• 토지주택연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2017

In 1990s, as the extreme weather events according to the global warming climate change are occurred frequently all around the world and the scale of the damage increases, the developed countries are promoting various policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions setting the goal of greenhouse gas reduction with the level of State and local government. Especially for the greenhouse gas reduction of buildings and the inducement of eco-friendly design, the green certification system is strengthened with the assessment of energy and greenhouse management, and recently, according to the policy change of climate and energy, the certification system expanded from the buildings to the level of city and district is piloted. So this research is to understand the main contents and the assessment system of domestic green building certification system implemented in March 2013 in response to the policy change of climate and energy and to suggest the basic data for the improvement of present domestic greenhouse certification standard through the analysis of actual certification and the main case analysis of international green certification system. Recently in developed countries, in 1990s, for the reduction of building's greenhouse gas emission and the inducement of eco-friendly design, from the building of LEED, BREEAM, DGNB to the level of city and district such as LEED Neighborhood Development, BREEAM Communities, DGNB Stadtquartiere, the system is expanded and piloted. On the contrary, as for the domestic standard of green building certification system, the distribution ratio according to the assessment items in each category consists of the assessment system based on the buildings, and just the simple adjustment of some items and the improvement of weighted value are performed. Actually, as a result of selecting the 30 districts of apartment housing with the most certification performance by use among the 49 buildings certified by Institute of Land & Housing from December 2014 to July 2016 and analyzing the assessment score, the certification level is determined by the sectors of high distribution like indoor environment and energy not by the ineffective sector of external environment with low distribution so this system has a limitation to perform the practical means for the policy change of climate and energy. Thus for the national green building certification standards, the assessment system in the sector of external environment is to complemented and furthermore, reflecting domestic reality, through the introduction of certification system and the assessment system with the level of city and district, this system should be improved to meet the international certification standard.

• 예술경영연구
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• 제56호
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• pp.39-87
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• 2020

본 연구는 행정인, 기획인, 예술인 집단으로 직무자를 나누어 문화행정의 공공성 우선가치 인식을 비교하였다. 이를 통해 자율성-책무성, 형평성-효율성 간의 2×2 가치 매트릭스 위에서 집단별 당위와 현실에서 가치분배에 따른 유형화 분석을 진행하였다. 연구결과 자율성-책무성 우선 가치 비교는 현실에서 모든 집단이 책무성 요구가 더 강하게 작동한다고 인식하였다. 당위적으로는 행정인, 기획인, 예술인으로 예산분배의 흐름에서 아래로 내려갈수록 책무성보다 자율성이 더 필요하다는 당위 가치선이 나타났다. 집단별 자율성-책무성 충돌에서 당위와 현실의 인지부조화의 크기는 행정인, 기획인, 예술인 순으로 예산의 위계에서 하위로 갈수록 커지는 결과가 나왔다. 집단 간, 효율성-형평성 우선 가치 비교는 현실에서 모든 집단이 효율성 요구가 더 강하게 작동한다고 인식하였다. 당위적으로는 예술인, 행정인, 기획인 순으로 형평성을 강조하였다. 집단별 효율성-형평성 충돌에서도 당위와 현실의 인지부조화의 크기는 예산의 위계에 따른 행정인, 기획인, 예술인 순으로 커지는 결과를 나타냈다. 이를 바탕으로 집단별 당위-현실 간, 2×2 가치 매트릭스를 유형화하여 비교분석하였다. 당위적인 가치분배는 문화를 통한 공동체주의 가치추구형과 개인의 문화적 자유 균등가치를 균형있게 추구하는 방향을 강조하였다. 하지만 현실에서는 공동체주의 가치추구와 문화의 경제적 가치추구형을 강조한다고 인식하였다. 한국문화행정은 현실에서 자율보다 책무를 기반으로 관료통제를 통한 공동체주의 가치와 경제적 가치를 강조하는 가치분배 압력이 작동하고 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 문화행정 현장에서 이루어지는 가치분배를 위한 의사결정과 정책실행에 함의를 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2000

