gastric incision site was sutured using endoclips. There was no evidence of bile leakage or stomach leakage on postoperative day (POD) 3. On POD 16, gastric endoscopy and laparoscopy was performed. Gastric endoscopy revealed complete adhesion of incision site. The content of the peritoneum appeared healthy, with no sign of infection, bile staining, or organ injury. The omentum was adhered over resected gallbladder fossa and the serosal surface of gastrotomy site. This is the first report of NOTES cholecystectomy in the dog and provides new concept of cholecystectomy of the dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2021

A 6-year-old, spayed female, Maltese dog with tachypnea and dry cough was presented to Gyeongsang National University Veterinary Medical Teaching hospital. On physical examination, its respiration rate was 132 per minute. Decreased partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and hyperlactatemia were found on arterial blood gas analysis. Its diastolic blood pressure was 80 mmHg. Auscultation revealed arrhythmia. Electrocardiogram revealed P pulmonale, P mitrale, and ventricular premature complexes. Thoracic radiographs revealed mild enlargement of both atrium and moderate enlargement of the left ventricular. There was also a moderate alveolar pattern in the right and caudal part of the left cranial lung lobe. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed enlargement of generalized four chambers without remarkable findings of valvular degeneration. M-mode echocardiography showed decreased left ventricular fractional shortening and enlarged left ventricular internal diameter at both end-systolic and end-diastolic. Color-flow Doppler imaging revealed eccentric turbulent flow starting below the left ventricular outflow tract and extending into the left atrium during systole. Spectral Doppler recordings revealed a high velocity flow through the mitral, tricuspid, aorta, and pulmonic regurgitation. Restrictive transmitral flow revealed high E-wave velocity, short E-wave deceleration time, and reduced A-wave velocity. There was also low ejection velocity thorough left ventricular out tract flow. Based on echocardiographic examination, dilated cardiomyopathy was the tentative diagnosis. The dog was medicated with inotropes, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and diuretics. At the 10-day following-up, the dog died suddenly. This report describes echocardiographic diagnosis and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy rarely reported in small breed dogs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.92-92
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• 2002

Considerable attention has been focused on the cryopreservation of semen and estrus induction in dog, as consequence of poor productivity caused by long anestrus period, in order to enhance the productivity of youngs and to preserve the breeds. The objectives of this study were to evaluate semen quality after cryopreservation and to evaluate the Pregnancy rate after insemination (AI). Fifty infertilie dogs (age 2∼3 years) were selected for the study and divided into three different estrus induction treatment groups. Group 1: dogs (n=15) were given clomifene (0.1 mg/kg) orally for five days at 12 hr intervals. Group 2: dogs (n=15) were given bromocriptine (50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) orally for five days at 12 hr intervals, followed by single injection intravenously of 500 IU GnRH (Group 3, n=20) when pro-estrus occurred. The rates of pregnancy in estrus inducted dogs mated naturally compared to those inseminated artificially with ejaculated fresh semen and frozen-thawed semen. Estrus detection was performed using the method of vaginal smear and confirmed by the plasma progesterone assay. The ejaculated semen to freeze was exposed to a mixture of Tris extender with cryoprotectant (Trisma, 81 mM: TES, 209 mM: citric acid, 6 mM; glucose, 5 mM; glycerol, 8%) and cryopreserved gradually by slow-cooling at 17 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen (LN$_2$) for 23 min. The motility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa was assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. To assess their viability and acrosome content, spermatozoa were stained with a vital stain and Fluorescence conjugated lectin Pisum Savitum Agglutinin (FITC/PAS), respectively. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasonograpy on day 25, 35 and 55 post insemination. The use of fresh semen, the pregnancy rates were observed 66.6, 66.6, 75.0 and 83.3% in natural estrus, clomifene induced, bromocriptine induced and a combination of GnRH and bromocriptine, respectively. The use of frozen-thawed semen, the pregnancy rates were observed 66.6, 33.3, 50.0 and 60.0% in natural estrus, clomifene induced, bromocriptine induced and a combination of GnRH and bromocriptine, respectively. No difference was observed in the number of offspring produced among natural estrus and treated groups inseminated with fresh or frozen-thawed semen. In conclusion, the pregnancy rate of dogs treated with a combination of GnRH and bromocriptine was more effective than use of clomifene or bromocriptine only. In addition, frozen-thawed semen can be used successfully far artificial insemination in dog.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 1972

