• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.344-350
• /
• 2003

In this paper, we propose a novel sharing method ordering the events occurring between users collaborated with the common telecomputing environment. We realize the sharing method with multimedia data to improve the coworking effect using teleprocessing network. This sharing method advances the efficiency of communicating projects such as remote education, tele-conference, and co-authoring of multimedia contents by offering conveniences of presentation, group authoring, common management, and transient event productions of the users. As for the conventional sharing white board system, all the multimedia contents segments should be authored by the exclusive program, and we cannot use any existing contents or program. Moreover we suffer from the problem that ordering error occurs in the teleprocessing operation because we do not have any line-up technology for the input ordering of commands. Therefore we develop a method of retrieving input and output events from the windows system and the message hooking technology which transmits between programs in the operating system In addition, we realize the allocation technology of the processing results for all sharing users of the distributed computing environment without any error. Our sharing technology should contribute to improve the face-to-face coworking efficiency for multimedia contents authoring, common blackboard system in the area of remote educations, and presentation display in visual conference.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.32-38
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the natural river conservation work and to find remedies for them, targeting Jangsu-cheon with high frequency of use by citizens among the rivers in Incheon Metroplitan City, Korea; for this, this study conducted investigations and analyses of Jangsu-cheon completed in December, 2008. As a result of investigating 3 spots for the water system of Jangsu-cheon over a total of 3 years (2009, 2010, 2014), it was found that benthic macro-invertebrates of a total of 3 phyla, 5 classes, 11 orders, 26 families, 56 species, and 980 specimens were distributed there. When they were analyzed by year, 18 families and 30 species in 2009, right after the natural river conservation work, and 22 families and 37 species in 2010, 2 years after the work, were found, with 7 species increasing in number; after that, as a result of the investigation in 2014, 22 families and 38 species were found, which tells the river has entered the stabilization stage since the recovery in 2010.Therefore, this study could identify: the water environment of the river was improved due to the natural river conservation work for Jangsu-cheon; in addition, Jangsu-cheon showed good ecological environment due to the continuous maintenance of the good wetlands in Incheon Grand Park in the upper area of the river; and the natural river conservation work of Jangsu-cheon created positive effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.8
• /
• pp.1069-1078
• /
• 2008

The purposes of this study were to identify the consumer behavior using in campus specialty coffee shop and to establish the marketing strategies through Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) of service quality. Questionnaires were distributed to 725 students at K University located in Masan, from April 23 to May 3, 2007. Finally, 621 questionnaires were included in the final analysis (response rate: 85.7%). For statistical analysis, SPSS (12.0) was used to conduct the descriptive analysis, t-test, factor analysis and reliability test. The results of this study were as follows. The average cost of using specialty coffee shop in campus was \ 2,096, the average staying time was 25.92 min and the average number of visits per month was 2.17 times. The importance level of 'employee's attitude', 'physical environment', 'sensory quality of coffee', 'beverage features', 'representativeness' were 3.88, 3.79, 3.73, 3.67, 3.28 points, respectively. Also, the performance level of 'sensory quality of coffee', 'beverage features', 'employee's attitude', 'physical environment', 'representativeness' were 3.13, 3.06, 3.05, 2.77, 2.61, respectively. The importance and performance levels of service quality of specialty coffee shop in campus were significantly different (p<.001). Establishment of marketing strategies for in campus speciality coffee shop was possible through the IPA of service quality. Strategies for improving customer satisfaction were to secure enough chairs/ tables, to procure comfortable chairs for customer and to ensure the quality of coffee bean and service of employee.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.43 no.3 s.136
• /
• pp.195-200
• /
• 2004

