• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.741-752
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• 2009

As a major obstacle to active online purchase at the level of consumer in China, distrust is raised in this study. Most of previous studies showed that trust is a major variable to cause a relational unity between company and consumer, on the other hand, this study attempts to show that according to the two dimensional point of view regarding trust each dimension of both trust and distrust distinctly contributes to marketing achievement. Interaction, perceived popularity, information usefulness, perceived security risk and perceived dealing risk were created as preceding variable, trust and distrust were constituted as parameter and relation absorption and purchase intention as consequential variable. These variables were analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM) in LISREL 8.3 program. The results for this study are as follows. First, relation between exchange actors in marketing is divided into two concepts of trust and distrust differently from the previous studies. On the assumption that trust and distrust might exist simultaneously and they would distinctly have an influence on marketing consequency such as relation absorption and repurchase intention, it is identified that trust and distrust are a different dimension in online context. Second, the formative factor of online trust-distrust is identified and it is shown what relationship between internet shopping mall and relation absorption and foregoing purchase intention resulting from online trust-distrust exists. Third, it is shown that in online context the formative factor of online trust-distrust is distinctly contributed to relation absorption and repurchase intention. It is suggested that trust needs to be managed two-dimensionally separating from trust and distrust. Fourth, it is shown that both trust and distrust factor in terms of relation absorption and repurchase intention of consumer in internet shopping mall are significant variables. Trust is linked with repurchase intention through relation absorption, however, distrust is not directly linked with repurchase intention through relation absorption. Thus, the ripple effect of distrust appears to be much higher than that of trust.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.500-518
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• 2015

The present research aims to identify the relationship between trust and distrust in an online business environment. To clarify the concepts, cognitive-affective personality system theory was introduced, through which five types of psychological units were proposed. In developing the research model based on the theory, technical effectiveness of the system and content truthfulness of the website were selected as two key stimuli for the coding process of online users. Trust and distrust were selected as mediating factors that generate consequent behaviors. Finally, purchase intention served as a final dependent variable. Assuming that trust and distrust emerge in psychologically different stages, this study hypothesized the mutual causal relationship between trust and distrust, indicating that the relationship will be determined by their contextual emphasis on each dimension. To validate, a survey was conducted with 307 online shopping mall users. Results show that stimuli were more significantly associated with trust. Trust is therefore a more cognitive construct than distrust, and the path from trust to distrust is stronger than that from distrust to trust. This finding implies that the cognitive aspect of trust is stronger than that of distrust. Distrust is rather more affectively emerging than trust.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.171-188
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• 2017

Purpose This study investigates the effects of trust and distrust on intention to purchase in open market, based on the idea that trust and distrust can co-exist. Specifically, this study approached the effects of trust and distrust of the open market on the intention to purchase from a two-dimensional perspective, and examined trustworthiness as the antecedents of trust and distrust. Design/Methodology/Approach In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey on consumers who have actually purchased a product from open markets in Korea for two months. As a result, 141 users are chosen for the sample. We apply PLS (Partial Least Squares) structural equation modeling (SEM) to verify our theoretical model using the software application SmartPLS 3.0. Findings First, trust in open market positively affects intention to purchase, whereas distrust in open market negatively affects intention to purchase. Second, the three antecedents of trust (i.e. three factors constituting trustworthiness such as ability, benevolence and integrity) affect trust in open market. Third, integrity negatively affects distrust in open market. Since integrity plays an important role in building both trust and distrust in open market, the operators of open market should pay attention to managing their integrity.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1148-1157
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze factors impacting dental treatment of fear and distrust of dentists. The subjects of this study consists of 720 middle & high school students in Daegu area. Methods : The data were collected from June 1, 2009 to September 30, 2009 by self-administrative questionnaires. The data received was analyzed using the descriptive statistic, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis with level of significance as p<0.05 stimulus response factors in oral health education, often highly-experienced, and distrust of the dentists of factors the lower stimulus response factors are highly. Results : A female dental treatment of fear and distrust of dentists showed higher than male. Showed higher dental treatment of fear and the higher distrust of dentist. Showde the treatment-avoidance factors the higher patient of negligence factors and distrust of dentists factors are highly statistically significant. Showed the stimulus response factors in oral health education, often highly-experienced, and distrust of the dentists of factors the lower stimulus response factors are highly. Showed the similar results physiological arousal factors and the stimulus response factors. Conclusions : The results suggest that oral health status of improve adolescent before treatment of patients identify biological characteristics and personality can decrease dental treatment of fear and distrust of dentist.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2011