With the increased use of computers in medical fields, we can consider introducing computer mediated communication into the area of patient care such as medical or health counseling and education. But little was known about what problems can be counseled, what is the main direction of counseling, and what difficulties are met during the computer mediated counseling. So I conducted this study. This is a fundamental study concerning the health counseling by the inter-net. In this study, medical counseling using a method of questioning -answering through a computer mediated communication system was carried out from June 1998 to May 1999. I analyzed the contents of questions and answers by the ICPC classification. The ICPC classification emerged as a standard for information categorization in Primary Health Care within a few years. One of the most prominent features of this classification is the inclusion of the complaints of the patients (symptoms & complaints) and the social problems (Chapter Z). Thus, and for the first time, the demand of patients may be assessed such as it is expressed in the reality. The ICPC list is now an international standard whose validity is not questioned any more. It is translated in more than twenty different languages. The data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistical method, c2 test by cross tabulations. Followings are the results of this study. 1. The 3,054 users composed of 64% of males and 36% of females. The highest number of users was showed in the age group of $25{\sim}29$ (39.4%). 2. During the one-year period, the average number of counseling per user was 2.5 cases and per day was 21.1 cases. 3. In classifying symptoms and complaints by 17 chapter, digestive(17.6%), general and unspecified (12.7%), skin(12.7%) and musculoskeletal system (9.6%) were most common questions. 4. The distribution of diagnosis by 17 chapter, general and unspecified (21.4%), digestive (15.3%), skin (11.9%) and mus- culoskeletal system (8.9%) were most common answers. 5. Many users wanted to know symptoms and complaints(3,609 cases), treatment principles (2,928 cases), prognosis and preventive methods for health problems which were previously diagnosed (284 cases).

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.123-169
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• 2002

The Advent of the global information structure and the do-called digital revolution raise countless new issues and questions. There are no limitations regulating the expressions on the cyberspace due to internet's of quality anonymity\ulcorner diversity\ulcorner spontaneity. Therefore, the freedom of speech is expanded in both areas of time and space, which was impossible with the old communicating system. The rapid development of the internet may not have occurred without techniques of linking and framing, which provide users flexible and easy access to other website. These techniques have enabled internet users to navigate the internet efficiently and sort through the products, services and information available on the internet. Although online technology raises many new legal issues, the law available to help us resolve them, at least today, is largely based on the world as it existed before online commerce became a reality. Thus the challenge is to predict how these new legal issues may be resolved using the current law. Especially, the damage from the above side effects on the cyberspace can be much more serious than in the real world because of promptness, wideness and anonymity. Therefore, regulating and controling the freedom of speech on the cyberspace became needed, and there are two kinds of opinion; one is that the laws in the real world should be applied for the cyberspace and the other is that regulating and controling the freedom of speech on the cyberspace should be performed by the users of cyberspace not by laws because the cyberspace is a free space and must not be interfered. In this study, the current judicial regulation of cyberspace, the side effects of cyberspace and the limitations of the freedom of speech are studied to solve the above problems with speech and the liabilities of on-line service providers are discussed around defamation the distribution of obscene pictures and information, and infringement of copyright.

• 천문학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.81-102
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• 1994

