• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2006

부하재분배 방법은 컴퓨터시스템에서 중요한 요소이다. 수신자 개시 부하재분배 알고리즘에서는 전체 시스템이 저부하일 때 수신자(저부하 프로세서)가 부하를 이전받기 위해 송신자(과부하 프로세서)를 발견할 때까지 불필요한 이전 요청 메시지를 계속 보내게 된다. 따라서 이같은 상황에서는 과부하 상태인 송신자 프로세서로부터 승인 메시지를 받기까지 불필요한 프로세서간 통신으로 인하여 프로세서의 이용률이 저하되고, 타스크 처리율이 낮아지는 문제점이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 유전알고리즘을 기반으로 하여 자기조절 능력을 포함하도록 한 이질형 분산 시스템에서의 동적 부하재분배 접근 방법을 제안한다. 이 기법에서는 불필요한 요청 메시지를 줄이기 위해 요청 메시지가 전송될 프로세서들이 제안된 유전 알고리즘에 의해 결정된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.305-321
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• 2000

This paper develops a simplified, but effective, algorithm in obtaining critical slab design moments for parking garages. Maintaining the uniformly distributed load concept generally adopted in the design of building structures, this paper also introduces the equivalent vehicle load factors, which can simulate the vehicle load effects without taking additional sophisticated numerical analyses. After choosing a standard design vehicle of 2.4 tons through the investigation of small to medium vehicles made in Korea, finite element analyses for concentrated wheel loads were conducted by referring to the influence surfaces. Based on the obtained member forces, we determined the equivalent vehicle load factors for slabs, which represent the ratios for forces under vehicle loads to these under uniformly distributed loads. In addition, the relationships between the equivalent vehicle load factors and sectional dimensions were also established by regression, and then used to obtain the proper design moments by vehicle loads. The member forces calculated by the proposed method are compared with the results of four different approaches mentioned in current design codes, with the objective to establish the relative efficiencies of the proposed method.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.582-588
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• 2008

Microgrids are new distribution level power networks that consist of various electronically-interlaced generators and sensitive loads. The important control object of Microgrids is to supply reliable and high-quality power even during the faults or loss of mains(islanding) cases. This paper presents power control methods to coordinate multiple distributed generators(DGs) against abnormal cases such as islanding and load power variations. Using speed-droop and voltage-droop characteristics, multiple distributed generators can share the load power based on locally measured signals without any communications between them. This paper adopts the droop controllers for multiple DG control and improved them by considering the generation speed of distribution level generators. Dynamic response of the proposed control scheme has been investigated under severe operation cases such as islanding and abrupt load changes through PSCAD/EMTDC simulations.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.2169-2175
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 SIP 세션 기반의 인스턴트 메시지(Instant Message) 시스템에서 확장성을 높이기 위하여 복수개의 서버를 사용하여 시스템의 부하를 효율적으로 분산 처리하는 새로운 구조를 제안하였다. 세션 기반 인스턴트 메시지 서버는 SIP 세션을 관리하여 멀티미디어 데이터를 포함한 인스턴트 메시지를 각 사용자들에게 전달해야 하고 각 사용자들에서 발생하는 다량의 프레즌스 정보 처리도 해야 함으로 사용자 수의 증가에 따라 부하를 적절히 분산하여야 한다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 사용자 수의 증가에 따라 특정 서버의 부하가 커지면 전체 인스턴트 메시지 서버 중 가장 부하가 적은 서버로 사용자 요청을 분산하거나 새로운 인스턴트 메시지 서버를 생성하여 메시지 처리를 할당함으로써 동적으로 부하를 분산하도록 한다. 이와 같은 동작을 위하여 인스턴트 메시지 서버의 부하를 제어하는데 필요한 요소들이 추가된 새로운 프레즌스 정보 데이터 형식이 설계되었고 인스턴트 메시지 서버들 사이 및 서버와 사용자 사이의 SIP 메시지 교환 절차가 제시되었다. 제안된 시스템의 성능은 시뮬레이션 실험을 통하여 분석하고 성능이 향상됨을 보였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.1070-1079
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• 2013

