• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 2013

Yellow clay dispersion has been applied to minimize fisheries impact by the red tide Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms in Korean coasts since 1995. The present preliminary study documents the effect of yellow clay on Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, in terms of oxygen consumption rate (OCR). The OCR in the low clay suspension (0.05 and 0.23 %, w/w) showed normal level compared to the control. In contrast, the OCR for each one of three replicates in the high clay suspension (1.16 and 5.58 %, w/w) was not returned to the previous level that clay was not treated, indicating that high clay suspension (${\geq}1.16%$, w/w) might give negative effect on Korean rockfish. Overall, this result suggests that field application of clay to control Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) may not give impact on Korean rockfish once the clay is dispersed in a low concentration (${\leq}0.23%$). In order to understand the changes of OCR in the repeated exposure to clay, it is required to do further studies on the changes of OCR when the fish is exposed to clay repeatedly after recovery in the normal seawater.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2010

A draft tube which has impeller to elevate bottom water and spread it over surface of lake water, induces convective circulation of lake water, a Long-Distance Circulation (LDC). Circulation of lake water make stratified water mixed and enhance DO (Dissolved Oxygen) of bottom water. Circulation rate of water is determined by draft rate of the tube, which is dependent on design parameters of the draft tube system, i. e. dimension of impeller and diffuser, inclined angle of impeller, impeller shape, and rotational speed. In this study, change in draft rate and power consumption of circulation equipment was investigated numerically with changing impeller dimension, angle and rotational speed. It was found that flowrate of draft water was increased as the dimensions of draft tube and impeller, and rotational speed and inclined angle of impeller increased. The power consumption was also elevated with increasing parameter values, and final selection of parameter values was made to satisfy target flowrates and power consumption.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.26-47
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• 2014

The paper examined effect of age cohort on life cycle financial planning. A total of 990 questionnaires were distributed with a 55.2% return rate. Seven hypotheses were analysed using hierarchical and ordinary regression analysis. The results revealed that age cohort variables made significant contribution to life cycle financial planning as well as personal orientation towards retirement planning, particularly the younger age cohort. Age cohorts do affect personal orientation towards retirement planning with the confidence level making a significant impact. Current financial resources do have a strong positive impact on consumption for all age cohorts. On the other hand, no significant effect was found between age cohorts and current financial resources but older age cohorts were relatively more significant predictors. The implication was that not only should their individual perceptions of financial planning become an increasingly important part of people's long-term commitment throughout their life-cycle, it must also assume the role as a self-directed life-long learning process, in view of the ever-changing and complicated financial environment.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2014

Oxygen consumption is a useful parameter for evaluating mammalian embryo quality, since individual bovine embryos was noninvasively quantified by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Recently, several approaches have been used to measure the oxygen consumption rates of individual embryos, but relationship between oxygen consumption and pregnancy rates of Hanwoo following embryo transfer has not yet been reported. In this study, we measured to investigate the correlation between oxygen consumption rate and pregnancy rates of Hanwoo embryo using a SECM. In addition to, the expression of pluripotent gene and anti-oxidant enzyme was determined using real-time PCR by extracting RNA according to the oxygen consumption of in vivo embryo. First, we found that the oxygen consumption significantly increased in blastocyst-stage embryos (blastocyst) compared to early blastocyst stage embryos, indicating that oxygen consumption reflects the embryo quality (Grade I). Oxygen consumption of blastocyst was measured using a SECM and total cell number of in vitro blastocyst was enumerated by counting cells stained by propidium iodide. The oxygen consumption or GI blastocysts were significantly higher than those of GII blastocysts ($10.2{\times}10^{15}/mols^{-1}$ versus $6.4{\times}10^{15}/mols^{-1}$, p<0.05). Total cell numbers of in vitro blastocysts were 74.8, 90.7 and 110.2 in the oxygen consumption of below 10.0, 10.0~12.0 and over $12.0{\sim}10^{15}/mols^{-1}$, respectively. Pregnant rate in recipient cow was 0, 60 and 80% in the transplantation of embryo with the oxygen consumption of below 10.0, 10.0~12.0 and over $12.0{\times}10^{15}/mols^{-1}$, respectively. GPX1 and SOD1 were significantly increased in over -10.0 group than below 10.0 groups but in catalase gene, there was no significant difference. On the other hand, In OCT-4 and Sox2, pluripotent gene, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the below-10.0 ($0.98{\pm}0.1$) and over 10.0 ($1.79{\pm}0.2$). In conclusion, these results suggest that measurement of oxygen consumption maybe help increase the pregnant rate of Hanwoo embryos.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.725-732
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• 2020

The sudden drop of water temperature in winter is very threatening factor that affects the productivity of farmed fish and the management in aquafarm. In this study, we investigated the effect of low temperature on the survival, oxygen consumption and stress responses of parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus due to acute drop of water temperature. The survival rate of parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus was 5% at 6℃, 95% at 8℃ and 100% at 10℃ on the 4^th day of exposure in each experimental temperature. Low-lethal temperature for 4days of parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus (4 day-LT₅₀) was 6.99℃ (confidence limit, 6.55-7.42℃). Oxygen consumption rate was significantly decreased with decreasing water temperature. Temperature coefficient (Q₁₀) was found to be 4.0 between 10℃ and 8℃ and 0.39 between 8℃ and 6℃. As a result of investigating the stress response according to the drop in water temperature, the concentration of SOD (Superoxide dismutase), cortisol, glucose, total Ig, AST (Aspartate) and ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) increased with decreasing of water temperature. This study would be useful for the management of temperature about cultured fish.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 2000

