• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

Excessive development and urbanization have destroyed animal, plant, habitats and reduced biodiversity. In order to preserve species diversity, habitat prediction studies are have been conducted at home and overseas using various modeling techniques. This study was conducted to suggest optimal habitat modeling research by comparing HSI and MaxEnt, which are widely used among habitat modeling techniques. The study was targeted on the endangered species of Prionailurus bengalensis in nearby areas (5460.35km2) including Cheonan City, and the same data were used for analysis to compare those models. According to the HSI analysis, Prionailurus bengalensis's habitat probability was 74.65% for less than 0.5 and 25.34% for more than 0.5 and the top 30% were forest (99.07%). MaxEnt's analysis showed that 56.22% of those below 0.5 and 43.79% of those above 0.5 were found to have a high explanatory power of 78.3% of AUC. The Paired Wilcoxn test, which evaluated the significance of thoes models, confirmed that the mean difference between the two models was statistically significant (p<0.05). Analysis of the differences in the results of those models using the matrix table shows that score 24.43% HSI and MaxEnt was accordance,12.44% of the 0.0 to 0.2 section, 7.22% of the 0.2 to 0.4 section, 2.73% of the 0.4 to 0.6 section, 1.96% of the 0.6 to 0.8, and 0.08% of the 0.9 to 1.0. To verify where the score difference appears, the result values of those models were reset to values from 1 to 5 and overlaid. Overlapping analysis resulted in 30.26% of the Strongly agree values, 56.77% of the agree values, and 11.92% of the Disagree values. The places where the difference in scores occurs were analyzed in the order of forest (45.23%), agricultural land (34.57%), and urbanization area (7.65%). This confirmed that the analysis of the same target species within the same target site also has differences in forecasts depending on the modelling method. Therefore, a novel analysis method combining the advantages of each modeling in habitat prediction studies should be developed, and future study may be used to select Prionailurus bengalensis and species-protected areas and species protection areas in the future. Further research is judged to require higher accuracy studies through the use of various modeling techniques and on-site verification.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.5 s.112
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• pp.43-56
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the inhabitation of wild birds at the World Cup Park and to offer the Park ecological management data. Land use md actual vegetation were examined to analyze the inhabitation of wild birds. Characteristics of bird communities were analyzed by dominance, density, diversity index and guild concept. You compare inhabitation before and after the Park was built. We classified the land use and actual vegetation into twenty-six types. Robinia pseudoacacia dominated the study area. Pyeonghwa Park and Nanji-cheon Park were simple-layer structures composed of alien woody species. The observed birds after the World Cup Park included 33 families 77 species, and 9,751 individuals. Among Wild Life types, the shrub and bush type was dominant. There were 26 species of resident birds, 20 species of summer visitors, 18 species of winter visitors, and 12 species of passage migrants. The following numbers of species and individuals were observed: in Hanul park, 38 species, 3,151 individuals; in Noul park, 45 species, 2,061 individuals; in Nanji-cheon park, 42 species, 2,742 individuals; in Pyeonghwa park, 29 species, 875 individuals; and in Maebongsan(Mt.) area, 35 species, 922 individuals. Species diversities for each area were as follows: Noul park, 2.613; Hanul park, 2,301; Nanji-cheon, 2.228; and Pyeonghwa park, 2,019; and each season: summer, 2.652; spring, 2.650: winter, 2.561; and autumn 2.176. The diversity of species increased from 1.135 in 1994 to 2.324 in 2001. We recommended that the park be differented into different ecological areas in order to encourage the appearance of wild birds at the World Cup Park. The management area was divided into three districts(conservation area, preservation and restoration area, use area). The conservation area was established to the west of a waste landfill and in the downstream area of NanJi-cheon, the preservation and restoration area was established in the midstream area of Nanji-cheon, and the use area was established in the buffer zone of Pyeonghwa Park and the Nanji pond greenspace.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.62-73
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• 2010

