• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2016

Total mercury (TM) is a hazardous element that is of particular concern to human health. Due to the diversity of dietary habits among fishes, tissue-specific analysis of hazardous elements is necessary. In this study, the tissue-specific TM in cultured fish was analyzed to conduct risk assessment. The highest concentrations of TM were found in the farmed marine fish Pagrus major (0.111 mg/kg) and in the farmed freshwater fish Channa argus (0.162 mg/kg). TM concentration was significantly correlated with total fish length (P<0.01). Significant differences in TM were found between three types of fish tissue, with the concentration in fish muscle being significantly higher than those of gill or liver (P<0.01). Moreover, the tissue-specific TM concentrations of farmed freshwater fish were significantly higher than those of farmed marine fish (P<0.01). According to the risk assessment, the TM body exposure rate of muscle and liver in cultured fishes ranged from 0.001 to 0.389% of the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake. Therefore, these results showing the tissue-specific TM contents of cultured fish could be useful to assess the health risks of Korean dietary habits.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.69-72
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• 2004

Somaclonal variation, defined as phenotypic and genetic variations among regenerated plants from a parental plant, could be caused by changes in chromosome structure, single gene mutation, cytoplasm genetic mutation, insertion of transposable elements, and DNA methylation during plant regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate DNA variations among somaclonal variants from the cotyledonary node culture in soybean. A total of 61 soybean somaclones including seven $\textrm{R}_1$ lines and seven $\textrm{R}_2$ lines from Iksannamulkong as well as 27 $\textrm{R}_1$ lines and 20 $\textrm{R}_2$ lines from Jinju 1 were regenerated by organogenesis from the soybean cotyledonary node culture system. Field evaluation revealed no phenotypic difference in major agronomic traits between somaclonal variants and their wild types. AFLP and SSR analyses were performed to detect variations at the DNA level among somaclonal variants of two varieties. Based on AFLP analysis using 36 primer sets, 17 of 892 bands were polymorphic between Iksannamulkong and its somaclonal variants and 11 of 887 bands were polymorphic between Jinju 1 and its somaclonal variants, indicating the presence of DNA sequence change during plant regeneration. Using 36 SSR markers, two polymorphic SSR markers were detected between Iksannamulkong and its somaclonal variants. Sequence comparison amplified with the primers flanking Satt545 showed four additional stretches of ATT repeat in the variant. This suggests that variation at the DNA level between somaclonal variants and their wild types could provide basis for inducing mutation via plant regeneration and broadening crop genetic diversity.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.541-551
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• 2016

영화는 '리얼'함을 추구하기 위해 테크놀러지와 더불어 스타일, 내러티브 등을 발전시켜왔다. 더욱 더 리얼해지기 위한 디지털 이미지의 투영은 '영화-현실'의 필름적 지표관계를 넘어선 다른 관점을 필요로 하게 되었다. 영화 <디스트릭트 9>은 SF영화지만 리얼리즘적 요소가 강한 영화이다. 영화의 디지털 이미지는 테크놀로지의 발전으로 상상의 영역을 생생하게 재현하여 사실성을 확보한다. 영화의 스타일과 내러티브 고유의 리얼리즘 전략은 디지털 이미지와 조우하여 영화적 공간이 가진 사회적 맥락을 강조하고 핍진성과 지각적 리얼리즘의 가능성을 확대시킨다. 영화 <디스트릭트 9>의 다큐멘터리 스타일이 가진 편집의 자유는 방대한 영화의 정보를 효율적인 내러티브로 전달할 수 있는 가능성을 주었고 동시에 현실이 가진 다양성까지 포섭하여 영화의 리얼리즘에 기여한다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.607-615
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• 2003

