• Molecules and Cells
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.304-315
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• 2007

Fusarium graminearum causes a serious scab disease of small grains in Korea. The nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, Fusarium graminearum virus-DK21 (FgV-DK21), from F. graminearum strain DK21, which is associated with hypovirulence in F. graminearum, was determined and compared to the genome sequences of other mycoviruses, including Cryponectria hypoviruses. The FgV-DK21 dsRNA consists of 6,624 nucleotides, excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail. The viral genome has 53- and 46-nucleotide 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), respectively, and five putative open reading frames. A phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of ORF1, which encodes a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and those of other mycoviruses revealed that this organism forms a distinct virus clade with other hypoviruses, and is more distantly related to other mycoviruses (3.8 to 24.0% identity). However, pairwise sequence comparisons of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of ORFs 2 through 5 revealed no close relationships to other protein sequences currently available in GenBank. Analyses of RNA accumulation by Northern blot and primer extension indicated that these putative gene products are expressed from at least two different subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs), in contrast to the cases in other hypoviruses. This study suggests the existence of a new, as yet unassigned, genus of mycoviruses that exhibits a potex-like genome organization and sgRNA accumulation.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-81
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• 2023

Background: In order to assess the effectiveness of various analgesio-sedative combinations for pain relief and sedation in pediatric dental patients, a thorough evaluation of clinical studies and patient outcomes is necessary. Methods: A total of 128 healthy, uncooperative pediatric dental patients were randomly allocated to receive one of the four combinations of drugs via the intranasal (IN) route: Group I received midazolam-ketamine (MK), Group II received dexmedetomidine-ketamine (DK), Group III received midazolam-fentanyl (MF), and Group IV received dexmedetomidine-fentanyl (DF) in a parallel-arm study design. The efficacy and safety of the combinations were evaluated using different parameters. Results: The onset of sedation was significantly faster in the DF group than in the DK, MF, and MK groups (P < 0.001). The depth of sedation was significantly higher in the DK and DF groups than in the MK and MF groups (P < 0.01). DK and DF produced significant intra- and postoperative analgesia when compared with combinations of MK and MF. No significant adverse events were observed for any of the combinations. Conclusions: The DK and DF groups showed potential as analgesio-sedatives in view of their anxiolytic and analgesic effects.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.5-17
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to search out an relativeness to the apartment housing unit plans and the unit plans of rural houses. Unit plans data were collected from housing registration records or field survey methods. 45 rural plans and 53 apartment plans were analyzed. The results were as follows; First, the floor planning characteristics of rural houses were 'ㅋ'type of floor plan shape, 2.5 or 3 bay arrangement, L-DK type of social space, and the front entrance. Second, the floor planning characteristics of apartment houses were '-'type of floor plan shape, 2 bay arrangement, L...DK type of social space, and the side or rear entrance. Third, 3 bay arrangement method of rural houses effected to apartment houses, and L...DK type of apartment houses effected to rural houses. Utility or balcony spaces of rural houses was inversely effected from apartment houses.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2005

Putative genes for a two-component signal transduction system (akbS and akbT) were detected near the alkylbenzene-degrading operon of Rhodococcus sp. DK17. Sequence analysis indicates that AkbS possesses potential ATP-binding and histidine autophosphorylation sites in the N- and C-terminal regions, respectively, and that AkbT has a typical response regulator domain. Mutant analysis combined with RT-PCR experiments further shows that AkbS is required to induce the expression of o-xylene dioxygenase in DK17.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.128-135
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• 2019

Two euplotid ciliates, Euplotes encysticus Yonezawa, 1985 and E. rariseta Curds et al., 1974, were isolated from a freshwater pond called Mulgol in Dokdo of the East Sea and from Masan Bay/Jeju Island, Korea, respectively. Both species are redescribed based on live observations and protargol impregnation. Cells of Euplotes encysticus are asymmetrically oval, $63-79{\times}41-61{\mu}m$ in vivo and capable of encystment. The cells have 31-36 adoral zone of membranelles(AZM), 9 fronto-ventral cirri (FVC), 5 transverse cirri (TC), 2-3 caudal cirri (CC), 2 marginal cirri (MC), 7 dorsal kineties (DK), and 19-22 dorsal cilia in middle DK. The cells of Euplotes rariseta has a small ovoid form and are $32-44{\times}23-35{\mu}m$ in vivo, 18-22 AZM, 10 FVC, 5 TC, 2 CC, 1 MC and 6 DK.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.333-340
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• 2016

An alkaline protease was purified and characterized from an alkalophilic microorganism, Bacillus sp. DK1122, isolated from soil in central Korea. The optimum temperature and pH for the growth of the producer strain were 40℃ and pH 9.0, respectively. The protease was produced aerobically at 40℃ after 24 h incubation in modified Horikoshi I medium (pH 9.0) containing 0.5% (w/v) glucose, 0.8% (w/v) yeast extract, 0.5% (w/v) polypeptone, 0.1% (w/v) K₂HPO₄, 0.02% (w/v) MgSO₄·7H₂O, 1% (w/v) Na₂CO₃, and 3% (w/v) NaCl. The alkaline protease was purified by 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation of the culture supernatant of Bacillus sp. DK1122, followed by CM-Sepharose chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 27 kDa on the basis of SDS-PAGE. The optimum temperature and pH for the protease activity were 60℃ and pH 9.0, respectively. Addition of CaCl₂ increased the thermal stability of the purified protease, where 90% of protease activity was retained at 60℃ for up to 3 h. Consequently, it is expected that the alkaline protease from this study, exhibiting stability at pH 7–9 and 60℃, may be promising for application in the food and detergent industries.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2018

