• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.117-136
• /
• 1994

Contemporary global space economy is so dynamic that any one specific structural force can not explain the whole dynamic processes or trajectories of spatial industrial development. The major purpose of this paper is extending the traditional notion of industrial districts to functioning and development of new industrial districts with relation to the development of high technology industries. Several dynamic forces, which are dominated in new industrial districts in the modern space economy, are incorporated in the formation and dynamic aspects of new industrial districts. Even though key forces governing Marshallian industrial district are localization of small firms, division of labor between firms, constructive cooperation, and industrial atmosphere, Marshall points out a possibility of growing importance of large firms and non-local networks in the districts with changes of external environments. Some of Italian industrial districts can be regarded as Marshallian industrial districts in broader context, but the role of local authorities or institutions and local embeddedness seem to be more important in the Italian industrial districts. More critical implication form the review of Marshallian industrial districts and Italian industrial districts is that the industrial districts are not a static concept but a dynamic one: small firm based industrial districts can be regarded as only a specific feature evolved over time. Dynamic aspects of new industrial districts are resulting from coexistence of contrasting forces governing the functioning and formation of the districts in contemporary global space economy. The contrasting forces governing new industrial districts are coexistence of flexible and mass production systems, local and global networks, local and non-local embeddedness, and small and large firms. Because of these coexistence of contrasting forces, there are various types of new industrial districts. Nine types of industrial districts are identified based on local/non-local networks and intensity of networks in both suppliers and customers linkages. The different types of new industrial districts are described by differences in production systems, embeddedness, governance, cooperation and competition, and institutional factors. Out of nine types of industrial districts, four types - Marshallian; suppliers hub and spoke; customers hub and spoke; and satellite - are regarded as distinctive new industrial districts and four additional types - advanced hub and spoke types (suppliers and customers) and mature satellites (suppliers and customers) - can be evolved from the distinctive types and may be regarded as hybrid types. The last one - pioneering high technology industrial district - can be developed from the advanced hub and spoke types and this type is a most advanced modern industrial district in the era of globalization and high technology. The dynamic aspects of the districts are related with the coexistence of the contrasting forces in the contemporary global space economy. However, the development trajectory is not a natural one and not all the industrial districts can develop to the other hybrid types. Traditionally, localization of industries was developed by historical chances. In the process of high technology industrial development in contemporary global space economy, however, policy and strategies are critical for the formation and evolution of new industrial districts. It needs formation of supportive tissues of institutions for evolution of dyamic pattern of high technology related new industrial districts. Some of the original distinctive types of new industrial districts can not follow the path or trajectory suggested in this paper and may be declined without advancing, if there is no formation of supportive social structure or policy. Provision of information infrastructure and diffusion of an entrepreneurship through the positive supports of local government, public institutions, universities, trade associations and industry associations are important for the evolution of the dynamic new industrial districts. Reduction of sunk costs through the supports for training and retraining of skilled labor, the formation of flexible labor markets, and the establishment of cheap and available telecommunication networks is also regarded as a significant strategies for dynamic progress of new industrial districts in the era of high technology industrial development. In addition, development of intensive international networks in production, technology and information is important policy issue for formation and evolution of the new industrial districts which are related with high technology industrial development.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2007

In this study, a Ridge Distinction Program was developed to improve the elevation standard, which is one of standards for mountainous districts conversion permission regulated by the Management of Mountainous Districts Act. To distinguish mountainous districts from other land types, this program assumed that the lower end of the mountainous districts is the outlet points where catchment size is 30ha. Also the program used the halfway line between the ridge and the lower end of the mountainous districts to recognize the upper slope areas. To prevent potential errors within the classification process, the areas that were classified as non-mountainous districts by the current forest type map were removed. According to the classification results by using the developed program, the 58% of the mountainous districts ($696,300m^2$) was classified into the upper slope area, while the only 3% of the mountainous districts ($30,956m^2$) were classified by adopting the current standards for the mountainous districts conversion permission. This result shows that the size of the upper slope areas tends to be altered by the standards defining the area. Therefore, for better acceptance of the Ridge Distinction Program in the associated fields, it is necessary to prove the effectiveness of the program and to revise the current standards for the mountainous districts conversion permission.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 1985