A bird is needed efficient conservation through habitat management, as the representative of an organism to evaluate the steady of complex ecosystem. So, this study will offer the useful basic data for preserving habitat from now on, as presenting a estimating model with the GIS program which selected factors effecting the habitat of a forest-dwelling bird in Changwon. As the resort of the survey, the number of forest-dwelling birds living in the 135 survey sites were 5 order, 15 family, 26 species and 922 individual. Also, as the result of making habitat analysis into a predict model, 'NDVI', 'Distance to valley', 'Distance to mixed forest' and 'Area of field' were significant and they had R-squares of 51.3%. Next, as the resort of researching the accuracy of Model, it was a reasonable prediction, as the correlation coefficient is 0.735 and MAPE is 20.7%, and a predict map of habitat was made with the model. This map could predict species diversity of no investigated areas and could be an useful basic data for preserving habitat, as an on-the-spot survey.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in citizen satisfaction with parks and green spaces in Daegu. Three surveys were conducted using the same measurement tools in 1986, 2001, and 2010. Major results are as follows: 1. The overall satisfaction level with parks and green spaces increased remarkably over the last25years. Satisfaction levels with city spaces overall were higher than that of nearby surrounding areas. 2. Diversity of green spaces was the most distinguished indicator in increasing level of satisfaction while the management level of green space facilities showed the lowest improvement. 3. The factor analysis for individual variables for satisfaction resulted in two factors: functions and physical conditions were categorized as one factor, and indicators for the planning of green spaces were the other. Using a regression model, the major variables found for satisfaction were diversity, management level of woods, quantitative level, function of static recreation, and management level of facilities, respectively. 4. Regarding satisfaction level by the type of green spaces, green spaces by streets showed a remarkable increase while green spaces in industrial areas showed the lowest improvement. A factor analysis for each type of green space resulted in 3 factors: green spaces of urban parks, green spaces of urban recreational facilities, and green spaces of each district including residential areas and industrial areas.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.319-325
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• 2014

A lot of Pond Wetland (Palustrine Wetland) are distributed in agricultural landscapes, Korea. These wetlands are evaluated as important resources for conservation of biodiversity. However, the study of Pond Wetland is rarely conducted except type classification in Korea. In this study, the function of pond wetland as ecosystem services is studied for conservation and utilization of wetland. Research was conducted in three steps; functionality analysis, functionality derivation, and importance analysis. A total of 22 features were derived by analyzing the previous studies. As a result of expert survey, 4 features were selected by each in the field of biological, environmental, and socio-culture among the 22 features. Importance was calculated by conducting a cross-functional features using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Finally, 10 ecosystem service functions of pond wetland were derived through expert survey; (1) Water Storage & Irrigation, (2) Vegetation Diversity, (3) Amphibian & Reptile Habitat, (4) Water Purification, (5) Aquatic Insect Habitat, (6) Nutriments Control was derived, (7) Groundwater Recharge, (8) Fishery Habitat, (9) Eco-Experience & Education, and (10) Aesthetic landscape. It is expected that this study is able to utilize in evaluation of pond wetlands ecosystem services by further study on analysis of functional importance and economic value index.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.369-380
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• 2013

This study was carried out to provide basic data for conservation management of Pinus densiflora forest and to predict ecological succession tendency by analyzing plant community structure and change of Pinus densiflora community structure for twenty two years in Yongmun-sa (Temple) Valley, Yangpyeong-gun. According to the analysis of actual vegetation, Pinus densiflora community accounted for 51.3% of the total vegetation in the area. Nineteen plots were classified into four community types. The Shannon's species diversity index (H') showed from 0.5110 to 1.3101. There were distributed Pinus densiflora in age from 48 to 89, Quercus serrata in age from 31 to 63, Carpinus laxiflora in age from 26 to 61. According to the analysis of the change for twenty-two years, Pinus densiflora community was maintained or decreased and competitive species (Quercus serrata, Carpinus laxiflora, Carpinus cordata) were increased. The ecological succession tendency was predicted Pinus densiflora community develop into Quercus serrata, lastly into Carpinus laxiflora and Carpinus cordata.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.764-776
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• 2015

This study aims to identify the structure of the plant community, and the ecological succession sere and the change in the forest ecosystem in Jungdaesa-Birobong area, Odaesan National Park_(i._e., located at high altitudes(over 1,000m)). It seeks to offer the basic data for the planning of vegetation management. In order to verify the status of the forest vegetation between Jungdaesa-Birobong, seventeen plots(size is $20m{\times}20m$) were set up as research sites at high altitudes. Importance value, distribution by diameter at breast height(DBH), the growth volume and age of the sample trees, similarity index and species diversity index of each survey plot were analysed. According to the results of DCA(Detrended Correspondence Analysis), one of the multivariate statistical techniques. It was found that the plant communities were classified into five groups: community I_(Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis community), community II_(Q. mongolica-Deciduous broad-leaved community), community III_(Q. mongolica-Pinus koraiensis community), community IV_(Abies holophylla-Q. mongolica community) and community V_(A. holophylla-Deciduous broad-leaved community). Community I which is dominated by Quercus mongolica and Deciduous broad-leaved communities is located at an altitude of over 1,300 meters(ranging from 1,335m to 1,495m), the community IV and V which are dominated by Abies holophylla are located at an altitude of under 1,200 meters(ranging from 1,115m to 1,175m) and the community II and III which include the main species of Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis and Abies holophylla are located at an altitude of between 1,160 meters and 1,300 meters. The results showed that Quercus mongolica tends to have a higher importance value of woody species at a higher altitude while Abies holophylla tends to have higher importance value at a lower altitude. For the importance value woody species and -DBH class distribution, the communites I, II and III are expected to continuously maintain the present status. Whereas, for the influence of communities IV and V, Q. mongolica is predicted to be weakened. The age of sample trees was between 85 and 161; the average age was 123. The index of Shannon's Species diversity (H') showed heterogeneity was found among community I_(i._e., located at high altitude) and communities IV and V_(i._e., located at low altitude). As a results of analysing the index of Shannon's Species diversity (H': unit: $400m^2$), community III showed the highest diversity intex with 1.1109 followed by community II with 1.0475, community I with 1.0125, community IV with 0.9918 and community V with 0.8686. This study verified that the index of Shannon's species was significantly different by plant communities. For instance, when comparing the index of Shannon's species diversity in Quercus mongolica communities of this study and that of past relevant research, the value of index is very similar. However, the diversity index for the community which is dominated by Abies holophylla showed lower value when compared to the results from past relevant research.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.66-76
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• 2018