The occurrence pattern and bionomics of Selatosomus puncticollis (Motschulsky) were surveyed in three net house (6$\times$70m) in the field and in a laboratory ($20^{\circ}C$, RH$75\%$, L16/DB). Emergence of hibernated adults of S. puncricollis started from early May, reached peak at early June and diminished in late June. Occurrence rate to total number was $42.1\%$ in early June and $31.7\%$ in late May, when most of hibernated adults emerged at these periods. Adults started to oviposit from mid June, and eggs hatched from early July Larvae turned into pupae from mid July and emerged to adults from mid August. Egg-period was 23 days and pupal period was 21 days. It is estimated that preovipositional period and larval period were approximately 10 months and 30 months, respectively. Wireworms were distributed at the soil depth of 10-5 cm, $56.8\%$ in 1997 and $45.8\%$ in 1998. To establish bait techniques to attract wireworms in the soil, six baits: pieces of potato, carrot, and sweet potato, wheat grains, corns, and flour dough wrapped with gauze, were buried at 15 cm of soil depth, and collected after 5 and 10 days. The numbers of wireworms attracted by potato pieces, wheat grains and sweet potato pieces after 10 days were 1.8, 1.6, and 1.4/bait, respectively. Therefore, burying potato pieces at 15 cm of soil depth and collected after 10 days could be recommended as a wireworm baiting technique.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.259-266
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to improve satisfaction of university dormitory foodservice customers by analyzing the correlation between foodservice satisfaction and customer loyalty. The questionnaire was distributed to 510 students residing in a dormitory of a University located in Gyengsangbuk-do from 1st to 8th December, 2015. The average customer satisfaction score was 3.19/5.00. The category with the highest score was sanitation, followed by environment, food, reactivity, and menu. Male students showed significantly higher foodservice satisfaction score than females in terms of reactivity (P<0.01) category. Students living in the dormitory for over 2 years were significantly less satisfied with the dormitory foodservice in terms of menu (P<0.05) and reactivity (P<0.001) categories. The average customer loyalty score was 2.73/5.00. Scores for revisit intention, words-of-mouth intention, and intent not to switch were 2.80, 2.73, and 2.65, respectively. Revisit intention and words-of-mouth intention showed a significant (P<0.001) positive correlation with food, environment, menu, sanitation, and reactivity. Non-switching intention showed a significant (P<0.001) positive correlation with food, menu, and reactivity. After classifying customers into four groups according to customer satisfaction and loyalty, a comparison was carried out to determine satisfaction and loyalty by each customer stratum. In the "loyalist" group, satisfaction with sanitation and the advertise intention by revisit and words-of-mouth were significantly higher than in the other groups (P<0.001). In "defector" group, satisfaction with menu (P<0.001) and advertise intention by words-of-mouth (P<0.01) were significantly lower than in the other groups.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.762-770
• /
• 2016

This study intended to investigate environmental factors including soil and vegetation in order to understand the environmental and ecological characteristics of the Korean endemic species, Syringa fauriei. Syringa fauriei is mainly distributed along the valley and riverside of the Gangwondo and its population is located at an elevation of 121~520m. Consequent to a vegetation survey within natural populations, a total of 320 taxa were identified from 20 quadrates in 4 natural populations. The Syringa fauriei population was classified into Securinega suffruticosa dominant population, Acer pseudosieboldianum dominant population, Amorpha fruticosa dominant population and Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila dominant population. According to the physical and chemical soil analysis, Syringa fauriei habitats contained 1.98~2.81% of organic matter and 0.13~0.20 mg/kg of total nitrogen. The concentrations of cation exchange capacities $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ were $0.10{\sim}0.33cmol^+/kg$, $3.44{\sim}20.53cmol^+/kg$, and $0.34{\sim}0.95cmol^+/kg$, respectively. Positive ion substitution capacity was $8.08{\sim}13.68cmol^+/kg$. The pH was 6.28~7.74. The importance value of Deutzia glabrata, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Alangium platanifolium var. trilobum, Syringa fauriei, Juglans mandshurica, and Salix koreensis in the Syringa fauriei population were 86.99%, 43.97%, 23.01%,18.52, 18.40%, and 11.56%, respectively. Correlation analysis between the vegetation of Syringa fauriei populations and its environmental factors using DCCA revealed that the altitude above sea level and $Mg^{2+}$ were the most influential factors, while dominant populations of Securinega suffruticosa and Acer pseudosieboldianum were spread across areas with high percentages of pH, CEC, and $Mg^{2+}$. Acer pseudosieboldianum population was dispersed in areas with higher $K^+$ compared to Securinega suffruticosa population. The dominant population of Amorpha fruticosa was found to live in places with high altitudes above sea level and with high rates of available phosphate, $K^+$, and rock-exposure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.160-167
• /
• 2006

Harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus is widely distributed in coastal waters of Korea and plays important role in marine trophic structure as a first consumer. In this study, a series of experiment were conducted to test the potential of the species as a standard test species for marine bioassay. Tolerance on salinity and pH, sensitivity on the reference materials(copper sulfate and cadmium chloride) and response on the ocean dumping materials(waste sludge) we re tested to identify if the species satisfy the basic criteria as standard species for marine bioassay. The nauplius of the species($100{\sim}200{\mu}m$) showed wide tolerance on salinity with >90.0% survival rates exposed to $5.0{\sim}35.0psu$ for 48 h. Wide adaptability on pH's were also observed from 6.3 to 8.2 with >90.0% survival rates during the test. $LC_{50}$ values for copper sulfate and cadmium chloride were $3.6{\pm}0.7ppm,\;1.7{\pm}0.8ppm$, respectively. The variations in mortality between replicates were less than 10.0%. Comparison of $LC_{50}$ values indicated that T. japonicus nauplius was lower sensitive to copper sulfate than the most marine crustaceans included copepods, however, the sensitivity of test animal to cadmium chloride higher than the adults of copepod T. japonicus, Paracalanus parvus, and marine rotifer Brachinonus plicatilis. There were significant concentration-response relationship in the mortality of T. japonicus nauplius using the elutriates of three ocean dumping materials(industrial waste sludge). 48 h $LC_{50}$ values we re $31.1{\pm}1.1%$ for the elutriate of sludge from leather processing company and $54.4{\pm}15.1%$ for that of dye production company. Based on the above experimental results, bioassay using benthic harpacticoid T. japonicus nauplius must be a good estimation tool for marine ecotoxicological assessment of waste or chemicals. Wide tolerance on the salinity and pH, and significant linear relationship between concentration and response(mortality) supported the high potential of the species as a standard test species.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2002

Surfactant enhanced in-situ soil flushing was performed to remediate the soil and groundwater at an oil contaminated site, where had been used as a military vehicle repair area for 40 years. A section from the contaminated site (4.5 m $\times$ 4.5 m $\times$ 6.0 m) was selected for the research, which was composed of heterogeneous sandy and silt-sandy soils with average $K_d$ of 2.0$\times$$10^{-4}$cm/sec. Two percent of sorbitan monooleate (POE 20) and 0.07% of iso-prophyl alcohol were mixed for the surfactant solution and 3 pore volumes of surfactant solution were injected to remove oil from the contaminated section. Four injection wells and two extraction wells were built in the section to flush surfactant solution. Water samples taken from extraction wells and the storage tank were analyzed on a gas-chromatography (GC) for TPH concentration in the effluent with different time. Five pore volumes of solution were extracted while TPH concentration in soil and groundwater at the section were below the Waste Water Discharge Limit (WWDL). The effluent TPH concentration from wells with only water flushing was below 10 ppm. However, the effluent concentration using surfactant solution flushing increased to 1751 ppm, which was more than 170 times compared with the concentration with only water flushing. Total 18.5 kg of oil (TPH) was removed from the soil and groundwater at the section. The concentration of heavy metals in the effluent solution also increased with the increase of TPH concentration, suggesting that the surfactant enhanced in-situ flushing be available to remove not only oil but heavy metals from contaminated sites. The removal efficiency of surfactant enhanced in-situ flushing was investigated at the real contaminated site in Korea. Results suggest that in-situ soil flushing could be a successful process to remediate contaminated sites distributed in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.175-183
• /
• 2010