We have decomposed the 11-cm radio continuum emission of the W51 complex into thermal and non-thermal components. The distribution of the thermal emission has been determined by analyzing HI, CO, and IRAS $60-{\mu}m$ data. We have found a good correlation between the 11-cm thermal continuum and the 60- 11m emissions, which is used to obtain the thermal and non-thermal 11-cm continuum maps of the W51 complex. Most of the thermal continuum is emanating from the compact H II regions and their low-density ionized envelopes in W51A and W51B. All the H II regions, except G49.1-0.4 in W51B, have associated molecular clumps. The thermal radio continuum fluxes of the compact H II regions are proportional to the CO fluxes of molecular clumps. This is consistent with the previous results that the total mass of stars in an H II region is proportional to the mass of the associated molecular clump. According to our result, there are three non-thermal continuum sources in W51: G49.4-0.4 in W51A, a weak source close to G49.2-0.3 in W51B, and the shell source W51C. The non-thermal flux of G49.5-0.4 at 11-cm is $\~28 Jy$, which is $\~25\%$ of its total 11-cm flux. The radio continuum spectrum between 0.15 and 300 GHz also suggests an excess emission over thermal free-free emission. We show that the excess emission can be described as a non-thermal emission with a spectral index ${\alpha}{\simeq}-1.0 (S_v{\propto}V^a)$ attenuated by thermal free-free absorptions at low-frequencies. The non-thermal source close to G49.2-0.3 is weak $(\~9 Jy)$. The nature of the source is not known and the reality of the non-thermal emission needs to be confirmed. The non~thermal shell source W51C has a 11-cm flux of $\~130Jy$ and a spectral index ${\alpha}{\simeq}-0.26$.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.152-172
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• 2007

This research suggest the correspondent sizes of women's and men's ready-made clothes to export to China on the basis of KS size specification. The results of this study, with the cooperation of Sejung and Searte Companies exporting clothes to Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province in China, are as follows: 1. Corresponding Dimensions of China Women's Clothes According to Morrison's relative deviation method, the body measurement characteristics of Chines and Korean women in their 30s and 40s were compared. As a result, Chinese women were bigger in height, arm length, abdomen girth, and upper arm girth but smaller in shoulder length and shoulder width. The cluster analysis for body type classification was as follows: Type 1, tall and well-developed, was 34.8%. Type 2 with weaker upper body, medium height, narrow shoulders and a slim waist was 45%. Type 3 with stronger upper body, shortest height and wide shoulders was 20.2%. 2. Corresponding Dimensions of China Men's Clothes Based on the drop standard of KS K 0050, the body types of Chinese men in their 20s were classified. A body types were 55.77%, Y body types were 32.16%, B body types were 11.55% and BB body types were 1.51%. According to the criteria of ready-made dimensions of normal body type suggested in Korea Standards, and in consideration of the basic distribution reality of body dimensions, representative 5 sizes were selected. 3. The corresponding size specification of China women's and men's clothes based on those of KS size specification were presented here, showing product sizes and physical items in detail.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제67권
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• pp.7-34
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 국민정부에서 실용정부에 이르기까지 정권 교체에 따라 신문사 조직과 방송사 조직을 이사진과 실무진으로 구분, 조직 내, 조직 간의 특성을 밀도 분석과 분포 분석, 대응 일치 분석 등을 통해 분석함으로써 한국의 언론 환경에서 형성되어 온 사회적 네트워크 특성과 그 변화 경향이 정권 교체에 따라 어떠한 특성과 변화 경향을 보이고 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 앞서 설정한 시점에서 과연 연고 조직의 영향력이 여전히 지속될 수 있는 여건을 유지하고 있는지를 살펴봄으로써 국내 언론사가 내집단 중심의 폐쇄적인 특징으로부터 벗어나 공동체 중심의 사회적 자본으로 전환될 수 있는 환경 변화 가능성을 모색하는데 집중하고자 하였다. 분석 대상으로 설정한 정권에서, 밀도와 분포 분석을 통한 집중 경향과 대응일치분석 방법을 통해 위치 분석 등 다각도의 방법론을 토대로 분석한 결과, 참여정부에서는 국민정부에서와는 달리 변화 경향을 엿볼 수 있었지만, 실용정부에서는 참여정부 이전 정권에서의 사회적 네트워크 특성과 유사한 형태로 회귀하는 경향을 보이고 있다는 점이 특징적으로 분석되었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.251-262
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• 1991