This study surveyed the species and population of dragonflies in 20 study sites in the Junam wetland in May and July 2015 to investigate the relationship between the dragonflies and the inhabited environment. We measured the environmental factors such as the area of emergent plants, the area of floating and floating-leaved plants, the area of water surface, the area of water plants, and the nearby land-use type and analyzed the relationship to the dragonfly species, population, and diversity index. We found 757 dragonflies belonging to 21 species of 6 families. The area of floating and floating-leaved plants and the area of water surface affected the species diversity. The area of floating and floating-leaved plants and the area of surface water, in particular, showed the positive correlation with the species richness and the dominance value, respectively. The area of water surface showed the negative correlations with Shannon's diversity index and evenness. Among the type of surrounding land-uses, the dry fields and orchards showed significantly lower average species richness than wetlands. Among the species, Cercion calamorum and Crocothemis servilia were positively correlated with floating and floating-leaved plants. Cercion v-nigrum and Epophthalmia elegans were positively correlated with the area of water surface, and Ischnura asiatica and Ceriagrion nipponicum were negatively correlated. The recent uncontrolled proliferation of lotus colony in the Junam wetland is likely to affect greatly the species composition of dragonflies which have a close relationship with plant species.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.115-123
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• 2016

In this study, the landscape characteristics of the sacred Dangsan forests at Singi-ri, Namwon-si were investigated as an agricultural heritage, and the management scheme for revitalization of the village was introduced. FAO established the term of 'GIAHS' (Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems) for conservation of each country's farmland, unique agricultural landscape, and cultural diversity. The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of Korea evaluates that the Agricultural Heritage is a new means and potential for rural development. Dangsan forest, a traditional village forests of rural Korea is a representative 'agricultural heritage' with a history of more than several hundred years of Dangsan ritual. The Dangsan forests were closely linked with paddy fields. This forest was composed of two Dangsan forests, and one Bibo forest. Especially, the Dangsan forest 2 was established on the mounding with 395m in length and 15m in width. Although, most of Dangsan forests do not have accurate records about forest establishment, this forest has retained a stone monument that illustrated the history of the forest. These aspects of Singi-ri's Dangsan forest indicated clear difference and characteristics compared to other ones. This Dangsan forest has been left alone from the public attention. The Dangsan forest at Singi-ri need to be recognized for their valuable landscape characteristics. By linking the Dangsan forest with 'Jirisan trail', the trail path will lead people to the agricultural heritage at Singi-ri. Enhancing the management scheme will contribute to revitalize the village.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2018

This study investigated the recognition of Koreanesss, preference factors and the difference of recognition from adjacent Chinese and Japanese gardens for foreign visitors of Seoul gardens, a Korean traditional garden located within the Marzahn garden in Berlin, Germany. Overall, the Chinese garden and the Japanese garden were better known to most visitors than the Seoul garden due to their earlier construction. The awareness of the specialty to the Korean garden was at an average level indicating most visitors did not recognize the difference among the traditional gardens constructed from other countries. These less awareness on the Korean garden was because the traditional gardens of the three countries are located adjacent to the park in a continuous landscape with similar plant species created through natural planting techniques. This means the Korean garden is required for considering diversity and representativeness of planting species, uniqueness in space composition and recognition of Korean oriental garden culture in an initial design project stage. Visitors without prior information has better understanding on Korean garden and higher revisit intention resulting in increasing publicity and understanding of Korean traditional garden. Among the preference factors representing Koreaness of the Seoul gardens, the waterfall, stream, pavilion and natural stone within the water landscape were visitors favorite interests due to design concept with a representative Korean stream scenery of Dokrack-dang and Byeolseo garden resulting in differences from the landscape displaying technique for other oriental gardens. These stylistic differences in the dominant landscaping of garden architecture from surrounding the physical environments, the garden displaying technique derived from Korean natural landscape can be recognized as an unique garden element for foreign visitors.