Many organisms are known to survive in icy environments. These include both over wintering terrestrial insects and plants as well the marine fish inhabiting high latitudes. The adaptation of these organisms is both a fascinating and important topic in biology. Marine teleosts in particular, can encounter ice-laden seawater that is approximately $1^{\circ}C$ colder than the colligative freezing point of their body fluids. These animals produce a unique group of proteins, the antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) that absorb the ice nuclei and prevent ice crystal growth. Presently, there are at least four different AFP types and one AFGP type that are isolated from a wide variety of fish. Despite their functional similarity, there is no apparent common protein homology or ice-binding motifs among these proteins, except that the surface-surface complementarity between the protein and ice are important for binding. The remarkable diversity of these proteins and their odd phylogenetic distribution would suggest that these proteins might have evolved recently in response to sea level glaciations just 1-2 million years ago in the northern hemisphere and 10-30 million years ago around Antarctica. Winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, has been used as a popular model to study the regulation of AFP gene expression. It has a built-in annual cycle of AFP expression controlled negatively by the growth hormone. The signal transduction pathways, transcription factors and promoter elements involved in this process have been studied in our laboratory and these studies will be presented.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.788-797
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• 2001

The usefulness of three PCR methods were evaluated for the epidemiological typing of Staphylococcus aureus: an enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR), repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (REP-PCR), and 16S-23S intergenic spacer PCR (ITS-PCR). The analysis was performed using a collection of S. aureus strains comprised of 6 reference and 79 isolates from patients with various diseases. Among the 85 S. aureus strains tested, 6 references and 6 isolates were found to be susceptible to methicillin, whereas the remaining 73 isolates were resistant to it. PCR methods are of special concern, as conventional phenotypic methods are unable to clearly distinguish among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. The ability of the techniques to detect different unrelated types was found to be as follows: ERIC-PCR, 19 types; REP-PCR, 36 types; and ITS-PCR, 14 types. On the basis of combining the ERIC, REP, and ITS fingerprints, the 85 S. aureus strains were grouped into 56 genetic types (designated G1 to G56). The diversities for the 85 S. aureus strains, calculated according to Simpson\`s index, were 0.88 for an ERIC-PCR, 0.93 for a REP-PCR, and 0.48 for an ITS-PCR, and the diversity increased up to 0.97 when an ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR were combined. The above discrimination indices imply that the genetic heterogeneity of S. aureus strains is high. Accordingly, this study demonstrates that DNA sequences from highly conserved repeats of a genome, particularly a combination of ERIC sequences and REP elements, are a convenient and accurate tool for the subspecies-specific discrimination and epidemiologic tracking of S. aureus.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2004

본 연구는 수변공간의 친환경적 개발 가능성을 모색하는네 목표를 두고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 근대의 기계론적 가치관에 대하여, 최근 과학 분야에서 새로운 발전 또는 친환경적 패러다임으로 등장한 유기적 세계관의 특징에 주목하여 워터프론트의 개발 방향성을 총체성ㆍ복합성ㆍ역동성ㆍ상보성 등 4가지로 설정하였다. 한편 구체적인 워터프론트 디자인 요소를 도시ㆍ건축의 장소적, 의장적, 시각적 특성을 통하여 검토하였다. 그리고 이를 토대로 친환경적 수변공간의 유기적 개발 방향성과 구체적 디자인 요소간의 상관관계 및 사례 제시를 통하여 유기적 특성을 활용한 워터프론트 디자인 요소를 제시하였다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.123-136
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• 1996

최근 날로 정보기술이 발전하고 사회가 다양화되면서 다양한 데이터를 공유하기 위한 데이터 표준화에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있어 이와 같은 표준화를 위해 우선적으로 지형공간데 이터의 정확성과 신뢰도를 나타내는 데이터품질의 정의 및 평가과정에 관한 연구가 요망되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 세계 각 국에서 채택하고 있는 대표적인 데이터 품질요소의 정의 및 평가방법을 비교 고찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 우리나라의 국가지형공간데이터 교환포멧의 표준내에 데이터의 품질을 평가하기 위한 요소의 정의는 평가기준이 명확한 ISO/TC211의 안을 수용하는 것이 바람직하다고 판단된다. 둘째, 본 연구를 통하여 품질평가요소에 따른 보다 합리적인 지형공간정보 데이터의 품질평가과정을 제시하였으며, 이를 KSDTS에도 적용할 것과 데이터 품질평가결과의 보고형식 등을 더욱 더 명확히 하여 국립지리원의 수치지도작성 규칙 등에도 포함시키는 것을 제안하고자 한다. 셋째, 다양한 sampling방법에 관한 연구 및 우리나라에 적합한 품질허용기준(AQL)의 정립과 대량의 데이터품질을 신속하게 자동 평가할 수 있는 컴퓨터 프로그램 작성 등이 요망된다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2019