In this paper, the effect of magnetic field was measured on NOx(NO+NO2) removal and consumption power for wire-plate plasma reactor with magnetic field applied to electric field vertically. NOx of the simulated diesel engine flue gas were removed by the corona discharge generated by DC, AC and Pulsed voltages in wire-plate reactor. Consumption power increased with discharge voltage. However, when magnetic field was applied to electric field vertically, consumption power slightly decreased. NOx removal rate and arc transition voltage for plasma reactor with magnetic field were higher than those for plasma reactor without magnetic field. Consumption power decreased, however NOx removal significantly increased, when water vapour bubbled by dry air was put into simulated flue gas.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.19A no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2012

In the server cluster environment, one of the ways saving energy is to control server's power according to traffic conditions. This is to determine the ON/OFF state of servers according to energy usage of data center and each server. To do this, we need a way to estimate each server's energy. In this paper, we use a software-based power consumption estimation model because it is more efficient than the hardware model using power meter in terms of energy and cost. The traditional software-based power consumption estimation model has a drawback in that it doesn't know well the computing status of servers because it uses only the idle status field of CPU. Therefore it doesn't estimate consumption power effectively. In this paper, we present a CPU field based power consumption estimation model to estimate more accurate than the two traditional models (CPU/Disk/Memory utilization based power consumption estimation model and CPU idle utilization based power consumption estimation model) by using the various status fields of CPU to get the CPU status of servers and the overall status of system. We performed experiments using 2 PCs and compared the power consumption estimated by the power consumption model (software) with that measured by the power meter (hardware). The experimental results show that the traditional model has about 8-15% average error rate but our proposed model has about 2% average error rate.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2008

The ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii were collected from the Jinhae bay in Kyungnam, Korea from April 2006 to October 2007. To assess how much they have tolerance against hypoxia under the compound condition of temperature and salinity, survivorship, oxygen consumption rate and external features of Scapharca broughtonii were measured, The 7 days-$LC_{50}$ of dissolved oxygen (DO) for Scapharca broughtonii at $15^{\circ}C$-ordinary sea water and $26{\pm}1$ psu was 1.98mg/L (confidence limit: 1,45-2.39 mg/L) and 2.63mg/L (confidence limit: 1.76-3.37mg/L) respectively. Whereas 3 days-$LC_{50}$ at $25^{\circ}C$-ordinary sea water was 3.89mg/L (confidence limit: 3.36-4.55 mg/L) and 4 days-$LC_{50}$ at $25^{\circ}C-26{\pm}1$ psu was 3.74mg/L (confidence limit: 3.19-4,43 mg/L). Oxygen consumption rate with each experimental group was decreased during the period exposed to hypoxia. To recovery, they were replaced to ordinary and oxygen consumption rate was increased a little, but all died, The color of the umbo of shell in Scapharca broughtonii was changed dark during hypoxia. These data will provide important fundamental information for examining the causes of mass mortality of shellfish in the summer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.455-458
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• 2003

We investigated the leaching of elements from anthracite ashes by interactions with seawater. The results show that consumption rates of dissolved oxygen are 7.5 times greater in the seawater system than in the fresh water system and indicate that the differences in DO consumption rate may plat a role in regulating the element leaching from the coal ashes. It is revealed that seawater's pH buffering capacity is the most important factor that makes the leaching of elements and their chemical behaviors in the seawater system different from those in the fresh water environments. In overall, element leaching from the weathered ash is smaller than that from the fresh ash. However, the leaching of Si, Fe, Al, Mn, phosphate, and some other elements were independent of weathering. They were dependant only on the pH of the solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.227-239
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• 1998

The purpose of this stud was to investigate the degree of recognition as well as the consumption pattern of convenience food products, and related factors among 700 mixed Korean college students using written questionnaire. Students of Seoul region showed the significantly lowest rate of recognition at 36.7%. Results also showed that lifestyles have a significant effect on the degree of recognition of convenience foods. The consumption patterns of convenience foods goes as follows: used frequently-18.2%, once in awhile-73.9%, doesn't use-7.9%. The higher the recognition rate, the higher the consumption rate for convenience foods. When compared in terms of residence, students living at home used more refrigerated foods compared to students living outside of the home. Among the total students living outside of the home, students living on their own scored highest of convenience food consumption. In the case of female students living outside the home, respondents living alone and in dormitories scored the highest. Female students living in dormitories were mainly using refrigerated and canned foods, while those living alone consumed more kimbap and 'sa-bal-myun' in convenience stores. Korean college students mainly consumed frozen food, retort food, and kimbap in convenience stores. The college student that believes that 'You eat to satisfy hunger' significantly used more convenience food while those that marked 'maintain health' consumed the lowest showing a great difference between groups. Results showed that the lower the food habit score, the higher the usage score of convenience foods. The food habit score had a negative correlation with the usage of frozen foods, instant food, and convenience store food. When compared individually, packaged 'ramen' and 'sa-bal-myun' scored the highest points of usage. Frozen fried rice and pre-packaged rice scored the lowest points indicating Korean college students do not consider rice a convenience food. Convenience food consumed in convenience stores ranked the highest among places of consumption, compared to places like home or outdoors; showing that convenience foods were used by people with limited time constraints.