This study was conducted to obtain the information for the difference of chemical characteristics in each tobacco growing districts and year. The results obtained were as follows 1. Difference of chemical characteristics in 6 districts: In case of flue-cured tobacco leaves, the produced leaf tobacco from Cheong Ju and Dae Jeon districts showed middle level in nicotine and total sugar contents, on the other hand, low nicotine and high sugar contents tobacco leaves were produced in An Dong and Jin Ju districts and high nicotine and low sugar contents of tobacco leaves in Su Won and Chun Cheon , respectively. In Burley tobacco leaves, the nicotine and total nitrogen contents of Chun Cheon districts product's were lower than those of Dae Jeon , Jeon Ju and Kwang Ju district's one. 2. Comparison of each tobacco produced year : The nicotine contents of five-cured and Burley tobacco leaves were the highest in 1981 and 1979, respectively. Also, as time goes to recent year, nicotine and total nitrogen contents were decreased and total sugar contents somewhat was increased .

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 1993

The purposes of this study are to make an analysis the sensible degree in Korea by using the formulas prepared by Watanabe, and to divide the climatic classification by the sensible degree in order to apply in practical life. Most data(air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, atmospheric pressure) are extracted from the "Climatic Table of Korea, Volume II(1961~1990)" issued by the Korea Meteorological Administration. As a result of this study, distribution patterns of the sensible degree are similar to isotherms when the wind velocity is zero, and then the sensible degrees are reduced with the increase of latitude. And western coastal and inland regions have larger values than eastern coastal regions in summer. However, the cont-rary distributions are shown in winter. When the wind velocity is not zero, distribution patterns of the sensible degree are influenced by the wind velocity. In summer, the values of central and southern inland regions are especially higher than the coastal regions, and most northern districts and some inland regions (Kangnung, Ulchin, Yongju etc.) have low values in winter. Then, the climate of Korea is divided into four patterns as follows : Yow means the sensible degree when the wind velocity is zero in winter. Yow > 3 : Jeju Island and southern coastal regions Yow = 0~3 : Most southern district and eastern coastal regions of central districts Yow = -3~0 : Most central districts and some eastern coastal regions (Hamheung, Youngheung, Won-san etc.) of northern districts Yow < -3 : Most northern districts and some inland regions(Inje, Hongcheon, Yang-pyeong etc.) of cent-ral districts.districts.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2020

In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of 511 agricultural districts through statistical data, and classify these districts as the vulnerable area to drought through correlation and cluster analysis. The criteria for classification was related to ground-water recharge, irrigation water demand, and water supply. As a result, 8 types of agricultural districts were extracted. For example, the type 1 indicated the high priority area for ground-water development, thus the districts which were classified as type 1 showed ground-water use was less than 80 % of maximum capacity, and irrigation water supply was only 37.5 % and 76.5 % of irrigation water demand in upland and paddy field, respectively. As a result, 44 of 511 districts were classified as type 1.36 districts (types 5-8) were areas where groundwater development is limited. The results of this study are expected to provide useful information for establishing the direction of the rural area development project in connection with the revitalization of policy of people return to rural area.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2021

This study aims to identify the characteristics of the cancelled districts of housing redevelopment and housing reconstruction project. The subject of this study is 189 project districts(121 promoted districts, 68 cancelled districts). Both 121 promoted districts and 68 cancelled districts were analyzed by Decision Tree Analysis. The first separation of the release zone influencing factors was made by the Development Actors. In other words, the most important independent variable for determining the release zone influence factor was shown to be the presence or absence of propulsion actors. Of the 89 districts without propellers, 41 were lifted and 48 were promoted, and 9 out of 100 districts with propellers were lifted and 91 were promoted. The second separation of the impact factors on the zone was then made by Land Owners, and the probability of cancellation increased if the number of landowners was less than 468 and 37 out of 62 were removed. On the other hand, four out of 27 districts with more than 468 landowners were lifted and 23 districts were promoted. The third separation was made by the Average Land Assessment, and 35 zones were lifted below the standard of KRW 269.64 million/m² approximately KRW 8.91 million per pyeong, and two zones were lifted at higher official prices. In the second division, the number of landowners was 468 or more, and in node4, four areas were removed from areas with a public land area ratio of 29.43% or more, and no areas less were released. This study used SPSS Statistics 26 S/W for analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.3-17
• /
• 2024