Due to the wide use of internet, electronic commerce market is gradually increasing but consumers still conceive various transaction-related problems. Various studies argue that those problems are obstructing trust in electronic commerce. Most studies on electronic commerce address that trust is measured as a Single dimension in which factors obstructing trust are same as those of increasing distrust. However, this study doesn't view trust as a single dimensional level but understands trust and distrust are bidimensional. This study also holds a viewpoint that they are influenced by different antecedents. According to the results of empirical analysis, the antecedents of trust have a significant explanatory power to trust and those of distrust have it to distrust. Other relations among the notions of trust and distrust, perceived risk and purchase intention as depicted in the research model are all statistically significant except the relation between distrust and purchase intention. This study shows a strong evidence of the bidimensionality of trust with separate antecedents.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.393-415
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• 2014

This study examines the dynamics of trust and distrust at different price levels. We first note that trust and distrust are built with cognitive and affective foundations, and price is viewed as a financial burden or product quality information. Then, we relate price changes to trust and distrust, and hypothesize their interactions: price as a quality cue will positively moderate the cognitive dimension of trust, whereas price as financial burden will negatively moderate the affective dimensions of trust and distrust. We surveyed 263 online mall shoppers in Korea. Among our eight hypotheses, six are fully supported and two are partially supported. The result shows that price perception interacts with both the cognitive and affective dimensions of trust and distrust, but its specific impacts are distinguished by the price perceptions, whether it is financial burden or product quality information.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2194-2210
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• 2018

In the era of big data, consumers capture more and more economic surplus yet the seed of distrust also grows with the fast-spreading of social commerce, this paper began with the idea that product types may determine the degree of consumers' distrust even when identical discounts are offered for those products on Chinese social commerce websites. We also attempted to determine if distrust negatively affected consumers' purchase attitudes. 20 representative products that are commonly sold on social commerce websites in China were chosen to examine the relationships among product types, discount rates, distrust levels, and purchase attitudes. Inductive interview was used to collect the data as well as consumers' perceptions of the relationships. Data analysis results suggested that consumers like deep discounts, but their distrust levels increase along with the discount rates, however, the levels of increasing distrust vary according to product types. High, medium, and low discount rate categorizations were made and three propositions were suggested. This paper will contribute to the body of knowledge on online social commerce market and provide valuable implications for e-retailers and general consumers in online social commerce websites in China.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.97-125
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• 2009

The main purpose of this study is to provide a new approach to conceptualize and measure distrust based on existing researches concerning trust. One of the traditional approach has viewed that trust and distrust are opposed constructs placed on a continuous measure and that trust has positive impact and distrust has negative impact. But this study tries to test empirically that trust and distrust are independent constructs which can be distinguishable, and that both constructs are ambivalent. In addition, this study also tries to provide empirical test that distrust can have a positive effect on transaction relationship. We analyzed the possibility that both trust and distrust can be distinguishable and ambivalent with various antecedents and consequences of two constructs. We also analyzed the effect of distrust on cooperation and functional conflict in order to manifest the positive role of distrust as a relationship variable. The result for testing hypotheses is as follows: First, all hypotheses for antecedents and consequences of trust are significant, but some of hypotheses for antecedents and consequences of distrust are not significant. Second, both constructs can be distinguishable and ambivalent to some extent as the hypotheses for reputation are significant, which is one of the antecedents of distrust and considered jointly with other antecedents, transaction specific asset and environmental uncertainty. Lastly, the result showed the positive role of distrust that has a positive effect on functional conflict.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.19-38
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• 2017