The roles of fashion merchandisers (merchandise managers) in women's apparel industry and their perceptions of the job requirements as a fashion merchandiser were investigated to understand present fashion merchandising activities in the industry and suggest desirable roles of fashion merchandiser for further development of the industry. The research questionnaires were administered to fashion merchandisers working in the ten national brand women's apparel firms. The results of the study were as follows . 1. Annual sales volumes of most surveyed firms were more than five billions won and eight out of ten surveyed firms have fashion merchandisers in their firms. 2. Fashion merchandisers worked at a specific brand merchandising division sales and operations division or merchandise planning division. A fashion merchandiser generally supervised one brand. 3. Fashion merchandiser's work experience ranged from four to fifteen years showing a great deal of experience in the apparel industry. Their majors at university were mostly business and few majored in clothing and textiles, or textiles. 4. In general, the role of fashion merchandiser was a management specialist who was responsible for identifying target markets analyzing fashion trends, planning of the merchandise development budget planning, manufacturing planning, selling, advertising and sales promotion and distributing the merchandise. At some firms fashion merchandi-sers were not responsible for advertising, display, and receiving the orders. 5. Surveyed fashion merchandisers perceived the desirable fashion merchandiser's role as a management specialist conducting overall business activities in the areas of merchandise planning, manufacturing, selling and distribution. They also mentioned the following personal characteristics such as vision leadership, and persuasion as desirable characteri-stics for those who aspire to a career in fashion merchandising. 6. Surveyed fashion merchandisers emphasized relevant and realistic experiences in fashion merchandising education. Several ways were suggested to help the educator keep in touch with business and bring reality to students. They are . field work, bringing professionals into the classroom to speak to the students, emphasizing clothing and textiles education including merchandising area, and establishing a Department of Fashion Merchandising.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2007

At a time of emphasized need for user-oriented design, methods such as Post Occupancy Evaluation are being used to measure the exact demands of the users. The conventional methods, however, have mostly been conducted based on questionnaires printed on paper, which has posed numerous problems in researches designed to measure the visual demands. Along with the continued development of the internet and computer media, there have been examples of interactive media applications as a means of improving the existing paper-based research methods. This study is a follow-up to the primary study that unveiled cautious variances of the media. 200 samples of media-based researches were extracted to be used in analysis of in-depth visual demands. 200 housewives from rural Iud development zones, who exercises the most influence in household purchases in these regions where the problem of rate of distribution Is coming under the limelight, were chosen as the subjects. The subjects were selected from land development zones of Gimhae-si and Haeundae. At first, the research was prepared as a web-based endeavor but it employed direct research of field personnel in consideration of that this research is in the beginning. This follow-up study deals mainly with the visual demands for which cautious variances were detected in the primary study and includes analysis of mainly ground Plan layout, space coloration, livingroom utilization, and vlsual composition of LDK. Media research had the advantage of zero rate of questionnaire error due to a pre-programmed search routine, and it was possible to ascertain the actual trade-off basis demands of the residents in terms of ground plan layout. In addition, whereas conventional research methods based on still images were susceptible to the preconceptions of the respondents, the interactive media allowed for easy understanding of the spatial layout and thus made it possible for all respondents to provide answers under the same conditions.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.652-657
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• 2015

BitTorrent는 다수의 파일 공유자들로부터 조각파일을 전송 받아 하나의 완전한 파일을 완성할 수 있는 파일 공유 및 전송과 관련된 혁신적인 프로토콜이다. 그러나, 불법 또는 저작권과 관련된 비디오 데이터들이 임의로 배포되는 범죄행위가 발생하는 것이 현실이다. BitTorrent 상에 데이터에 대한 저작권 단속의 어려움은 데이터의 전송형태가 완전한 파일 형식이 아닌 조각 파일 형태로 전송된다는 점이다. 따라서, BitTorrent에서 얻어진 조각파일에서 디지털 콘텐츠를 복원하고, 저작권 위반 여부를 판단하기 위해서는 디지털 콘텐츠의 파일 형식에 대한 분류 과정이 선행 되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 파일의 형식을 분류하기 위한 방법으로서 조각파일의 히스토그램 차분을 특징 벡터로 하는 SVM 분류기를 제안 하였다. 제안한 분류기는 3종류의 비디오 파일 형식에 적용하여 분류율로 성능을 평가하였다.