In this study, the optimal fermenting conditions of sugar extracts of Artemisia annua L. (Aa), Houttuynia cordata Thunb (Hc), and Saururus chinensis Baill (Sc) were determined to develop fermented beverages. The sugar extracts ($50{\pm}5^{\circ}Bx$) were diluted to 10, 15, and $20^{\circ}Bx$, and fermented with 2% (v/v) of Lactobacillus plantarum DK119 ($5{\times}10^9CFU/mL$) at $37^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. According to the lactic acid bacteria population, pH, titratable acidity, and reducing sugar content, $20^{\circ}Bx$ for Aa, $10^{\circ}Bx$ for Hc and $15^{\circ}Bx$ for Sc were the maximum concentrations for the fermentation. There were no changes in total polyphenol content in the extracts of Aa, Hc, and Sc, whereas the radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power were increased during the fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation resulted in improvement of sensory evaluation scores on unfavorable plant taste and overall acceptability of the sugar extracts of medicinal plants.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 1997

Sixteen cultivars of corn(Zea mays L.) hybrids have been recommended as the government recommended corn hybrids since 1984, however, their forage performances have been mostly tested at two locations, such as Suweon and Sunghwan in the Middle parts of Korea. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to retest the agronomic characteristics and yield of eleven of sixteen government recommended corn hybrids at five scattered locations, such as Icheon, Suweon, Sunghwan, Keonpan and Kwangju in 1993 and 1995 with the intention of improving recommendations to dairy farmers. Among the corn hybrids tested, 'Suweon 19' was susceptible to foliar diseases and poor stay green at all locations in 1993 and 1995. Generally, all hybrids have less lodging and infection rate of rice black streaked dwarf virus(RBSDV) varied by location but mostly not exceed 10%. Infection rate at Sunghwan and Kwangju among locations was the highest as 13.5 and 15.3% respectively. Among the corn hybrids tested, 'Suweon 19' was the highest RBSDV infection rate, but that of 'Kwanganok' and '3282' was lower than other hybrids. At all locations, '3352' and '3394' were the earliest in growth stage, but 'Kwanganok', '3282', 'DK729', 'G4624' and 'DK713' were the latest among the corn hybrids. Ear percentage in total DM of '3352', '3394' and 'G4624' was higher than other hybrids, but that of 'DK713' was the lowest among the corn hybrids. '3352' and '3394' showed the most suitable DM content for silage production at harvest. Among the corn hybrids tested, 'Suweon 19' and '3282' were the lowest DM yield at all locations in 1993 and 1995, but the highest DM yield varied by location. At Icheon, '3144W' and 'G4743', at Suweon, '3352' and '3144W, at Sunghwan, 'DK729' and '3144W', at Keongsan, '3352' and 'DK729', and at Kwangju, '3352' and 'DK689' were the highest DM yield in 1993 and 1995, respectively. Then, '3394' was higher than other hybrids at all locations in 1995. The government recommended corn hybrids tested were generally adapted across the country. However, in forage production situations where wrn should be harvested before the rainy season in late summer, earlymedium maturing corn hybrids, '3352' and '3394' might be preferred.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2013

To investigate the efficacy of enzymatic extract of Ecklonia cava and its polyphenol extract (AG-DK) as cosmetic ingredients, the anti-oxidative effect, anti-glycation effect, anti-melanogenic effect, and anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts were evaluated in vitro. The enzymatic extract of E. cava ($SC_{50}$ 42.9 ppm) and AG-DK ($SC_{50}$ 6.4 ppm) showed a strong DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The anti-glycation ability of the enzymatic extract of E. cava and AG-DK was tested using bovine serum albumin (BSA), which inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the BSA/glucose system. The enzymatic extract of E. cava ($IC_{50}$ 97.2 ppm) and AG-DK ($IC_{50}$ 7 ppm) had inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity. Moreover, the enzymatic extract of E. cava and AG-DK had an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of nitricoxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 ($PGE_2$). These findings suggest that the enzymatic extract of E. cava and AG-DK can be applied to skin-care products as cosmetic ingredients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.95-95
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• 1999

본 시험은 파종시기를 한달 간격으로 두었을 때 숙기가 다른 사일리지용 옥수수의 수량과 사료가치를 높이기 위한 적정 수확시기를 알기 위하여 수행하였다. 전식물체, 경엽, 암이삭 및 알곡의 건물률은 상대숙도가 다른 품종간에 차이가 뚜렷하였다(P＜0.05). 암이삭 비율은 조생종인 DK501과 P3514 품종이 높았으며, 파종기간에는 조기파종이 만기파종보다 높았고 수확시기는 늦어짐에 따라 암이삭의 비율이 증가하였다. 건물수량 및 TDN 수량은 조중생종인 P3514 및 P3352가 가장 높았으며 조생종인 DK501이 가장 낮았다.(중략)