Collaborative filtering (CF) algorithm has been popularly used for implementing recommender systems. Until now, there have been many prior studies to improve the accuracy of CF. Among them, some recent studies adopt 'hybrid recommendation approach', which enhances the performance of conventional CF by using additional information. In this research, we propose a new hybrid recommender system which fuses CF and the results from the social network analysis on trust and distrust relationship networks among users to enhance prediction accuracy. The proposed algorithm of our study is based on memory-based CF. But, when calculating the similarity between users in CF, our proposed algorithm considers not only the correlation of the users' numeric rating patterns, but also the users' in-degree centrality values derived from trust and distrust relationship networks. In specific, it is designed to amplify the similarity between a target user and his or her neighbor when the neighbor has higher in-degree centrality in the trust relationship network. Also, it attenuates the similarity between a target user and his or her neighbor when the neighbor has higher in-degree centrality in the distrust relationship network. Our proposed algorithm considers four (4) types of user relationships - direct trust, indirect trust, direct distrust, and indirect distrust - in total. And, it uses four adjusting coefficients, which adjusts the level of amplification / attenuation for in-degree centrality values derived from direct / indirect trust and distrust relationship networks. To determine optimal adjusting coefficients, genetic algorithms (GA) has been adopted. Under this background, we named our proposed algorithm as SNACF-GA (Social Network Analysis - based CF using GA). To validate the performance of the SNACF-GA, we used a real-world data set which is called 'Extended Epinions dataset' provided by 'trustlet.org'. It is the data set contains user responses (rating scores and reviews) after purchasing specific items (e.g. car, movie, music, book) as well as trust / distrust relationship information indicating whom to trust or distrust between users. The experimental system was basically developed using Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), but we also used UCINET 6 for calculating the in-degree centrality of trust / distrust relationship networks. In addition, we used Palisade Software's Evolver, which is a commercial software implements genetic algorithm. To examine the effectiveness of our proposed system more precisely, we adopted two comparison models. The first comparison model is conventional CF. It only uses users' explicit numeric ratings when calculating the similarities between users. That is, it does not consider trust / distrust relationship between users at all. The second comparison model is SNACF (Social Network Analysis - based CF). SNACF differs from the proposed algorithm SNACF-GA in that it considers only direct trust / distrust relationships. It also does not use GA optimization. The performances of the proposed algorithm and comparison models were evaluated by using average MAE (mean absolute error). Experimental result showed that the optimal adjusting coefficients for direct trust, indirect trust, direct distrust, indirect distrust were 0, 1.4287, 1.5, 0.4615 each. This implies that distrust relationships between users are more important than trust ones in recommender systems. From the perspective of recommendation accuracy, SNACF-GA (Avg. MAE = 0.111943), the proposed algorithm which reflects both direct and indirect trust / distrust relationships information, was found to greatly outperform a conventional CF (Avg. MAE = 0.112638). Also, the algorithm showed better recommendation accuracy than the SNACF (Avg. MAE = 0.112209). To confirm whether these differences are statistically significant or not, we applied paired samples t-test. The results from the paired samples t-test presented that the difference between SNACF-GA and conventional CF was statistical significant at the 1% significance level, and the difference between SNACF-GA and SNACF was statistical significant at the 5%. Our study found that the trust/distrust relationship can be important information for improving performance of recommendation algorithms. Especially, distrust relationship information was found to have a greater impact on the performance improvement of CF. This implies that we need to have more attention on distrust (negative) relationships rather than trust (positive) ones when tracking and managing social relationships between users.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.115-126
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• 2017

Organizational trust is recognized as a factor that is directly linked to the organization's success in the sudden change represented by the 4th Industrial Revolution and uncertainties. This study selected trust and distrust as separate concepts and verified the structural relationship between organizational justice, psychological contract, trust, distrust, and turnover intention. Organizational justice was significant as a antecedents of distrust, whereas psychological contract was antecedents of trust, and distrust only had a significant effect on turnover intention. This result supports that trust and distrust are not one dimensions but two separate concepts. Also, organizational justice had no direct effect on turnover intention and only indirect effect through distrust was significant. This study has implications for both theoretical and practical aspects in terms of identifying the differential effects of trust and distrust.