A strain of Brucella showing the characteristics of Br. suis was isolated from a 55 day-old aborated fetus of a German Shepherd and the cause of the abortion was considered due to brucellosis. A considerable number of dog sera collected at the slaughter house in Taegu city showed antibody titers of 1:80 or more to Br. suis, and serum from the aborted dog 1:320 to Br. suis in titer.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.312-321
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• 2007

Purpose: Distraction osteogenesis has been applied to the maxillofacial implantology and good experimental and clinical results have been reported. However, histologic studies of implants placement on distraction osteogenesis of atrophic alveolar ridges are scarce. In this study, we compare the bone formation between in the transport part and in the distraction part by histomorphometric analysis. Materials & methods: Three adult beagle dogs were served as experimental subjects. The 2 premolars and 1st molar were extracted on the Lt. side of mandible in each beagle dog. After one month later, osteotomy was performed and distraction device was adapted. Distraction was performed with gradual incremental separation of two bone pieces at a rate of 1.0mm per day for 5 days. During consolidation phase, new bone was formed in the distraction zone between the separated bone pieces. 5 weeks after distraction phase, 3 implants were placed in each beagle dog. The implants were inserted through transport part and distraction part and inferior basal bone. The animals were sacrificed at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after implant placement. BIC and BA of implants on distraction part and transport part were measured histomorphometrically. Results: BIC, BA increased after implant placement as time goes by passes and new bone formation was slightly higher in transport part than in distraction part at 2 weeks, 4 weeks after implant placement. At 12 weeks after implant placement, BIC, BA of were 74%, 61% in transport part and 77%, 59% in distraction part, therefore there were no difference in BIC and BA between transport part and distraction part at 12 weeks after implant placement.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.366-370
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• 2013

A 7-month-old Pomeranian presented with non-weight bearing lameness on the right pelvic limb. Physical examination revealed pain on extension of the right hip joint, and serum chemistry results showed an increased concentration of creatine kinase. Radiographic findings at admission included a weak radiolucent line on the right femoral head and widening of the right hip joint space, and mild displacement of the right capital femoral epiphysis was additionally identified on day 14. Computed tomography (CT) showed a decreased Hounsfield Unit measurement and a fracture line on the right femoral head. Early stage Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) was diagnosed and femoral head and neck ostectomy was performed on the right femur. A fracture fissure and osteophytes at the epiphyseal plate of the femoral head were identified surgically. Necrosis in the femoral metaphysis and epiphysis was observed histologically. This case report describes the radiography, CT images, and surgical and histological findings in a dog with early stage LCPD.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.472-475
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• 2009

A 3-year old, female Cocker Spaniel dog was referred to Seoul National University Hospital for Animals with depression and vomiting. The dog was diagnosed as hypoadrenocorticism based on the typical electrolyte alteration and the result of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. Initial treatment with oral fludrocortisone at a dose rate of 0.02 mg/kg/q24h for 6 weeks period was ineffective at maintaining serum electrolyte concentrations within normal limits. Although a dose rate of oral fludrocortisone was significantly increased up to 0.06 mg/kg/q24h during 24 weeks period, the treatment was still ineffective. Moreover, the patient showed side effects related to the glucocorticoid excess including PU/PD, weight gain and lipemia. After alternation with desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP, 2.2 mg/kg, IM) every 25 day, the clinical signs was disappeared and the electrolyte balance was maintain with no side effect. Therefore, DOCP may be suggested as an effective drug in canine hypoadrenocorticism uncontrolled with oral fludrocortisone.