This paper develops an enhanced harmonic voltage compensator which is implemented with the aid of two repetitive controllers (RCs) in order to improve the output voltage performance of stand-alone distributed generation (DG) systems. The proposed harmonic voltage compensator is able to maintain the DG output voltage sinusoidal regardless of the use of nonlinear and/or unbalanced loads in the load side. In addition, it can offer good steady-state performance under various types of loads and a very fast dynamic response under load variations to overcome the slow dynamic response issue of the traditional RC. The feasibility of the proposed control strategy is verified through simulations and experiments.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.384-408
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of tooth restored with gold inlay. A profound understanding of the isthmus width factor, which is one of the several parameters of cavity designs, would facilitate the appropriate cavity preparation in a specific clinical situation. In this study, the cavities for gold inlay were prepared in maxillary left first premolar. A three-dimensional model was designed using I-DEAS program. The model was composed of 2515- nodes and 2172 isoparametric brick elements. In the model isthmus width was varied into 1/4, 1/3 and 1/2 of intercuspal width respectively, and numeric values of the material properties of enamel, dentin and gold was set. Three types of load : concentrated load, divided load and distributed load was 500N. The empty cavities in the model were also examined using divided load and distributed load. The three - dimensional Finite Element Method was used to analysis the displacement and stress distribution. The results were as follows : 1. All of the experimental models which were filled with gold inlay revealed similar direction of displacement to that of the natural tooth model under the same load type. But in the models with empty cavities, as the isthmus width increased, the degree of displacement increased in the case of divided load type. 2. All experimental models which were filled with gold inlay showed stress concentration at load points, but in the models with empty cavities at divided load type, as isthmus width increased, stress was concentrated at the comer of the pulpal floor. 3. In the models with empty cavities at divided load type, tooth fracture was expected regardless of isthmus width, but all experimental models which were filled with gold inlay after cavity preparation were not susceptible to fracture. 4. In all experimental models which were filled with gold inlay after cavity preparation, displacement patterns were similar under both concentrated and divided load types. In the models with empty cavities, a divided load resulted in a bucco-lingual cuspal displacemenat in both sides, but a distributed load resulted in a lingual displacement of the tooth.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.76-80
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• 2004

This paper describes a load simulator with power-recovery capability, which is based on the voltage source converter-inverter set. The load simulator described in this paper can save the electric energy that should be consumed to test the operation and performance of the distributed generation system and the power quality compensator. The load simulator consists of a converter-inverter set with a DSP controller for system control and PWM pulse generation. The converter operates as a universal load to model the linear load and the non-linear load, while the inverter feed the energy back to the power source with harmonic compensation. The load simulator can be widely used in the lab to test the performance of the distributed generation system and the power quality compensator.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2005

This paper describes a load simulator with power-recovery capability, which is based on the voltage source converter-inverter set. The load simulator described in this paper can save the electric energy that should be consumed to test the operation and performance of the distributed generation system and the power quality compensator. The load simulator consists of a converter-inverter set with a DSP controller for system control and PWM pulse generation. The converter operates as a universal load to model the linear load and the non-linear load, while the inverter feed the energy back to the power source with harmonic compensation. The load simulator can be widely used in the lab to test the performance of the distributed generation system and the power quality compensator.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2006

A new measure, the distributed generation impact factor (DGIF), is used for evaluating the impact of newly introduced distributed generators on a networked distribution or a transmission system. Distribution systems are normally operated in a radial structure. But the introduction of distributed generation needs load flow calculation to analyze the networked system. In the developed framework, the potential share of every generation bus in each line flow of a networked system can be directly evaluated. The developed index does not require the solution of power flow equations to evaluate the effect of the distributed generation. The main advantage of the developed method lies in its capability of considering simultaneous outputs of multiple generation sites.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.1743-1753
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• 2017

Since there are multiple random variables in the probabilistic load flow (PLF) calculation of distribution system containing distributed generation (DG) and electric vehicle charging load (EVCL), a Monte Carlo method based on composite sampling method is put forward according to the existing simple random sampling Monte Carlo simulation method (SRS-MCSM) to perform probabilistic assessment analysis of voltage quality of distribution system containing DG and EVCL. This method considers not only the randomness of wind speed and light intensity as well as the uncertainty of basic load and EVCL, but also other stochastic disturbances, such as the failure rate of the transmission line. According to the different characteristics of random factors, different sampling methods are applied. Simulation results on IEEE9 bus system and IEEE34 bus system demonstrates the validity, accuracy, rapidity and practicability of the proposed method. In contrast to the SRS-MCSM, the proposed method is of higher computational efficiency and better simulation accuracy. The variation of nodal voltages for distribution system before and after connecting DG and EVCL is compared and analyzed, especially the voltage fluctuation of the grid-connected point of DG and EVCL.