To understand the variation of macro benthos community according to the installation of structure and topographic placement in the shellfish farm on tidal flat, the practical example of the tidal shellfish growing area at Namsung-ri Goheung was observed. The results of the research for the field observation were summarized as follows. (1) The ground gradient of the shellfish farm was very flat below about $1^{\circ}$. The shellfish farm ground took the shape of $\sqcup$ from the shoreline to the place of 150 m seawards, and the shape of $\sqcap$ from there to the low tide line. During ebb tide, the $\sqcup$ shape ground stored the sea water, and the $\sqcap$ shape ground was supposed to act as the effect factor to leak slowly or to prevent the outflow. (2) The oyster shell bag or the type of riprap wall as the boundary in the shellfish farm was classified into five types. The air exposure time and flooding time were 181 and 434 minutes, respectively. (3) In the numerical experiment, the deep-sea water wave coming in the study area had 0.5 m of maximum wave height to show the very stable conditions and the wave direction pattern of S-direction was dominant at Naro great ridge, and SE, SSW and S-direction were distributed strongly around the shellfish farm. (4) By the grain size analysis, the sediment around tidal flat consisted of gravel 0.00~5.81(average 1.70)%, sand 14.15~18.39(average 13.23)%, silt 27.59~47.15(average 30.84)% and clay 35.79~55.73(average 36.19)%, and the sediment type was divided into (g)M(lightly gravelly mud), sM(sandy mud) and gM(gravelly mud) by Folk's diagram. (5) The macro benthos community survey conducted in this site in January, 2010 showed that 1 species of Mollusca, 8 species of Polychaeta and 2 species of Crustacea appeared, and 11 species occupying over 1% of total abundance were dominant.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.570-579
• /
• 2015

Lindera sericea, which belongs to genus Lindera in the Lauraceae family, is labeled under Least Concerned (LC) among Korean rare plants, floristics specific species IV grade and also flagpole species of the Mudeung National Park. It is distributed in Mt. Mudeung, Mt. Cheonbong and Mt. Chogye within gradients from $12^{\circ}$ to $51^{\circ}$. The slope area is from northeast to northwest sides and the altitude range of distribution site is between 220 m and 533 m. The vascular plants in the quadrate where Lindera sericea were studied were identified as a total of 72 taxa; 37 families, 54 genera, 66 species, 5 variants and 1 forma. Among the floristics specific species, IV grade species was Lindera sericea and III grade species were Stewartia pseudocamellia and Acer palmatum. Korean endemic species were Stewartia pseudocamellia and Carex okamotoi. As for the vegetation group, Quercus mongolica and Q. serratak - Lindera sericea, Styrax japonicus populations were found in Mt. Mudeung area where Lindera sericea appeared, Stewartia pseudocamellia-Lindera sericea and Sasa borealis populations were found in Mt. Cheonbong areas, Carpinus laxiflora - Lindera sericea and Sasa borealis populations were found in Mt. Chogye area, and Stewartia pseudocamellia-Lindera sericea and Sasa borealis populations were found in Songgwangsa area. A total number of 662 Lindera sericea individuals were examined. The number of trees with 1 trunk including younger individuals was 353 (53.32%), and the number of trees with 2 to 5 stems was 270 (40.79%). The number of trees with the greatest number of sprouts was 27. Of 662 trees in total, the total number of sprouts was 1,198. Among these, 699 trees (58.34%) were between 50 cm and 150 cm in height. The tallest tree was 585 cm. The most common root-collar diameter of sprouts (992, 82.81%) was under 1 cm, followed by the sprouts with collar diameter from 1.0 to 1.5 cm(156, 13.2%). Among them, the largest root-collar diameter was 3.2 cm. This Lindera sericea specimen had the tallest trunk (565 cm) which was torn lengthwise on one side. Its root and breast parts were decayed by 50% and 25 respectively. Some branches of the three trunks that were more than 4 m in length were dead in the apical portion. Therefore, it is proposed that the Korean Lindera sericea maintains an apical dominance tree type while showing morphological adaptation as a typical shrub because it autonomously decays some branches and trunks over a certain height while increasing the number of its sprouts.