Nail art, which has been popularized recently, has increased convenience in the direction of nail art design harmonized with clothing and the increased interest and usage of nail art decoration. This study set out to propose practical planar and three-dimensional nail art designs in harmony with modern clothes by applying trimmings common in 18th century women's clothing, which used a variety of attachable decorations. As for the methodology, the investigator examined theories in previous studies, literature, and analyzed the types of trimming in female portraits from the 18th century at the museum at the Palace of Versailles in France. Planar and three-dimensional nail art designs were created for each of the top three trimming types- braids, laces, and ribbons, which were identified through analysis. The study applied the trimmings of the 18th century women's clothes to nail art design and had the following results: First, the top three trimming types were identified based on the analysis of the 18th century portraits. They were then used as motifs in the production of planar and three-dimensional nail art designs. The results show that the motifs of the clothes trimmings were fit for and had practical possibilities for expression in nail art designs. Secondly, diversity and the expansion of ideas in the study of nail art design were promoted. In addition, elements were increased to have mutually complementary effects with clothes. Finally, the study made various attempts at nail design methods by adopting a range of nail art expression techniques including hand painting, 2D & 3D art techniques, and using planar and three-dimensional nail decorations, thus proposing a positive direction for the organization of a curriculum to make use of 18th century women's clothing motifs in nail art education.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권12A호
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• pp.1233-1241
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 UMPC급의 휴대 단말에 장착 가능한 소형 MIMO 안테나를 설계 및 측정 분석하였다. 제안된 MIMO 안테나는 두 개의 노치 안테나와 하나의 변형된 모노폴 안테나를 이용해서 $40mm\;{\times}\;100mm$ 기판안에 세개의 방사 소자를 넣은 것이다. 각 안테나는 중심 주파수 1.8GHz에서 80-200MHz의 대역폭을 가진다. 또 전 주파수 대역에서 격리도가 l0dB 보다 크게 나타나고 있다. 제안된 MIMO 안테나의 성능 평가를 위해서 ARC/TARC, correlation, MEG를 소개하고 안테나의 성능을 평가 하였다. 포락선 상관도는 0.04이하로 계산되었고 평균 유효 이득(MEG)은 1에 가깝게 나타났다.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 레일리 페이딩 채널에서 다중접속 간섭의 제거와 시스템 채널 용량의 증가를 위해 MIMO-MC/CDMA 16QAM 시스템의 모바일 액세스 계층에 대한 성능을 평가하였다. 전통적으로 무선통신에서 다중경로는 불필요한 요소로 여겨졌다. 따라서 다이버시티와 적응 어레이 방식이 다중경로를 제거하기 위하여 제안되었다. 최근에는 스펙트럼 효율과 링크의 신뢰도를 증가하기 위하여 다중경로를 이용하는 MIMO방식이 제안되었다. 특히, MIMO-MC/CDMA 16QAM 시스템의 채널 용량이 Eb/No, Mc, p에 따라서 평가되었다. 결과로부터 채널용량을 개선하기 위해서는 신호의 요소들은 서로 무상관이어야 하며 만약 부적당한 공간과 상호 결합 효과에 의하여 경로사이가 상관이 이루어지면 MIMO-MC/CDMA 16 QAM시스템의 채널 용량은 상당히 감소하게 된다.