Despite extensive discussions on the repercussions of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, there is a lack of analysis on the relationships and changes in relationships between business districts Therefore, this study aims to understand the impact of COVID-19 on retail business districts in Seoul by considering the geographical dependency and interactions of these districts. Using data from the fourth quarters of 2019 to 2021 for 1,490 retail business districts in Seoul, we employed the 3-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) estimation method for simultaneous equation modeling to empirically examine how spatial dependencies among retail business districts in Seoul have evolved due to the influence of COVID-19. The results indicate the existence of spatial dependence among retail business districts in Seoul, with developmental districts exerting a negative influence on nearby districts. Furthermore, the analysis reveals changes in dependency patterns after the onset of COVID-19, interpreted as a decrease in commercial activities in developmental districts due to the impact of the pandemic. The significance of this study lies in providing new insights into Seoul's retail business districts through a spatially dependent analysis, offering a foundation for various stakeholders, including government, local authorities, and small business owners, to respond appropriately to changes in business districts by considering their interrelationships.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.245-258
• /
• 2017

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport established a comprehensive plan for 83 old industrial complexes over 20-year. They implemented the competitiveness of industrial complex in September 2013, and revitalizing and remodelling comprehensive plan in December 2014. With significant influences of old industrial complex in September 2009, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport chose the 4 districts for the first pilot project. In December 2014, the second pilot project districts were established. In addition, there were 10 districts in April 2016 and 5 districts in April 2016 as the third pilot project and 5 distiricts in March 2017 as the fourth piolt project. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport currently suggests 23 districts to regenerate among 83 old industrial complex districts over 20 years. Even though the government suggests the certain 23 districts, this research selects the bottom 23 districts (30%) represented through the Focus Group Interview and compare them with the list government-suggested. As a result, there were some unlisted industrial complex districts. This research suggests the unlisted industrial complex districts which need to be regenerated and their problems, therefore this could be used as a guide for feasibility of old industrial complex regeneration implement.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.73-91
• /
• 2012

This study is in the purpose for the revitalization of traditional market as comparing to the relevancy between the central characteristics of a floating population going around for buying something or eating food and lots of small-sized businesses comprising of the commercial districts. The several traditional markets such as Cheonan station, Dujeong-dong, Sinbu-dong in Cheon-An city has been investigated repeatedly almost every two or three years by the Small Enterprise development Agency(SEDA) since 2001. By analyzing the raw data of those commercial districts made by SEDA, we can calculate the number of firms andthe ratio of business type of each commercial districts. In this research, the type of each business is classified into four groups such as restaurant, service, retail and the rest. Moreover, the central character of the floating population is derived from the raw data, which means the customer information about sex, age structure or the most populous time zones. From these characteristics, one commercial districts has his own specific features distinguishing from the others. The most important differences of past researches are firstly the dynamic viewpoint rather than a static one. Secondly it suggests that the relation between the central characteristics of districts and the floating population would exist. Lastly, it suggests that the interaction between both of them have a significant effect on the growth or decline of the districts and the rates of business type, other adjacent commercial districts as well. Eventually, this study provides several meaningful points for the revitalization of commercial districts to government or stakeholder such as management organization, business owners and new starter etc.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.83 no.2
• /
• pp.254-261
• /
• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate and interpret the stand structure of Korean Red pine (Pinus densiflora) stands in Kangwon province, so as to provide basics information for effective forest management. The results obtained in this study were as follows : 1. Number of trees distribution for each diameter class have left nonsymmetrical in Gosung districts, but symmetrical distribution in Pyungchang districts. 2. Height curve for D.B.H. Distribution becames liner shape in Pyungchang districts that more higher than Gosung districts. 3. Stand volume and number of trees per ha in Pyungchang districts are higher than Gosung districts. 4. D.B.H. growth increments during recent 5 years at large D.B.H. class has much lager than low D.B.H. class. 5. Total growth increments of D.B.H., height and volume in Pyungchang districts are or the higher than Gosung districts overtimes 15 years later.